超临界二氧化碳染色的现状研究

针对传统水染工艺不能从根本上解决印染行业水环境污染严重及资源消耗、浪费大的问题,介绍了一种全新的清洁生产技术——超临界CO2染色,重点论述了超临界流体和超临界CO2染色工艺的特点,对国内外超临界二氧化碳染色技术在合成纤维和天然纤维纺织品染色中的研究现状作了全面分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

超临界二氧化碳流体染色工程化研究进展

介绍了超临界CO2流体基本性质;综述了近年来国内外在超临界CO2流体工程化染色装备系统、工程化染色工艺技术和专用染料三方面的最新研究进展。结果表明:经过多年发展,适用于散纤维、筒纱、织物的超临界CO2流体工程化染色装备开始逐步推向市场,并可通过智能安全联锁系统保障装备的安全运行;聚酯纤维材料超临界CO2流体染色工程化染色工艺技术日趋成熟,已经在世界范围内进行了初步生产应用;但天然纤维超临界CO2流体染色专用染料仍存在色牢度差,易于造成设备腐蚀等问题。指出超临界CO2流体染色专用商品化染料体系建立、超临界CO2流体染色装备工业放大设计和超临界CO2流体染色工艺放大效应是该项技术产业化应用进程中应着力解决的关键问题。     

超临界二氧化碳染色技术研究进展

概述了超临界二氧化碳染色技术的染色机理,对不同染料的染色工艺条件的研究情况做了分析。阐述了染料研究和混合染料拼色研究的进展情况。对超临界二氧化碳的染色热力学和动力学性研究情况做了论述,对染料在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度、染料在纤维与超临界CO2间的分配规律、染料在纤维中的扩散行为做了分析论述。对染色设备的国内外进展情况做了分析论述。指出了超临界二氧化碳染色技术产业化应用应解决的关键问题是增强染料的溶解和在纤维中的扩散,以及高压操作下大容积染色釜的研制。     

生态纺织品染色技术综述

本文从生态角度介绍和分析了近年来开发的环保型染料、环保型助剂和一些新的生态染色技术。着重介绍了仿生染色技术、超临界二氧化碳流体染色技术、短流程染色技术、环保型活性染料染色技术、电化学染色、超声波染色技术、微波染色技术、低温等离子体染色技术及其他一些染色新技术。     

超临界二氧化碳染色的原理及研究进展

介绍了超临界二氧化碳染色具有染色时间短、匀染透染性好、染后不用还原清洗等优点,且整个染色过程中不会造成任何污染,解决了传统染色工艺使用大量的水造成浪费大,存在环境污染严重及资源消耗和有机溶剂染色的生态、成本、很难工业化应用的问题。同时介绍了超临界二氧化碳染色法的基本原理,对国内外超临界二氧化碳染色技术在合成纤维和天然纤维纺织品染色中的研究现状作了全面分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

超临界CO2微乳液及其在纺织中的研究进展

基于超临界CO_2流体基本性质,介绍了超临界CO_2微乳液的形成原理和评价指标。重点总结了超临界CO_2微乳液中含氟表面活性剂和碳氢表面活性剂的研发现状;综述了超临界CO_2微乳液体系在纺织领域中的最新应用进展,得出了其在纺织材料前处理、染色、后整理及纤维改性等清洁化加工上的应用价值;并指出可以通过加强超临界CO_2微乳液基础理论研究和超临界CO_2/离子液体微乳液体系构建,拓宽其在纺织、材料、化学、生物等领域的应用范围。     

超临界流体技术在纤维领域的应用

综述了超临界流体技术在纤维制备、染色、改性以及回收等方面的应用,分析了超临界流体技术在 这些领域的特点和优势。超临界二氧化碳用于合成纤维染色作用显著,技术成熟,应加强超临界流体技术的 基础理论研究工作。     

超临界流体技术在纤维素中的应用

综述了超临界流体技术在纤维素方面的研究进展和应用,包括超临界萃取,超临界流体制浆,纤维素超临界降解,木材超临界热解,超临界水处理,木材超临界流体辅助改性和超临界染色等。并对其应用前景进行了讨论。     

Färben in überkritischem CO2: Bestimmung von Einflußgrößen auf das strukturelle Verhalten von Polyethylenterephthalat-Fasermaterial

The effect of dyeing in supercritical fluids on characteristics of the polymeric structure is investigated using poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. The supercritical fluid (CO₂) causes a decrease in the glass transition temperature and the formation of a network of stabilizing crystallites, which — without the use of a fluid — can only be obtained at significantly higher temperatures. The implications of fiber structure for successful dyeing or impregnation of fibrous material in supercritical systems are discussed.     

Relationship between the solubility of disperse dyes and the equilibrium dye adsorption in supercritical fluid dyeing

In order to understand the dyeing behaviour of synthetic fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide, the solubility of some disperse dyes in supercritical fluid, as well as the rate of dyeing and the equilibrium adsorption of these dyes, have been studied. Dye solubility was measured by a dynamic analytic method at a range of pressure (7.5–25 MPa) and temperature (50–145 °C). The apparent rate of dyeing was measured and the dyeing isotherm was obtained by plotting the equilibrium dye adsorption against the equilibrium dyebath concentration. Linear isotherms were obtained when poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples were dyed with the disperse dyes. The mechanism of dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide was discussed by considering the solubility, the dyeing rate and the dyeing isotherm.     

Dye solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. Effect of hydrogen bonding with cosolvents

The use of supercritical carbon dioxide is emerging as a potential method for achieving pollution-free dyeing. An important factor in supercritical fluid dyeing is the solubility of the dye in supercritical carbon dioxide. Our measurements show that the solubility of C. I. Disperse Red-60 dye in supercritical carbon dioxide is significantly enhanced upon addition of polar csolvents : ethanol and acetone. The solubility enhancement is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between cosolvent and dye molecules. Observed solubility behavior is correlated using dilute-solution theory with lattice-fluid-hydrogen-bonding model. Needed physical and hydrogen-bonding molecular parameters are estimated using the experimental data.     

