共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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目的:通过检测自行设计的含铅穿戴用品对125I粒子植入患者的放射性屏蔽效果,优化辐射防护的个体化方法。方法:125I粒子植入患者69例,术后根据粒子植入的部位和数量选择穿戴不同类型的含铅防护用品。术后24小时内检测患者无屏蔽与穿戴不同铅当量屏蔽用品在不同距离的辐射剂量,并按接触时间计算与患者密切接触的病区医务人员(AAED)及陪护人员(AED)所接受的辐射剂量。结果:患者无屏蔽时,在0.5 m处的医务人员所受的年平均辐射剂量小于放射工作人员限值20 mSv,在2 m处接近公众限值1 mSv,在4 m处接近本底;在1 m处的陪护人员所受的平均辐射剂量接近公众限值1 mSv,在4 m处接近本底。患者穿戴0.25 mmPb含铅屏蔽用品时,零距离有58位患者的辐射剂量高于本底,但对医务及陪护人员产生的平均辐射剂量接近公众限值,其中最高者为1.8 mSv;穿戴0.5 mmPb含铅屏蔽用品时,患者零距离辐射剂量接近本底。结论:125I粒子植入后,患者穿戴0.25 mmPb含铅屏蔽用品时,绝大部分(68/69例)患者不会对医务及陪护人员造成辐射损伤;粒子植入数量较多和/或植入部位距体表较近的患者,若穿戴0.25 mmPb的屏蔽用品在0.3 m处辐射剂量大于本底,则应穿戴0.5 mmPb的含铅屏蔽用品。 相似文献
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放射性~(125)I粒子植入术后患者及密切接触者的剂量监测 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
目的:分析125I粒子植入术后对患者、患者周边及密切接触者的受照剂量率并估算年剂量,及在该剂量率的条件下达到剂量限值所需要的时间.方法: 采用热释光剂量计检测20例125I植入后的患者体表、病人家属、病人床边、邻床床边及医护人员的受照剂量率,并根据公式推算这些检测点受到照射的年剂量,及在该剂量率的条件下达到剂量限值时所需要的时间.结果: 患者体表平均剂量率为214.54μGy/h,其中头颈部肿瘤、腹部肿瘤、前列腺癌及其他肿瘤患者体表的平均剂量率分别为4193.18μGy/h,22.97μGy/h,160.34μGy/h,9656.32μGy/h,年当量剂量平均值为441.25mSv,其中头颈部肿瘤、腹部肿瘤、前列腺癌及其他肿瘤患者体表的年当量剂量分别为8624.14mSv,47.24mSv,329.77mSv,19860.21mSv.累计剂量达到5mSv和1mSv所需要的平均时间分别为:23.44h和4.67h,其中头颈部肿瘤、腹部肿瘤、前列腺癌及其他肿瘤患者累计剂量达到5mSv和1mSv 所需要的平均时间分别为: 1.19h和0.24h、230.07h和44.00h、31.42h和6.25h、0.52h和0.10h.与患者密切接触者及位于其周边位点的年当量剂量均值最大为0.01 mSv.结论: 125I粒子组织间近距离治疗术后病人,其周边环境及其密切接触者是安全的. 相似文献
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目的 探讨4D模板在125I粒子治疗晚期恶性肿瘤中的安全性及剂量研究。方法 选取陕西省肿瘤医院胸外科自2018-2019年晚期恶性肿瘤患者98例,采用4D模板导航放射性125I粒子植入治疗。术前放疗计划、术中优化、术毕即刻剂量验证,术后评定植入剂量。观察治疗结果。结果 98例肿瘤患者全部顺利完成粒子植入术,植入部位行外照射和未行外照射的大体肿瘤体积植入剂量分别为(12489±414)cGy和(15036±514)cGy,V100%分别为84.7%~94.1%和88.2%~93.7%;临床靶体积植入剂量分别为(7450±621)cGy和(9080±761)cGy。剂量植入质量评估优91%(89/98)、良7%(7/98)、中2%(2/98)、差0。疼痛患者症状缓解率为92%(36/39)。行外照射和未行外照射1、2年局控率分别为61%、36%和82%、54%(P=0.02)。48例肺部植入者气胸发生率为19%(9例),咯血发生率为10%(5例),其他部位植入者均未出现相应并发症。结论 4D模板辅助125I粒子治疗恶性肿瘤安全有效,术中实时针道角度调节和剂量优化使植入剂量得到精准控制。 相似文献
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目的:用热释光片法测量接受125I粒子植入手术患者病房主管护士及主管医生敏感器官受照射剂量,找出相关影响因素。方法:测量对象为我院放射治疗科29例接受125I粒子植入手术患者病房主管护士(甲状腺及左右眼晶体)及主管医生敏感器官(甲状腺及左右眼晶体)。2018年05月08日至06月09日顺序入组29例我科室首次实行CT引导下125I粒子植入手术的患者,男14例,女15例,年龄44~88岁,中位年龄54岁。在125I粒子植入后将热释光片贴于病房主管护士及主管医生相应位置进行测量。结果:测量天数共计25天(25天内病房主管医生及护士左右眼晶体及甲状腺皮肤处受照射的累积剂量用于预测年累积剂量),用均值±标准差表示各敏感器官的受照射结果及按照每年年工作日(约为250天)累计计算结果如下:病房护士的甲状腺、左晶体及右皮肤处的24小时受照射剂量分别为(0.88±1.27) μSv、(1.35±2.52) μSv及(1.00±1.28) μSv;预计年受照射剂量分别为0.15 mSv、0.23 mSv及0.18 mSv;主管医生的甲状腺、左右晶体皮肤处的24小时受照射剂量分别为(0.75±1.24) μSv、(1.00±1.52) μSv及(1.10±1.65) μSv;预计年受照射剂量分别为0.12 mSv 、0.21 mSv 及0.22 mSv。结论:在术后患者使用防护用具的情况下:粒子个数、粒子活度及肿瘤中心至体表垂直距离分别与主管医生及病房护士的敏感器官皮肤处的受照射剂量无直接相关性。在术后患者应用防护用具的情况下病房护士与主管医生是安全的。 相似文献
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目的:分析^125I粒子植入术后对患者、患者周边及密切接触者的受照剂量率并估算年剂量,及在该剂量率的条件下达到剂量限值所需要的时间。方法:采用热释光剂量计检测20例^125I植入后的患者体表、病人家属、病人床边、邻床床边及医护人员的受照剂量率,并根据公式推算这些检测点受到照射的年剂量,及在该剂量率的条件下达到剂量限值时所需要的时间。结果:患者体表平均剂量率为214.54μGy/h,其中头颈部肿瘤、腹部肿瘤、前列腺癌及其他肿瘤患者体表的平均剂量率分别为4193.18μLGy/h,22.97μGy/h,160.34μGy/h,9656.32μGy/h,年当量剂量平均值为441.25mSv,其中头颈部肿瘤、腹部肿瘤、前列腺癌及其他肿瘤患者体表的年当量剂量分别为8624.14mSv,47.24mSv,329.77mSv,19860.21mSv。累计剂量达到5mSv和1mSv所需要的平均时间分别为:23.44h和4.67h,其中头颈部肿瘤、腹部肿瘤、前列腺癌及其他肿瘤患者累计剂量达到5mSv和lmSv所需要的平均时间分别为:1.19h和0.24h、230.07h和44.00h、31.42h和6.25h、0.52h和0.10h。与患者密切接触者及位于其周边位点的年当量剂量均值最大为0.01mSv。结论:^125I粒子组织间近距离治疗术后病人,其周边环境及其密切接触者是安全的。 相似文献
