Al2O3颗粒增强纯铝基复合材料的研究

本文探讨了用粉末冶金法,采用常规的冶金加工设备和工艺,制造Al₂O₃颗粒增强纯铝基复合材料的可行性。研究了不同Al₂O₃体积含量复合材料的显微组织及力学性能。初步试验了二次热挤压变形对颗粒分布和对基体强化的影响。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒与纯铝粉混合,加压烧结制备的复合材料,组织致密,颗粒分布均匀,随Al₂O₃含量增加,复合材料强度、硬度及弹性模量大大提高,Al₂O₃含量小于10%时,塑性不降低。二次热挤压有助于提高颗粒分布的均匀性;并使基体显著强化。     

增强体SiCP对SiCP/Al复合材料腐蚀行为的影响

通过周期浸润腐蚀实验研究了不同SiC颗粒尺寸(70、90、140、220μm)和不同SiC颗粒体积分数(42%、49%、55%)的SiC_P/Al复合材料在酸性环境中的腐蚀行为。采用失重法、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及扫描电镜分别计算腐蚀速率、观测微观组织、分析腐蚀产物的物相组成以及观察表面形貌。结果表明：腐蚀前期,SiC_P/Al复合材料的耐腐蚀性能随着颗粒尺寸的减小而降低,腐蚀中后期,耐蚀性能随着颗粒尺寸的减小反而有一定程度的提高;SiC颗粒的存在一方面促进了点蚀的成核,另一方面又打断了基体的连续性,改变了点蚀的生长方式,抑制了点蚀的进一步扩展;SiC_P/Al复合材料的耐腐蚀性能随着颗粒体积分数的提高而降低,其腐蚀产物主要为氧化铝和非晶态硫酸铝化合物。     

SiCP/Al复合材料的拉伸性能

对高体积分数碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC_P/Al)复合材料的拉伸强度进行了试验研究。发现在较高应力水平下经过2次卸载的试件与未做卸载的试件相比,拉伸强度变化很小,说明加载-卸载过程对材料的拉伸强度影响不大。在试验研究的基础上,使用ANSYS软件建立了有限元模型,对SiC_P/Al复合材料的拉伸特性进行了仿真模拟。研究结果表明,低体积分数SiC_P/Al复合材料的力学性能更接近塑性材料;而高体积分数SiC_P/Al复合材料的力学性能则接近于脆性材料。拉伸强度模拟计算误差非常小,基体破坏是导致高体积分数SiC_P/Al复合材料破坏的主要因素。     

疲劳氧化环境中3D SiCf/SiC复合材料损伤演变

研究了疲劳氧化环境中3D SiC_f/SiC复合材料损伤演变,并对该环境中SiC_f/SiC复合材料的失效机制进行了分析。结果表明,疲劳氧化环境中3D SiC_f/SiC复合材料的损伤主要为：基体开裂;热解碳界面相脱粘、氧化及取向性排列;纤维断裂、氧化及其结构的改变。这些损伤使氧化性气体通过基体开裂形成的裂纹不断氧化复合材料内部;界面相脱粘和取向性排列使纤维更容易拔出;纤维的氧化、纤维中无定形碳的增多以及SiC晶粒的长大导致纤维强度降低。     

原位生成TiB2/ZA27复合材料的制备与性能

以Al熔液为载体,采用原位反应生成形状规则、尺寸细小的TiB₂颗粒相,再将TiB₂颗粒传递到ZA27合金中,形成TiB₂颗粒增强的ZA27复合材料。采用合理的熔炼工艺促进了TiB₂颗粒在基体中的均匀分布。实验结果显示,TiB₂颗粒在ZA27复合材料中,分布均匀,平均直径在3 μm以下。TiB₂颗粒的加入使得复合材料的晶粒明显细化,并随着TiB₂颗粒含量增加,复合材料的抗拉强度、硬度明显提高,2.1%TiB₂/ZA27复合材料与基体合金相比室温抗拉强度提高13%、布氏硬度提高21%,弹性模量也有所提高,在强度、硬度及弹性模量提高的同时,材料的塑性并未恶化,延伸率略有提高,另外,材料的热膨胀系数随着TiB₂颗粒的加入有所降低。     

高体积分数SiCp/A356复合材料的显微组织和电导率

铝基复合材料在电子封装领域存在着潜在的应用前景。为获得高体积分数的铝基复合材料,利用压力浸渗法制备了高体积分数SiC颗粒增强A356复合材料(SiC_p/A356),通过金相显微镜、XRD、SEM和EDS等分析手段对其物相、显微结构和电导率进行了表征。结果表明:用该方法制备的SiC_p/A356复合材料组织致密,颗粒分布均匀,界面结合性能较好;SiC增强颗粒与A356基体界面反应控制良好,仅有少量Al4C3脆性相生成。SiC粉体经颗粒表面氧化处理在其表面生成一层SiO_2薄膜,虽抑制了界面反应的发生,但也使复合材料的收缩减小,电阻率增大,导电性能变差。     