Rope dyeing of fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide for commerical purposes

A novel method for fabric rope dyeing in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid has been successfully developed for the first time for commercial purposes by employing a custom‐built machine. The influence of parameters such as system pressure, temperature, and dyeing time on fabric colour strength was investigated, and the parameters optimised. Moreover, the level dyeing property, reproducibility, and colour fastness were investigated and evaluated under various conditions. The carbon dioxide recycling efficiency and the running costs of the proposed process in comparison with conventional processes for commercial production purposes were also investigated. The rope dyeing results show significant influence of the process parameters on fabric colour strength. Satisfactory and commercially acceptable products with a good level dyeing property, high reproducibility of coloration, and good fastness, rated at 4–5 or 5 for washing and rubbing, were obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Moreover, a carbon dioxide recycling efficiency ranging from 92 to 95.2% was possible. In comparison with conventional dyeing processes, running costs were lowered by employing the proposed process and rope dyeing machine.     

超临界CO2流体中染料溶解度研究进展

综述了超临界CO2流体中染料溶解度的测试装置与方法。分析了超临界CO2流体工艺参数与染料化学结构对分散染料溶解度的影响规律；总结了国内外近二十年的分散染料在超临界CO2流体中溶解度数据，并介绍了分散染料在超临界CO2中的溶解度增溶技术。指出加强染料结构对其溶解性能作用原理及影响规律剖析，超临界CO2中染料溶解行为数据库构建，染料拼色与配色研究三方面为未来的研究重点。     

Dyeing of pet textile fibers and films in supercritical carbon dioxide

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile fibers were dyed with a disperse dye in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide at three temperatures of 333.2, 363.2 and 393.2 K and at pressures between 15 and 25MPa. The PET film was also dyed at 393.2 K. It was found that the dye uptake in the fiber increased 2–5 times when a small amount of acetone was added as a cosolvent. The equilibrium dye uptake increased with increasing pressure at all temperatures. At 393.2 K the pressure effect appeared to be much larger. It was explained with the shift of the glass transition temperature of the polymers at high pressures. These results may be useful in designing and developing the pollution-free supercritical dyeing technique, a potential alternative to the conventional dyeing of polyesters that produces a lot of wastewater.     

Extraction and processing with supercritical fluids

OVERVIEW: Extraction and processing with supercritical fluids (SCF) is increasingly gaining importance in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) using carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a solvent has emerged as a highly popular technology today over the conventional techniques for extraction of natural products for rapid, contamination‐free, tailor‐made extracts having superior quality and shelf‐life and high potency of active ingredients. IMPACT: The importance of SCFE is on the rise due to consumers' preferences for ‘natural’ as opposed to synthetic substances and, impending regulations for environmental protection, safety, nutritive and toxicity levels. APPLICATIONS: Newer applications of SCFs include separation and purification of chemicals, cleaning, coating, particle formation, textile dyeing, aerogel drying, reactions with separation and food preservation. Some fundamental aspects of SCFs, various processing technologies with SCFs, and a few newer potential applications are presented in this article. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

合成纤维的超临界二氧化碳染色

传统染色工艺使用大量的水,存在环境污染严重及资源消耗、浪费大的问题,有机溶剂作染色介质也存在生态、成本问题等,很难工业化应用。超临界二氧化碳流体染色作为一种新型染色技术越来越得到关注。本文介绍了超临界流体的性质及其染色工艺的特点,讨论了分散染料在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解和分散性,分析了三种合成纤维在超临界二氧化碳流体中染色研究现状、应用趋势和存在问题。     

Effect of the addition of a modifier in the supercritical dyeing of polyester

The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of an ethanol addition in the dyeing of a commercial polyethylene terephthalate yarn with supercritical carbon dioxide. The equilibrium uptake in the yarn and the partition coefficients of three azo dyes between the polymer and the fluid phases were experimentally measured under different working conditions and compared with the data obtained without any modifier. It was found that the presence of the modifier increases the dye concentration in the yarn and the solubility of the dye in the supercritical phase, allowing good dyeing results to be obtained under less severe working conditions. The partition coefficient data were also satisfactorily regressed with a semi‐empirical correlation, available in the literature for a different system and here adapted to the partition of a dye between a fibre and a supercritical bath.     

用于纺织品一次成功染色的新型纺织化学品

当前低碳经济被提到了前所未有的高度,纺织品一次成功染色是发展低碳经济的重要途径。本文阐述了用于纺织品一次成功染色的新型纺织化学品（包括纺织助剂和染料）。它们在促进低碳经济和振兴印染工业中起着重要的作用。     

毛纺印染综合废水处理工程

针对毛纺印染废水特点,采用了厌氧流化床-生物接触氧化法进行处理.运行结果表明,在进水COD平均为1 700mg·L~(-1)、BOD_5450mg·L~(-1)、色度300倍的条件下,上述指标去除率分别为95%、96%和93%,出水各项指标均达到纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准(GB4287-1992)中的一级排放标准,系统运行费用基本保持在0.54～0.84元·m~(-3)之间.     

超临界二氧化碳染色过程

针对传统水染工艺不能从根本上解决印染行业水环境污染严重及资源消耗、浪费大的问题，介绍了一种全新的清洁生产技术——超临界CO2染色过程，重点分析了超临界流体和超临界CO2染色工艺的特点，阐述了分散染料在超临界CO2中的溶解和扩散特性以及纤维表面结构及其改性在染色过程中的作用，提出了超临界CO2染色技术研究的若干观点。