Ag/TiO2薄膜结构和光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了Ag掺杂的TiO₂薄膜.用XRD、氮吸附法、UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计以及XPS对Ag掺杂后TiO₂薄膜结构的变化进行了分析;用分光光学法通过在紫外光照下分解亚甲基蓝的实验比较了TiO₂薄膜与Ag/TiO₂薄膜的光催化性能.结果发现,掺杂适量的Ag有助于TiO₂薄膜光催化氧化性能的提高,原因在于:（1）Ag通过引入耗尽层提高了TiO₂的电荷分离能力,并吸引空穴向薄膜表面移动,结果使薄膜表面空穴的浓度提高,薄膜光催化效率提高;（2）Ag减小了TiO₂粒子的粒径,使TiO₂禁带宽度增大,薄膜光催化氧化的能力提高;（3）Ag掺杂后,TiO₂薄膜表面对-OH基和水的吸附增加,使光照后TiO₂薄膜表面活性自由基·OH的浓度增加,空穴向薄膜所吸附物质的转移能力提高.     

La/TiO2-SiO2薄膜的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺杂量的La／TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜．通过XRD、FE-SEM和AFM研究了复合薄膜的微观结构，采用紫外光照射下亚甲基蓝的分解实验比较薄膜的光催化性能．结果表明：La掺杂可显著提高TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜的光催化活性，以5％掺杂量为最佳，其光降解率比掺杂前提高了约23％．薄膜活性提高的主要原因是La掺杂后细化了TiO2的晶粒，提高了薄膜的比表面积，使其具有更高的氧化还原电势，La^3＋取代Ti^4＋进入到TiO2晶格，引起晶格膨胀，这种不同价离子的取代导致TiO2粒子表面电荷分布不平衡，从而提高了光生电子-空穴的分离效率．     

离子掺杂对纳米TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响研究

研究了Ag 、Cu2 、La3 、Ni2 及W6 5种离子掺杂对釉面瓷砖表面TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响,并采用XRD和UV-VIS检测技术对所制备的TiO2薄膜材料进行了表征.结果表明,掺杂离子能有效提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,且离子的掺杂存在一个最佳浓度.UV-VIS及XRD衍射发现,掺杂后的纳米TiO2薄膜有不同程度的吸收光谱带边蓝移及粒径减小的现象,具有量子尺寸效应.     

稀土掺杂TiO_2薄膜的制备及其应用研究

采用溶胶-凝胶的方法制备得到了Y、Ho、Sm和Ce掺杂的TiO2薄膜,XRD分析表明薄膜结晶性能良好,具有锐钛矿晶型。同时研究了稀土元素掺杂浓度和光照条件对薄膜性能的影响,得到了Y、Ho、Sm和Ce的最佳掺杂浓度。研究表明,稀土掺杂同未掺杂相比能提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,其中在最佳掺杂浓度时的光催化降解率最高,薄膜的降解率达到了90%。以Sm掺杂的TiO2薄膜降解乐果,结果表明,在太阳光照条件下比在紫外光照条件下具有更高的降解率。     

TiO2光催化剂的掺杂改性作用机理研究

综述了掺杂改性对TiO2光催化性能影响的作用机理.针对光催化研究目前的现状和存在的问题,就TiO2的掺杂改性研究进展进行总结.纵观近几年发表的掺杂改性的研究论文,这种掺杂改性提高纳米TiO2光催化活性的实质为提高TiO2光致电子与空穴的分离效率以及扩展TiO2的可利用波长范围,具体表现为表面电子状态的改变,自由电子或空穴捕获体的形成,晶体氧缺陷的增加,高活性电子或空穴的产生,晶型转变的抑制以及吸收波长范围的扩展等.     

银修饰氮掺杂TiO_2薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

TiO2具有光催化活性,因而被广泛应用于废水处理、空气净化、尾气处理等领域。研究表明,经掺杂的TiO2薄膜具有更优异的光催化活性。在众多的可掺杂元素中,N和Ag具有独特的性能特征,因此其可使TiO2薄膜的光催化活性得到较大提升。本文使用直流磁控溅射法和拼靶工艺制备了不同Ag含量的银修饰掺氮TiO2薄膜,并分析了薄膜的形貌结构、表面元素化学态、光学性能和可见光催化活性。研究表明:薄膜沉积过程中Ag含量对薄膜性能影响较大。在TiO2的表面,颗粒细小而均匀。随着Ag含量的增加,薄膜表面出现凸起颗粒,为Ag2O颗粒,且其尺寸逐渐增大;薄膜对350~800 nm波段光的吸收增强。当Ag含量为6.76%(原子比)时,薄膜具有最高的可见光催化活性。     