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The effect of graded external radiation doses and a dose administered by an implanted 125I seed on growth delay and cure rate of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma was investigated. One 125I seed (0.40 or 0.50 mCi) was implanted per tumour when the tumours had grown to a predetermined size. The irradiation by the 125I seed did not cause significant tumour growth delay. When implantation of an 125I seed was combined with graded external radiation doses, the growth delay observed after these combined regimens was significantly greater than that observed after treatment with external doses alone. The same was observed for tumour cure rates. The effectiveness of the 125I seed could be assessed as being equivalent to a single dose of external radiation of about 6-20 Gy, depending on the external dose applied. The application of 125I seeds combined with external irradiation to obtain local control might be recommended in those cases where the total dose of external radiation alone is limited by normal tissue reactions. 相似文献
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AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Brachytherapy for prostate cancer by means of permanently implanted 125I sources is a well established procedure. An increasing number of patients all over the world are treated with this modality. When the technique was introduced at our institution, radiation protection issues relative to this technique were investigated in order to comply with international recommendations and national regulations. Particular attention was paid to the need for patient shielding after discharge from hospital. METHODS: The effective and equivalent doses to personnel related to implantation, the effective dose to patient relatives as computed by a developed algorithm, the air kerma strength values for the radioactive sources certified by the manufacturer compared with those measured by a well chamber, and the effectiveness of lead gloves in shielding the hands were evaluated. RESULTS: The effective dose to the bodies of personnel protected by a lead apron proved to be negligible. The mean equivalent doses to the physician's hands was 420 microSv for one implant; the technician's hands received 65 microSv. The mean air kerma rate measured at the anterior skin surface of the patient who had received an implant was 55 microGy/h (range, 10-115) and was negligible with lead protection. The measured and certified air kerma strength for125I seeds in RAPID Strand corresponded within a margin of +/- 5%. The measured attenuation by lead gloves in operative conditions was about 80%. We also defined the recommendations to be given to the patient at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure risks related to brachytherapy with 125I to operators and public are limited. However, alternation of operators should be considered to minimize exposure. Patient-related measurements should verify the dose rate around the patient to evaluate the need for shielding and to define appropriate radiation protection recommendations. 相似文献
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放射治疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的主要手段之一,始于19世纪末期.而放射性粒子组织间近距离放疗距今也已有近100年的历史.放射性^125I粒子植入治疗是近距离放射治疗的一种,具有低剂量率、持续照射、可反复植入等特点,与外放疗相比,其高度适形、提高肿瘤靶区剂量、降低周围正常组织受量,减少并发症,取得了非常理想的局部控制率.近年来,放射性^125I粒子在临床治疗肿瘤方面应用日渐广泛,具有高精度、微创,疗效肯定等优势,是一种理想的局部治疗方法.但人们对^125I粒子如何以低剂量率、连续照射方式杀伤癌细胞的作用机制尚不十分清楚,各种肿瘤的治疗剂量都是参照外放射治疗的剂量移植而来.^125I粒子治疗肿瘤的机理及其相关基础实验研究国内外报道的均不多,缺乏相关基础实验资料,现就这一领域的研究进展加以综述. 相似文献
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