纯镁对碳化硼颗粒的常压浸渗

本文研究了纯镁对不同致密度的碳化硼(B₄C)颗粒基片的常压浸渗性;讨论了镁液对B₄C颗粒聚集体常压浸渗的影响因素;提出了浸渗模型。研究表明,纯镁在氩气保护下,800～850℃温度范围保温30min即可浸渗B₄C颗粒聚集体。浸渗深度和宽度随加热温度升高和保温时间延长而增加;常压浸渗的B₄C_P/Mg复合材料具有很高的硬度,B₄C颗粒在基体中分布较均匀。      

烧结助剂对反应热压烧结B4C基复合材料性能的影响

以微米级B₄C粉体为原料,通过与TiO₂葡萄糖原位反应制备TiB₂颗粒增韧B₄C复合材料。研究了烧结温度和烧结助剂对材料烧结行为及力学性能的影响。在1950℃反应热压下获得了相对密度为97.7%的TiB₂/B₄C复合材料,断裂韧性达到5.3 MPa·m1/2。添加Al₂O₃和Si烧结助剂后,分别在1950℃和1900℃ 获得了接近致密的(TiB_2,Al₂O₃)/B₄C和(TiB_2,SiC)/B₄C复合材料,断裂韧性分别提高到7.09和6.35 MPa·m1/2。显微组织分析表明,增韧作用主要来自残余应力引起的裂纹偏转。     

硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D复合材料的界面微观结构及力学性能

以晶化的硅酸铝短纤维（Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ）_sf为增强体、用磷酸铝为预制体粘结剂,通过挤压浸渗工艺制备了（Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ）_sf /AZ91D镁基复合材料。通过光学显微镜、TEM和HREM分析研究了复合材料的界面微观结构和界面反应产物。结果表明：用挤压浸渗法制备的硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料的界面厚度约为100 nm,界面上除有一定数量的MgO颗粒和少量的MgAl₂O₄和Mg₂Si颗粒外, 还有少量的MgP₄等反应产物存在;硅酸铝增强纤维与镁合金基体之间形成了较强界面结合,界面微观结构比较理想。力学性能测试表明,与AZ91D基体合金相比,复合材料的室温抗拉强度提高了约18%,弹性模量提高了约58%。     

激光熔化沉积制备TiB+TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料微观组织研究

激光熔化沉积制备的钛合金微观组织中常出现异常粗大的柱状晶粒,限制了其在复杂承力结构件方面的应用。为降低原始晶粒的尺寸,提高合金强度,本文基于原位自生反应原理,在Ti6Al4V粉末中添加少量的颗粒增强体B₄C得到混合粉末,并通过激光熔化沉积工艺制备出熔覆层以及多层钛基复合材料(TMC)。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和显微硬度仪等测试手段研究了B₄C的添加对Ti6Al4V合金微观组织的影响规律,并对其作用机制进行了分析。研究表明:B₄C的添加降低了原始β晶粒的尺寸,并强化了合金基体。当添加1wt.% B₄C颗粒时,晶粒的外延生长得到有效抑制,原始β晶粒开始出现柱状晶向等轴晶转变(CET)的趋势,柱状晶粒尺寸由原始的平均600 μm减小到50 μm。同时,B₄C与钛基体发生原位反应形成的混杂增强相TiB和TiC富集在晶界,构成三维网状结构,不仅限制了晶内α相的生长,同时也起到了第二相强化的作用,使基体的硬度较基材提高了15 %以上。     

B2O3与Mg-Li 合金反应合成复合材料的热力学及动力学研究

通过DTA 及液淬试验, 对B₂O₃与Mg-Li 合金反应合成MgO 颗粒增强Mg-Li 基复合材料的热力学及动力学进行了研究。结果表明,B₂O₃与Mg-Li 合金的反应温度与Mg-Li 合金常规熔炼温度接近, 且反应速度很快, 适于反应合成复合材料的制备。显微组织观察与XRD 分析发现, 反应生成的MgO 颗粒尺寸细小, 形状圆整且分布均匀。     

碳化硼颗粒/镁合金复合材料的工艺与性能

本文探索了制造碳化硼颗粒/镁合金(B₄C_p/ZM5)复合材料的挤压铸造工艺和复合材料坯件的二次加工性能,测试了B₄C_p/ZM5的抗压强度、硬度、密度等性能,结果表明:碳化硼颗粒/镁合金复合材料具有低密度、高强度、高硬度、良好的成型性能和二次加工性能。     

B4C改性酚醛树脂粘接SiC陶瓷的高温性能

以酚醛树脂为基体,B₄C为改性填料制备出高温粘结剂,并对 SiC陶瓷进行粘接。对粘接样品热处理之后测试各试样的室温剪切强度。结果表明,700 ～800℃ 热处理后,胶层剪切强度超过 20 MPa。利用扫描电镜以及能谱仪研究粘接试样的断面形貌及其结构特征 , 并借助裂解色谱/质谱联用仪研究了酚醛树脂及B₄C改性酚醛树脂 750℃ 裂解的主要挥发分。研究表明,B₄C与CO等挥发分之间的改性反应可以有效地改善粘结胶层高温下的结构致密性、稳定性。反应产物B ₂O ₃高温熔融,具有良好的润湿/粘附性,可在一定程度上愈合、修补树脂热解产生的收缩缺陷;B₂O₃与树脂基体活性部位形成化学键合,提高了树脂基体的高温稳定性和结合强度,从而实现高温下的良好粘接。     