Ag-TiO2光催化剂的制备、性能及机理研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag-TiO2光催化剂粉体,研究了不同制备条件对样品性能的影响,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,研究了其光催化性能,分析了Ag掺杂提高光催化性能的机理。结果表明,Ag离子的掺杂拓展了TiO2在可见光区的光谱响应范围,降低了光生电子和空穴的复合几率;在普通日光灯下,当Ag的掺杂量为n(Ag)∶n(TiO2)=0.1%,热处理温度为400℃条件下制备的样品催化性能最好,其光催化活性显著高于Degussa P25。     

Pb掺杂TiO2薄膜的制备及光催化活性研究

以硝酸铅和钛酸丁酯[Ti(OBt)4]为前驱体，用溶胶—凝胶法在活性炭表面制成了Pb掺杂TiO2薄膜，并用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见光谱(UV—VIS)、透射电镜(TEM)对制得的Pb掺杂TiO2薄膜进行了表征，分别用甲基橙水溶液的光催化脱色反应、有机磷农药—氧化乐果(omethoate)水溶液的光催化降解反应评价了不同Pb掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化活性。结果表明，薄膜为金红石和锐钛矿的混合晶相，相对于未掺杂的TiO2薄膜，由于金红石含量的增加，不同Pb掺杂TiO2薄膜的吸收带发生了微小的红移，Pb掺杂使薄膜的光催化活性明显提高，当Pb／TiO2质量分数为1．7％时，薄膜显示出最高的光催化活性。TiO2薄膜中的Pb可能以Pb(Ⅳ)和Pb(Ⅱ)两种形态存在，在紫外光的辐射下，Pb(Ⅳ)和Pb(Ⅱ)可能通过浅势俘获TiO2的光生电子和空穴而发生相互转化，减少了光生电子和空穴的简单复合，从而提高了薄膜的光催化活性。     

铁、铬离子掺杂对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在釉面砖表面制备了均匀的TiO2薄膜,并研究了铁、铬离子掺杂对TiO2光催化性能影响。对罗丹明B的光降解实验表明,适量的铁、铬离子掺杂均可提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,铁离子的掺杂效果明显高于铬离子,而铬离子的掺杂方式影响TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,这主要基于它们不同的掺杂机理。     

光催化Ba2+掺杂TiO2薄膜的常温制备及其性能研究

采用旋转涂膜法制备不同Ba2+掺杂量具有光催化活性的TiO2薄膜.适量Ba2+掺杂减小薄膜接触角,提高薄膜亲水性,从而吸附更多染料分子.适量Ba2+掺杂的TiO2薄膜对紫外光的吸收有所提高,产生更多的电子和空穴.薄膜表面均匀,颗粒为球形,0.01％ Ba2+的掺入能有效地抑制颗粒团聚成二次颗粒.薄膜催化活性随着涂膜次数的增加而提高,涂膜3次以上时活性下降.Ba2+掺杂量为0.01％涂膜3次的TiO2薄膜紫外光下脱色活性红X-3B溶液,脱色率达86.1％.     

射频磁控共溅射制备光催化Ag-TiO2薄膜

采用射频磁控共溅射法制备Ag-TiO2复合薄膜,通过控制Ag靶的溅射时间可调节Ag与TiO2的比例.所制备的Ag-TiO2薄膜为锐钛矿结构.通过紫外光照降解亚甲基蓝溶液和循环伏安法研究Ag-TiO2薄膜光催化及光电化学特性.实验结果表明:掺1.5% Ag的Ag-TiO2薄膜在紫外光照射下能增强亚甲基蓝溶液的降解并得到更大的光生电流.这种光催化的增强主要是由于光生电子-空穴对的复合被抑制的结果.     

Effects of mineral tourmaline particles on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films

Titania composite thin films (T/TiO2) containing tourmaline particles were prepared by a sol-gel method, using alkoxide solutions as precursor. The tourmaline particles and thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and so on. The effects of tourmaline on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were measured with methyl orange as an objective photodegradation substance. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange conformed to the first-order kinetic equation and the composite thin films had better photocatalytic activity due to the cooperation of polarity and the far infrared emission of tourmaline. The T/TiO2 thin films including 0.5 wt% tourmaline exhibited better photocatalytic activity when heat-treated at 250 degrees C for 3 h, than pure TiO2 thin films under the ultraviolet irradiation.     