亚微米Al2O3P/Al-Mg-Si复合材料时效行为

为了研究亚微米级Al₂O₃颗粒对基体合金时效过程的影响规律,在 6061 铝合金基础上调整Mg、Si含量,采用压力浸渗法,制备了Al₂O₃体积分数为30%的亚微米级Al₂O_3P/Al-2.26Mg-0.63Si复合材料。通过硬度试验、SEM和TEM等手段,研究了复合材料及其基体合金的时效行为。结果表明,Al-2. 26Mg-0.63Si 合金的时效过程比较明显,随时效温度的提高峰时效时间提前,190℃时出现时效软化现象。亚微米Al₂O₃颗粒的加入强烈抑制复合材料的时效过程,时效曲线未出现明显时效峰。分析认为,由于大部分Mg 元素被消耗在界面形成MgAl₂O_4,且基体中位错稀少,不利于溶质原子扩散,因此复合材料中沉淀相在过时效阶段仍停留在GP区状态,没有充分长大,时效析出受到抑制。     

原位反应法制备Al/Al3Ti复合材料组织和性能

本研究采用一种新型的原位反应工艺,使TiO₂粉剂与纯铝熔体反应,生成Al3Ti颗粒,然后采用搅拌铸造法制备Al/Al₃Ti复合材料。生成的Al₃Ti颗粒尺寸细小,为2～3μm,而且分布均匀,与基体结合好。当TiO₂加入量为纯铝基体的30wt%、反应温度为920℃时,复合材料的抗拉强度比纯铝基体提高71.5%,硬度提高134%,而延伸率较纯铝稍有下降。     

片状Al2O3对Al2O3/FEP复合材料热导率的影响

通过混炼工艺制备了片状Al₂O₃填充聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)复合材料,以颗粒状Al₂O₃为对比样品,研究了片状Al₂O₃形状和尺寸对 FEP基复合材料热导率的影响,利用SEM观察了FEP基复合材料的微观形貌。结果表明：在低填充量下,Al₂O₃颗粒在FEP基体中呈“海岛”状分布,没有形成连续的导热网链,但其热导率明显提高;复合材料拉伸强度与断裂伸长率随Al₂O₃含量的增加而减小;低填充量时复合材料热导率的提高主要来自Al₂O₃的微细片状结构,这种微细片状结构一方面提高了有效导热路径,另一方面增加了颗粒与基体之间接触面积,因此有利于热导率的提高。     

挤压铸造法制备可变形SiCP/Al复合材料的组织与性能

通过在SiC颗粒预制块中加入铝粉的方法制备了颗粒含量可控的SiC颗粒预制块,并用挤压铸造法制备了可变形SiC_P/Al复合材料。通过对颗粒体积含量为25%的SiC_P/Al复合材料进行热挤压变形,研究了挤压变形的可行性及其对复合材料组织与性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,用本文中提出的新工艺制备的25vol%SiC_P/Al复合材料可以成功地进行挤压比为25∶1的热挤压变形,并且热挤压变形可以明显提高复合材料的强度、刚度和塑性。     

喷射共沉积SiCp/Al复合材料的增强颗粒植入

对用喷射共沉积法制备颗粒增强复合材料中固体颗粒向金属基体的转移过程进行了计算.在考虑到颗粒所受到的拖曳力、表面力和密度差引起的浮力的条件下,推导出了增强颗粒植入沉积层的判据.以颗粒冲击沉积层液膜最小速度为表达形式的判据指出,颗粒的动能、直径和同金属的润湿条件对颗粒的植入有决定性的影响.     

Influence of spray atomization and deposition processing on microstructure and mechanical behaviour of an aluminium alloy metal-matrix composite

An aluminium alloy metal matrix discontinuously reinforced with silicon carbide particulates, was synthesized using the spray atomization and co-deposition technique. Microstructural characterization studies were performed to provide an understanding of the intrinsic effects of carbide particulate co-injection into the aluminium alloy metal matrix. Results reveal the ageing kinetics to be altered by the reinforcing ceramic particulates. Ambient temperature tensile tests revealed that the presence of particulate reinforcement in the aluminium alloy metal matrix degrades both strength and ductility. The results obtained are discussed in relation to thermal conditions during spray co-deposition and contributions from reinforcement to intrinsic microstructural effects and mechanical response.     

粉末雾化喷射成形制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料

颗粒增强金属基复合材料（ＭＭＣｓ）具有良好的综合性能，在航空、汽车及民用工业中的应用前景十分广阔。近年来粉末雾化喷射成形工艺用于制备颗粒增强ＭＭＣｓ受到了重视与发展。该方法通过快速凝固获得组织均匀、细小、无宏观偏折和高性能的新材料。在沉积过程中向基体合金的喷雾中喷入增强相颗粒即可制成高性能ＭＭＣｓ。本文介绍这一方法的基本原理和最新进展。     

碳化硅增强铝基复合材料的力学性能和断裂机制

研究了碳化硅颗粒(SiCp)尺寸对用粉末冶金法制备体积分数为15%的SiCp/2009铝基复合材料力学性能和断裂机制的影响.结果表明,复合材料的强度随着SiCp尺寸的增大而减小,塑性则随着颗粒的增大而增大.当SiCp尺寸为1.5μm时,SiCp/2009A1复合材料的断裂主要以界面处撕裂和基体材料的开裂为主;当SiCp尺寸为20 μm时,复合材料的断裂主要以SiCp断裂为主;当SiCp尺寸处于两者之间时,SiCp/2009A1复合材料界面处撕裂和SiCp断裂的共同作用决定复合材料的断裂.     

