水牛梭形住肉孢子虫抗原的薄层等电聚焦行为分析

应用薄层聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳（ＩＦＥ）对水牛梭形住肉孢子虫（Ｓａｒｃｏｃｙｓｔｉｓｆｕｓｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）抗原进行了分析。结果表明，经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００纯化的包囊抗原在电泳图谱上显示３条相距较近的带，等电点分别为６．３０，６．４５，６．６５；缓殖子纯化抗原仅出现１条带，等电点为６．４０     

ALV抗原阳性公鸡精液人工授精对母鸡影响的试验报告

为探讨禽白血病经公鸡精液、种蛋传染的可能性及概率，降低白血病净化成本，选取ALV—p27抗原泄殖腔检测阳性精液检测阳性、泄殖腔检测阳性精液检测阴性、泄殖腔检测阴性精液阴性的公鸡的精液，分别给泄殖腔检测阴性的母鸡进行输精，然后检测母鸡泄殖腔及其蛋清的p27抗原阳性率。结果表明，禽白血病在鸡体内的排毒存在间歇性；泄殖腔ALV—p27抗原阳性的母鸡中有1l％的鸡所产的种蛋中为p27抗原阳性；精液阳性的种公鸡即使多次给母鸡人工授精，也不会增加母鸡所产种蛋的蛋清中p27抗原的阳性率，但是可以增加母鸡泄殖腔p27抗原检测的阳性率。     

应用牛腹腔唇乳突丝虫（Setaria labiatopapillosa）抗原的ELISA检测班氏丝虫病人

应用牛腹腔唇乳突丝虫（Ｓｅｔａｒｉａｌａｂｉａｔｏｐａｐｉｌｌｏｓａ）提纯抗原（简称牛丝虫Ｇ抗原）和抗人ＩｇＧ酶标记物的酶联免疫吸附试验，检测２２７例班氏丝虫病人血清的阳性率为９５．５９％；检测１３２例健康人血清的假阳性率为２．２７％，１０例血吸虫病人血清的阳性率为０。应用牛丝虫Ｇ抗原和马来丝虫抗原同步检测５０例班氏丝虫病人血清的阳性率，前者为９８％，后者为８６％，二者有显著差异（ｐ＜０．０５）。因此认为，牛丝虫Ｇ抗原可以作为人丝虫病的异种抗原诊断试剂。     

斑点免疫吸附试验诊断羊脑多头蚴病的研究

以原头节可溶性粗抗原经Sephadex G-200层析纯化抗原为包被抗原，兔抗羊IgG-HRP结合物为显色剂，建立检测羊脑多头蚴病血清抗体的Dot-ELISA，并以ELISA作平行对照。结果，粗抗原和层析纯化抗原检测86头份羊脑多头蚴病阳性血清，其敏感性分别为94．18％和93．02％，两种抗原的敏感性无显著差异；检测122头份绦虫蚴病阴性血清，18头份棘球蚴病阳性血清，35头份细颈囊尾蚴病阳性血清，其特异性分别为90．29％和95．43％。两种抗原的特异性差异显著。Dot-ELISA和ELISA两种方法的符合率为100％。层析纯化抗原比粗抗原的特异性有了明显提高，而敏感性没有降低。层析纯化抗原和操作术式都具有良好的重复性，Dot-ELISA和ELISA对比试验结果相近，且具简便、快速及不需要复杂设备等优点，是一种检测羊脑多头蚴病血清抗体的理想方法。     

我国规模化肉牛场牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病流行状况监测

从山东,河南和河北省的６个规模化的肉牛场随机采肉牛血清８９份,直肠粪拭子１６５份,分别用微量细胞中和试验和双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒检测牛病毒性腹泻－粘膜病的抗体和抗原。诊断结果;ＢＶＤ－ＭＤ中和抗体阳性率为４６．２％－６５．０％;ＢＶＤ－ＭＤ病毒抗原阳性检出率为５．１％－７７．２％。从而证实我国中原地区肉牛群中存在有ＢＶＤ－ＭＤ。     