HNO3处理对TiO2纳米薄膜的光催化活性和表面微结构的影响

通过sol-gel工艺分别在钠钙玻璃和预涂SiO2涂层的钠钙玻璃基体上制备了TiO2光催化纳米薄膜．然后用1mol／L HNO3水溶液对煅烧后的薄膜进行酸处理。用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外可见光谱(UV—VIS)对酸处理前后TiO2纳米薄膜进行了表征。用甲基橙水溶液的光催化脱色来评价TiO2薄膜的光催化活性。结果表明：SiO2涂层能有效阻止钠离子从玻璃基体向TiO2薄膜的扩散，普通玻璃表面的TiO2纳米薄膜经HNO3处理后，薄膜的光催化活性明显增强。这是由于TiO2纳米薄膜中的钠离子浓度降低以及表面羟基含量增加的缘故。     

Effects of structure of anodic TiO(2) nanotube arrays on photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

In this study titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) arrays were prepared by an anodic oxidation process with post-calcination. The morphology and structure of the TNT films were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activity of the TNT films was evaluated in terms of the degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The effects of the nanotube structure including tube length and tube wall thickness, and crystallinity on the photocatalytic activity were investigated in detail. The results showed that the large specific surface area, high pore volume, thin tube wall, and optimal tube length would be important factors to achieve the good performance of TNT films. Moreover, the TNT films calcined at 500 degrees C for 1h with the higher degree of crystallinity exhibited the higher photocatalytic activity than other TNT films calcined at 300 and 800 degrees C. Consequently, these results indicate that the optimization of TiO(2) nanotube structures is critical to achieve the high performance of photocatalytic reaction.     

Photocatalytic properties of Au/TiO2 thin films prepared by RF magnetron co-sputtering

Au/TiO₂ thin films with various Au doping contents were deposited on quartz substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron co-sputtering. The as-deposited Au/TiO₂ films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), XRD, and UV-vis techniques. Au doping and UV treatment enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ thin films. The optimal RF power of the Au target and UV treatment time were 5 W and 1 h, respectively. The enhanced photoactivity of Au(5 W)/TiO₂ thin films with UV treatment is found to result from the increased hydroxyl concentration.     

Visible light photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon and parathion pesticides on carbon-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanorod thin films

In the present work the nanostructured carbon-doped TiO₂ thin films with nanorod morphology were deposited on glass substrate by a combination of ultrasonic and chemical vapor deposition methods, and for the first time were applied for the photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon and parathion organophosphorus pesticides under visible light irradiation. X-ray Diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used for characterization of the prepared thin films. Obtained results show that presence of carbon element and also special nanorod morphology of the thin films remarkably improve the optical properties of TiO₂ in visible light region and results in the good visible light photocatalytic activity of the thin films for degradation of the pesticides. The photonic efficiencies of the prepared thin films were also examined based on the international ISO-10678:2010 standard protocol for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV light irradiation. The results show a maximum photonic efficiency of 0.0312% for the carbon-doped TiO₂ thin film with 570 nm thickness, which compared to a reference standard TiO₂ films indicates a 30% improvement in photonic efficiency.     

Photocatalytic properties of porous TiO2/Ag thin films

In this study, nanocrystalline TiO₂/Ag composite thin films were prepared by a sol-gel spin-coating technique. By introducing polystyrene (PS) spheres into the precursor solution, porous TiO₂/Ag thin films were prepared after calcination at a temperature of 500 °C for 4 h. Three different sizes (50, 200, and 400 nm) of PS spheres were used to prepare porous TiO₂ films. The as-prepared TiO₂ and TiO₂/Ag thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and by scanning electron microscopy to reveal structural and morphological differences. In addition, the photocatalytic properties of these films were investigated by degrading methylene blue under UV irradiation.When PS spheres of different sizes were introduced after calcination, the as-prepared TiO₂ films exhibited different porous structures. XRD results showed that all TiO₂/Ag films exhibited a major anatase phase. The photodegradation of porous TiO₂ thin films prepared with 200 nm PS spheres and doped with 1 mol% Ag exhibited the best photocatalytic efficiency where ∼ 100% methylene blue was decomposed within 8 h under UV exposure.     

DBD-CVD法制备掺氮二氧化钛薄膜及其结构性能

采用介质阻挡放电化学气相沉积(DBD-CVD)法制备TiO2透明自清洁功能薄膜,选用四异丙醇钛(TTIP)、NH3作为反应先驱体,另外再加入一定量的N2、Ar或者He作为稀释气体控制气体的流量和流速。通过对其进行X射线衍射、紫外-可见光谱、X光电子能谱、场发射扫描电镜、光催化性质、光亲水性质等测试表明,过DBD-CVD方法制备TiO2薄膜,只存在锐钛矿相,氮掺杂改变了薄膜中锐钛矿相晶粒生长的取向,从而影响薄膜的表面微观结构,促使光吸收限红移,提高了薄膜在可见光照射下的光催化效率,并改善了薄膜表面的亲水性能。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by polydimethylsiloxane deposition and subsequent thermal treatment at 800 °C

A thin film of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated on TiO₂ nanoparticles (P-25, Dagussa), and surface structures of the thin films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity of PDMS-coated TiO₂ samples with various annealing temperatures was determined using UV irradiation. We show that the 800 °C-annealed sample of PDMS-coated TiO₂ showed a two-fold higher photocatalytic activity with respect to the bare TiO₂. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the greater hydrophilicity of the annealed PDMS coating.