Bilateral filtering of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images.

We extend the well-known scalar image bilateral filtering technique to diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images (DTMRI). The scalar version of bilateral image filtering is extended to perform edge-preserving smoothing of DT field data. The bilateral DT filtering is performed in the Log-Euclidean framework which guarantees valid output tensors. Smoothing is achieved by weighted averaging of neighboring tensors. Analogous to bilateral filtering of scalar images, the weights are chosen to be inversely proportional to two distance measures: The geometrical Euclidean distance between the spatial locations of tensors and the dissimilarity of tensors. We describe the noniterative DT smoothing equation in closed form and show how interpolation of DT data is treated as a special case of bilateral filtering where only spatial distance is used. We evaluate different recent DT tensor dissimilarity metrics including the Log-Euclidean, the similarity-invariant Log-Euclidean, the square root of the J-divergence, and the distance scaled mutual diffusion coefficient. We present qualitative and quantitative smoothing and interpolation results and show their effect on segmentation, for both synthetic DT field data, as well as real cardiac and brain DTMRI data.     

Digital color halftoning with generalized error diffusion andmultichannel green-noise masks

In this paper, we introduce two novel techniques for digital color halftoning with green-noise-stochastic dither patterns generated by homogeneously distributing minority pixel clusters. The first technique employs error diffusion with output-dependent feedback where, unlike monochrome image halftoning, an interference term is added such that the overlapping of pixels of different colors can be regulated for increased color control. The second technique uses a green-noise mask, a dither array designed to create green-noise halftone patterns, which has been constructed to also regulate the overlapping of different colored pixels. As is the case with monochrome image halftoning, both techniques are tunable, allowing for large clusters in printers with high dot-gain characteristics, and small clusters in printers with low dot-gain characteristics.     

Color error-diffusion halftoning

Grayscale halftoning converts a continuous-tone image (e.g., 8 bits per pixel) to a lower resolution (e.g., 1 bit per pixel) for printing or display. Grayscale halftoning by error diffusion uses feedback to shape the quantization noise into high frequencies where the human visual system (HVS) is least sensitive. In color halftoning, the application of grayscale error-diffusion methods to the individual colorant planes fails to exploit the HVS response to color noise. Ideally the quantization error must be diffused to frequencies and colors, to which the HVS is least sensitive. Further it is desirable for the color quantization to take place in a perceptual space so that the colorant vector selected as the output color is perceptually closest to the color vector being quantized. This article discusses the design principles of color error diffusion that differentiate it from grayscale error diffusion, focusing on color error diffusion halftoning systems using the red, green, and blue (RGB) space for convenience.     

Tone mapping with contrast preservation and lightness correction in high dynamic range imaging

In real-world environments, the human visual system perceives a wide range of luminance in a scene. However, the full range of tones in a high dynamic range (HDR) scene cannot be displayed on standard display devices due to their low dynamic range (LDR). Therefore, tone mapping is necessary to faithfully display a HDR scene on an LDR display device. Existing tone mapping methods have problems because details and contrast in a scene are not preserved faithfully, and they also distort the colors in a scene. Thus, we propose a tone mapping method for preserving the detail in an HDR scene using a weighted least squares filter, which preserves the global contrast in a scene by using a competitive learning neural network, before applying a tone reproduction operator to preserve the color without shifting the lightness. According to the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect, the perception of brightness depends on the lightness, chroma, and hue of a color. For example, the luminance of pixels with specific colors such as red and blue is low in an HDR scene. The proposed method corrects the lightness of pixels according to the color (i.e., lightness, chroma, and hue) of a tone-mapped image. Experimental results with several test sets of images demonstrated that the proposed tone mapping method with contrast preservation and lightness correction is more suitable for dynamic range compression than existing tone mapping methods, while it also preserves the color of a scene in an effective way.     

Fuzzy image clustering incorporating spatial continuity

The authors present a spatial fuzzy clustering algorithm that exploits the spatial contextual information in image data. The objective functional of their method utilises a new dissimilarity index that takes into account the influence of the neighbouring pixels on the centre pixel in a 3×1 window. The algorithm is adaptive to the image content in the sense that influence from the neighbouring pixels is suppressed in nonhomogeneous regions in the image. A cluster merging scheme that merges two clusters based on their closeness and their degree of overlap is presented. Through this merging scheme, an `optimal' number of clusters can be determined automatically as iteration proceeds. Experimental results with synthetic and real images indicate that the proposed algorithm is more tolerant to noise, better at resolving classification ambiguity and coping with different cluster shape and size than the conventional fuzzy c-means algorithm     

Color image noise removal algorithm utilizing hybrid vector filtering

This paper proposes a robust approach to color image noise removal that efficiently eliminates noisy pixels by exploiting several vector-class characteristics of multichannel pixels. This algorithm treats multichannel images as a vector class and takes both magnitude and phase angles of the pixel vectors into consideration. It consists of two steps: an efficient noise detector based on pixel vector angle statistics and impulse noise filtering with a hybrid of vector magnitude and vector angle function. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms several other well-known techniques for color image noise removal.     