应用牛腹腔唇乳突丝虫抗原的ELISA检测班氏丝虫病人

应用牛腹腔唇乳突丝虫提纯抗原（简称牛丝虫Ｇ抗原）和抗人ＩｇＧ酶标记物的酶联免疫吸附试验，检测２２７例班氏丝虫病人血清的阳性率为９５．５９％；检测１３２例健康人血清的假阳性率为２．２７％，１０例血吸虫病人血清的阳性率为０。应用牛丝虫Ｇ抗原和马来丝虫抗原同步检测５０例班氏丝虫病人血清的阳性睾，前者为９８％，后者为８６％，二者有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此认为，牛丝虫Ｇ抗原可以作为人丝虫病人的异种抗原     

免疫组化方法检测细小病毒在雏鹅体内分布规律研究

采用间接免疫酶组织化学染色法对14日龄雏鹅人工感染GPV后，不同时间段病毒抗原在体内的定位及分布情况进行了检测。同时应用图像分析软件对抗原染色强度进行了定量分析。结果显示感染后第1天到第21天的不同时问点分别可以从心脏、肺脏、脾脏、肝脏、法氏囊、胸腺、腺胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和食管十二种组织器官检测到病毒抗原。其中感染第5天感染组织最广泛，抗原染色强度最强，在检测的组织中空肠的检出率最高。病毒抗原广泛分布于肠道的上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞、肺泡壁细胞和’肾小管的上皮细胞内，可见上皮细胞为GPV抗原的主要靶细胞。本试验始终未能从大脑、胰腺和骨骼肌检测到GPV。     

应用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测传染性法氏囊病免疫器官病毒抗原…

利用ＩＢＤＶ高免血清ＩｇＧ作为包被抗体，成功地建立了双抗体夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ，对人工感染雏鸡免疫器官抗原动态分布进行了检测。结果表明，不同毒株感染雏鸡免疫器官病毒抗原含量不一致，持续时间也有差异。采用本方法共检测ＩＢＤ阳性样品２７５份，检出率为１００％，检测对照阴性样品２５份，结果均为阴性，比ＡＧＰ法检测率高４０％左右，灵敏度高１００￣２００倍。试验证明双抗体夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ可用于组织抗原分布的检测     

胰酶分散抗原间接荧光抗体法检测鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒及抗体的研究

本文采用胰酶分散法制备抗原，建立了间接荧光抗体法。用此法对人工感染鸡、人工感染鸡胚及自然发病鸡的抗原进行了测定，结果，人工感染鸡肾脏于７２～１６８ｈ１００％检测到特异性荧光，其余时间部分鸡检出特异性荧光；人工感染后病死鸡肾脏均１００％检测到特异性荧光；人工感染鸡胚于４８～１２０ｈ１００％检测到特异性荧光，其余时间部分检出特异性荧光；１７８例自然发病病例中检出抗原阳性病例１５３例。对抗原检测的结果与冰冻切片制备抗原建立的间接荧光抗体法完全一致。用胰酶分散法制备抗原，对已知阳性血清和待检血清进行检测，检测结果与用冰冻切片法制备抗原检测结果一致。该法将检测程序简化，检测时间明显缩短，适合于临诊应用及对鸡群进行抗体监测     

鸡传染性法氏囊病血清学诊断的研究

应用琼脂扩散试验（AGP）法对具有典型临床症状并经病理学诊断确诊的鸡血清50份和法氏囊材料50份进行了标准抗原检测被检血清；标准阳性血清检测被检疫抗原的研究。标准抗原检测被检血清阳性40份，阳性率为80％（40／50）；标准阳性血清检测被检抗原阳性36份，阳性率为72％（36／50）。经x^2检验（P＞0．05）差异不显著。结果表明两者均适应于IBD的诊断。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.