纳米Fe包覆Si3N4的制备及其高温烧结微观组织

采用非均相沉淀-热还原法制备了Fe/Si₃N₄颗粒复合粉末并在热处理温度1873K和0.1MPa氮气气氛下进行常压与热压烧结。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法观察Fe/Si₃N₄复合粉末的结构形貌及常压、热压烧结后的微观组织。结果表明：Fe/Si₃N₄复合粉末物相主要存在Fe相与Si₃N₄相,微观结构为纳米薄层 Fe均匀包覆Si₃N₄颗粒;高温烧结后的常压与热压样品的组织成分与微观结构有极大的不同,除了存在Si₃N₄相之外,常压样品金属Fe相衍射峰消失,并有晶粒粗大铁硅化合物生成,热压样品则保留有金属Fe相,并存在晶粒相对细小铁硅化合物及致密的玻璃态物质。     

新型酚醛SMC增稠剂及增稠机理的研究

本文通过粘度实验,研究了酚醛片状模塑料(P-SMC)的新型增稠剂.结果发现,B₂O₃和ZnO混合体系是较好的酚醛树脂增稠剂;当在100份树脂中加入4份B₂O₃和1份ZnO时,可达到理想的增稠效果.文中还通过红外光谱探讨了B₂O₃和ZnO对酚醛片状模塑料的增稠机理,分析表明B₂O₃对树脂有较好的增稠作用,ZnO可延缓B₂O₃对树脂的增稠,使增稠时间调节到较为理想的程度.     

熔渗法制备SiC/ FexSiy 复合材料显微结构和性能

用Fe_xSi_y (Fe₃Si, Fe₅Si₃, FeSi ) 熔体自发浸渗SiC 粉体预制件制备出致密度高达9615 %的SiC/ Fe_xSi_y复合材料。利用XRD、OM 和SEM 等对复合材料的相组成、显微结构和力学性能进行了分析和表征。研究发现, 自发浸渗过程中SiC 在Fe_xSi_y 熔体中有溶解和析出, 导致复合材料的相组成和显微结构发生变化。Fe₃Si 渗入后, 复合材料中有碳析出, 并生成Fe₅Si₃ 和FeSi 两种新相;Fe₅Si₃ 和FeSi 的渗入无碳析出, 而是发生碳化硅烧结、粒子合并和晶粒长大;Fe₅Si₃ 熔体渗入超细碳化硅(0.5μm ) 粉体预制件后, 生成大的碳化硅晶粒和碳化硅单晶。借助CHEMSAGE 热力学数据库对1873 K 时Fe-Si-C 体系的平衡相图进行了定量分析, 研究了SiC 在Fe_xSi_y 熔体中的稳定性;解释了铁的三种硅化物浸渗后, SiC 颗粒形态的变化。通过对复合材料显微硬度、弯曲强度和可靠性(威布尔系数) 的测试, 分析了熔渗法SiC/ Fe_xSi_y 复合材料结构和性能的关系。     

Processing of B4C Particulate-reinforced Magnesium-matrix Composites by Metal-assisted Melt Infiltration Technique

In fabricating magnesium-matrix composites, an easy and cost-effective route is to infiltrate the ceramic preform with molten Mg without any external pressure. However, a rather well wettability of molten Mg with ceramic reinforcement is needed for this process. In order to improve the wettability of the metal melt with ceramic preform during fabricating composites by metal melt infiltration, a simple and viable method has been proposed in this paper where a small amount of metal powder with higher melting point is added to the ceramic preform such that the surface tension of the Mg melt and the liquid-solid interfacial tension could be reduced. By using this method, boron carbide particulate-reinforced magnesium-matrix composites （B4C/Mg） have been successfully fabricated where Ti powder immiscible with magnesium melt was introduced into B4C preform as infiltration inducer. The infiltration ability of molten Mg to the ceramic preform was further studied in association with the processing conditions and the mechanism involved in this process was also analyzed.     

Pressure infiltration of Al-Si alloys into compacts made of carbon particles

In this work several aspects of pressure infiltration of Al and Al-12wt%Si eutectic alloy into preforms of packed carbon particulates have been investigated. Compacts were prepared from particles of average diameter 13.5, 26 and 61.6 μ m. While infiltration with pure Al at 750°C was very poor due to the extensive reaction between C and Al, the substantial lowering of the infiltration temperature that allows the use of Al-Si eutectic alloy, greatly improved infiltration performance. Results for the threshold pressure and infiltration kinetics are discussed in the light of previously published results for different systems. The effect of Ti addition has also been investigated.     