SOLIDIFICATION BEHAVIOR OF AI-Li-SiCp MMCs PROCESSED USING VARIABLE CO-DEPOSITION OF MULTI-PHASE MATERIALS

In the present study, the effect of matrix solidification on the resulting size and distribution of SiC particulates during spray atomization and co-deposition was investigated. The microstructure of the spray deposited materials was characterized as a function of cross-sectional thickness for a single experiment, as well as for different processing variables for distinct experiments. In order to assess the effect of SiC particulates on the microstructural evolution during processing, the unreinforced Al-Li material was also studied. Regarding the interaction of SiC particulates with the solidification front, the present results show that the kinetic and thermodynamic models commonly used to describe the behavior of ceramic particulates during solidification do not give adequate results when applied to the conditions present during spray atomization and deposition. Instead, an alternate criterion based on mechanically driven engulfment during spray atomization and deposition is proposed. The microstructural studies were accomplished using scanning microscopy, optical microscopy and image analysis. Finally, the observed microstructural features and the computed thermal and solidification conditions of the atomized matrix are discussed concurrently.     

Damping Behaviour and Mechanism of Graphite ParticulateReinforced Metal Matrix Composites

The effect of graphite particulate reinforcement on the resultant damping behaviour of ZA27metal matrix composites (MMCs) has been investigated in an effort to develop a new functional material. The MMCs were processed by a spray atomization and deposition technique. The damping capacity, as well as the relative dynamic modulus, was measured at frequencies of 1and 4 Hz in the 30 to 200℃ temperature range. There exists a transformation point at 55℃in the internal friction and temperature spectrum of the MMCs. It is shown from microstructural analysis that the damping capacity of ZA27 can be significantly improved by the addition of graphites particulates through spray deposition processing. Finally, the operative damping mechanism is discussed in light of the data obtained from characterization of microstructure and damping capacity.     

SiC 颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备及机加性能研究

采用真空搅拌铸造法制备了20vol%SiC 颗粒增强A 356 基复合材料。SiC 颗粒在基体中分布均匀, 材料抗拉强度319M Pa, 弹性模量98. 9GPa, 延伸率1. 4%。采用聚晶金刚石-PCD 刀具, 在切削速度v= 30～ 40m/m in时, 复合材料对刀具损耗最小, 工件表面粗糙度良好。      

微细颗粒对复合材料熔体表观粘度的影响

以微米或亚微米级颗粒做为复合材料的增强体可减小因大颗粒造成的应力集中等缺陷,从而有望提高复合材料的机械性能。利用高能超声制备了不同粒径(最小达0.5微米)Al₂O₃颗粒增强的锌基复合材料。通过比较半固态加压除气的试样在重熔前后的高度变化,建立了增强颗粒粒径与复合材料熔体表观粘度间的关系。结果表明,熔体表观粘度的增大并非界面反应物作用的结果,而颗粒细化所导致的粘滞力增加是复合材料熔体表观粘度增大的主要原因,随之引入的气体是另一个原因。      

FABRICATION OF SiCp-AI COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Liquid phase fabrication methods for aluminum matrix composites reinforced with SiC whiskers, or SiC particles have been investigated and the mechanical properties of fabricated composites have been evaluated. Three kinds of liquid phase fabrication methods; hot extrusion, hot pressing and pressure infiltration, were studied. Commercial SiC whiskers and SiC powders of alpha type and beta type were used as the reinforcements for an aluminum matrix. Among the fabrication methods investigated, the best results were achieved by the pressure infiltration. The mechanical properties and the wear resistance of the fabricated composites were measured. The SiC whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composites have high strength, so that they can be used as high specific strength materials. The SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites are not strong as the SiC whisker reinforced composites. However, the SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites have a good potential for use as wear resistant material. The hardening effect of beta type particles on the aluminum matrix was larger than that of alpha type particles.     

激光熔覆TiCp／Ni基合金复合涂层中TiCp的行为

通过激光熔覆TiCp/Ni基合金复合涂层微观组织的研究表明,TiC颗粒在熔覆过程中表面发生部分溶解,当凝固时,溶解的部分TiC在残留TiC颗粒上重新外延生长析出,并与基体合金元素产生附加合金化,同时,TiC颗粒成为从激光熔体凝固各相优先形核的基底;TiC颗粒与凝固前沿间的相互作用控制其微观分布。