改进的邻域滤波图像修复方法

在分析了几种重要的基于滤波图像修复算法基础上,提出了一种改进的邻域滤波图像修复算法.为了减少平滑处理中的模糊,该算法根据待修复点与窗口中已知点的欧氏距离来决定相应位置的权值,然后采用邻域中已知像素的加权平均来估算待修复点的值.大量实验结果表明,改进算法修复的视觉效果和归一化均方误差(NMSE)的计算结果均明显优于先前的...     

像素预测误差耦合似然映射的图像伪造检测算法

为了解决当前图像伪造定位技术因使用了CFA 插值,易形成颜色插值噪声而降低分辨率,导致其难以检测微小篡改区域,使其伪造检测精度较低等不足,本文提出了像素预测误差耦合似然映射的图像伪造检测算法。首先,分析颜色滤波阵列CFA插值模型,并从图像中提取绿色分量;随后,嵌入权重因子,构造预测误差及其权重方差计算模型;根据预测误差与贝叶斯理论,定义伪造特征统计模型,识别出趋于零的特征值;最后,根据特征统计模型,建立其似然率模型,输出伪造映射,完成检测。仿真结果表明：与当前图像伪造定位机制相比,本文算法拥有更强的鲁棒性,能识别定位出微小伪造像素;且拥有更高的AUC值与理想的ROC曲线。     

确定区域的人脸彩色传递

在对整幅图像色彩传递算法的基础上,提出了确定区域的人脸彩色传递法。首先利用改进的主动形状模型(ASM)方法定位人脸特征点,进而利用区域生长法确定人脸区域。在将参考图像和目标图像(彩色或灰度图)转换到去相关的对立色空间(lαβ颜色空间)后,对于彩色目标图像,分别调整肤色区域图各通道的均值和标准差;对于灰度目标图像,用亮度邻域统计量匹配的方法在参考图像中选取匹配点,并将匹配点的颜色赋值给目标图像中的对应点。最后,把传递结果转换到RGB颜色空间显示。实验结果表明,该方法能有效传递肤色,形成自然逼真的彩色人脸图像。     

基于色差空间的Bayer 图像的迭代插值算法

单CCD/CMOS 传感器相机捕捉图像信息靠在传感器表面覆盖一层颜色滤波阵列(CFA),经过CFA 后每个像素点只能获得物理三基色(红,绿,蓝)其中一种分量。另外缺少的两种颜色分量,需要通过周围像素的值来估算。首先利用55 模板内的像素来估计插值的方向并用最优的权重系数来插值G 分量。其次利用了基于有理函数的二维插值算子在色差空间插值R(B)处缺少的B(R)分量。再次利用色差插值G 处缺少的R 和B 分量。最后,使用方差约束条件,迭代插值过程被重复多次直到达到了最优的插值结果。通过在24 幅柯达图片以及笔者相机拍摄的图片上的Matlab 仿真实验,结果显示,被提出的算法无论是在视觉方面还是在量化的数据方面都表现出了优势。     

二层减法聚类图像颜色迁移算法

提出了一种图像自动颜色迁移方法,利用二层减法聚类将图像分成一定数量的子块,通过灰度差值直方图方法提取子块纹理特征,建立目标图像与源图像间子块的最佳对应关系,选取各子块数据点密度较大的像素组成子块的样本块,在对应源图像样本块中查找目标样本块的最佳匹配像素,完成样本块间颜色迁移,进而根据已上色的样本块完成目标图像的全局颜色迁移.该算法既适用于彩色图像间颜色迁移也适用于灰度图像上彩色.     

Geometric integration of NOAA AVHRR and SPOT data: low resolutioneffective parameters from high resolution data

Information available from ephemeris data, combined with a few ground control points, is used to carry out the geometric combination of NOAA, AVHRR, and SPOT images by means of orbital models for each satellite. The observation conditions are reconstructed and the areas observed in common determined in the SPOT image pixels and each low-resolution AVHRR pixel. The determination of effective parameters, at low spatial resolution, from high-spatial-resolution data takes into account overlapping effects between adjacent pixels, and pixel size and shape variations with viewing angle for AVHRR data. The method is applied to surface temperature mapping of a selected heterogeneous area by incorporating NOAA AVHRR thermal data in a high-spatial-resolution emissivity map derived from SPOT data     

Perceptual color correction through variational techniques.