SiCp颗粒增强铝基复合材料工艺与组织研究

对无压渗透制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料工艺进行了探索，并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对其组织进行了观察，用ｘ射线衍射仪对复合材料组成相进行了分析。结果表明：采用无压渗透技术，可以制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料；熔融的基体合金对碳化硅颗粒预制体渗透完全；其过程存在Ａｌ与ＳｉＣ的化学反应，产物为Ｓｉ和碳化铝（Ａ１４Ｃ３），其中Ｓｉ进入基体中，Ａｌ４Ｃ３能与大气中水汽发生化学反应，结果使碳化硅铝基复合材料存放一定时间后发生龟裂和粉化。为限制Ａｌ与Ｓｉ反应，可向基体中加入适量的Ｓｉ元素，可使电裂与粉化问题得到解决。     

高体积分数B4C/ZL101复合材料力学性能的研究

高体积分数颗粒增强金属基复合材料结合了陶瓷和金属的性能优势,具有轻质、高强、高模量的特点,是一种颇具应用前景的装甲材料,但此方面的报道研究较少。采用压力浸渗法制备了颗粒体积分数为50%、不同粒径的B4C/ZL101复合材料。结果表明,预制件温度为550℃、浸渗熔体温度为750℃时,采用压力浸渗可以得到颗粒分布均匀、致密度高的复合材料,组成相简单;复合材料的力学性能表明,B4C颗粒的粒径越小,复合材料的力学性能越好。当B4C颗粒粒径为3μm时,压缩强度、抗弯强度、布氏硬度分别可达1000MPa、640MPa、285HB。     

原位反应渗透法TiCp/Mg复合材料的制备和性能

利用Ti和C元素粉末间的原位放热反应合成TiCp,结合Mg熔体的自发渗透技术制备了TiCp/Mg以及TiCp/AZ91D两种镁基复合材料,观测了复合材料的相组成和原位反应生成物TiCp的形貌,研究了这两种镁基复合材料的常温压缩性能.结果表明,原位反应自发渗透技术制备的Mg基复合材料组织致密,增强相呈细小的颗粒状和互穿网片状,分布均匀.这是材料的压缩强度得到提高的原因.在常温以及应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下,TiCp/Mg和TiCp/AZ91D镁基复合材料的压缩强度分别达到598和650 MPa.     

Fabrication of Al/TiB2 composites through gas pressure infiltration

Titanium diboride is being evaluated as a replacement of SiC in metal/ceramic composites for thermal management. Albeit these composites are produced by gas pressure infiltration, no study of the process is available. This work presents an analysis of the threshold pressure for infiltration of Al into TiB₂ compacts and of the infiltration kinetics. Particles of diameters 14 and 20 μm, and spans of 1.62 and 1.77, were packed obtaining a volume fraction of 0.63. The compacts were infiltrated in air with pure Al at 700 °C. Despite of the fact that the average particle radii differ in a 50%, the threshold pressure for the coarser particles is only a 4% lower, while intrinsic compact permeabilities (derived from infiltration of a wetting organic liquid) are identical. The origin of this apparently odd behavior is the almost identical specific surface areas that those two particles have. Contact angles derived from infiltration experiments are shown to be compatible with sessile drop results.     

镁基复合材料力学性能与微观组织研究

采用了液态浸渗法制备了Al2O3短纤维和SiC颗粒混杂增强镁合金复合材料.研究了浸渗压力对镁基复合材料力学性能和微观组织的影响.研究表明,当浸渗压力从0.4 MPa增加到60 MPa的过程中,由于组织的密实使得力学性能上升;随着浸渗压力的增加,将导致预制体受到压缩变形,纤维折断,从而导致综合力学性能下降.     

Effect of fabrication parameters on carbon fibre reinforced magnesium matrix composite components

Carbon fibre reinforced magnesium matrix (C_f/Mg) composite components were made by liquid–solid extrusion process following vacuum infiltration technique. The effect of varying fabrication parameters (extrusion temperature, infiltration pressure and filling pressure) on the forming quality of C_f/Mg components was investigated. The experimental results showed that the extrusion temperature and the infiltration pressure played important roles, and the filling pressure played a secondary role. The components can be obtained at an extrusion temperature of 590°C, an infiltration pressure of 20?MPa and a filling pressure of 0.2?MPa. The ultimate tensile strength of the C_f/Mg composite components was 290?MPa, which was increased by 81% compared with that of casting AZ91D.     

Fabrication and characterisation of AZ91/SiC composite by pressureless infiltration method

Abstract

Since the spontaneous infiltration of molten AZ91 Mg alloy into the powder bed containing SiC particles occurred at 700°C for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, it was possible to fabricate Mg alloy composites reinforced with SiC particles. Since the fabrication conditions (e.g. temperature, time and atmosphere) of the composite are different from those of the other fabrication route, reaction products formed during the composite fabrication were investigated in detail using field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. From the analysis of reaction products, the authors can identify the formation of MgO, MgAl₂O₄, Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and an AlN phase containing magnesium.