In this paper, we present a discussion about perceptual-based color correction of digital images in the framework of variational techniques. We propose a novel image functional whose minimization produces a perceptually inspired color enhanced version of the original. The variational formulation permits a more flexible local control of contrast adjustment and attachment to data. We show that a numerical implementation of the gradient descent technique applied to this energy functional coincides with the equation of automatic color enhancement (ACE), a particular perceptual-based model of color enhancement. Moreover, we prove that a numerical approximation of the Euler-Lagrange equation reduces the computational complexity of ACE from theta(N2) to theta(N log N), where N is the total number of pixels in the image.     

彩色图像的量子置乱算法

量子图像置乱是量子图像处理的典型问题,目前国内外文献绝大多数都是针对像素位置实施置乱,这种置乱方法通过改变像素的空间位置,可使图像不再包含任何可视化信息,然而并未改变像素灰度值的统计特性,从而降低了置乱方案的安全性。针对该问题,首先基于改进的FRQI描述,提出了一种针对像素位置的置乱方法,然后基于改进的NEQR描述,提出了一种针对像素颜色的置乱方法。这些方法或者显著加强了位置置乱效果,或者显著改变了像素灰度值的统计特性。经典计算机上的仿真结果验证了提出方法的有效性。      

Binarization of color document images via luminance and saturationcolor features

This paper presents a novel binarization algorithm for color document images. Conventional thresholding methods do not produce satisfactory binarization results for documents with close or mixed foreground colors and background colors. Initially, statistical image features are extracted from the luminance distribution. Then, a decision-tree based binarization method is proposed, which selects various color features to binarize color document images. First, if the document image colors are concentrated within a limited range, saturation is employed. Second, if the image foreground colors are significant, luminance is adopted. Third, if the image background colors are concentrated within a limited range, luminance is also applied. Fourth, if the total number of pixels with low luminance (less than 60) is limited, saturation is applied; else both luminance and saturation are employed. Our experiments include 519 color images, most of which are uniform invoice and name-card document images. The proposed binarization method generates better results than other available methods in shape and connected-component measurements. Also, the binarization method obtains higher recognition accuracy in a commercial OCR system than other comparable methods.     

Color image compression by moment-preserving and block truncationcoding techniques

A new color image compression technique based on moment-preserving and block truncation coding is proposed. An input image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks and each block pixel is assigned one of two representative colors, which are computed with analytic formulas derived from preserving certain moments in the block. A bit map is then generated for each block to represent the pixels' colors. Different uniformity conditions in the representative colors are also identified and utilized to save code bits. Good average compression ratios up to about 13 can be achieved, as shown by experimental results     

基于加权网络和OWA算子的图像椒盐噪声滤除算法

用加权网络对图像进行建模,可以有效地表示图像的结构特征,其中网络单个节点的点强度集成了节点本身与其它点连接的边数和强度信息。为了发挥结构信息和统计信息在图像分析中的作用,用加权网络对图像进行表示。根据噪声像素与周围像素差异性大的特点,将噪声检测问题转化为搜索网络中具有最小点强度的节点问题。采用有序加权平均（OWA）算子...     

Biologically Inspired Feature Manifold for Scene Classification

Biologically inspired feature (BIF) and its variations have been demonstrated to be effective and efficient for scene classification. It is unreasonable to measure the dissimilarity between two BIFs based on their Euclidean distance. This is because BIFs are extrinsically very high dimensional and intrinsically low dimensional, i.e., BIFs are sampled from a low-dimensional manifold and embedded in a high-dimensional space. Therefore, it is essential to find the intrinsic structure of a set of BIFs, obtain a suitable mapping to implement the dimensionality reduction, and measure the dissimilarity between two BIFs in the low-dimensional space based on their Euclidean distance. In this paper, we study the manifold constructed by a set of BIFs utilized for scene classification, form a new dimensionality reduction algorithm by preserving both the geometry of intra BIFs and the discriminative information inter BIFs termed Discriminative and Geometry Preserving Projections (DGPP), and construct a new framework for scene classification. In this framework, we represent an image based on a new BIF, which combines the intensity channel, the color channel, and the C1 unit of a color image; then we project the high-dimensional BIF to a low-dimensional space based on DGPP; and, finally, we conduct the classification based on the multiclass support vector machine (SVM). Thorough empirical studies based on the USC scene dataset demonstrate that the proposed framework improves the classification rates around 100% relatively and the training speed 60 times for different sites in comparing with previous gist proposed by Siagian and Itti in 2007.     

应用于LCD控制器的动态抖动算法及帧速率控制技术

文章提出了应用于液晶显示(LCD)控制器的动态抖动算法及帧速率控制技术。抖动算法极大的改善了显示图象的平滑度，帧速率控制技术大大增加图象灰度而明显降低图象的抖动和赝象。结果显示在LCD控制器中采用动态抖动算法及帧速率控制技术，如果每一象素数据的位宽是8比特，则单色图象的显示效果可高达256级灰度，彩色图象高达256^3彩色。