新型液态三官能团脂环族环氧化物的合成及性质

合成一种新型的脂环族三官能团环氧化物1，1-双（2，3环氧环己基氧甲基）-3，4-环氧环己烷（Ⅱ）及其母体1，1-双（2-环己烯基氧甲基）-3-环己烯。它的化学结构己被红外光谱，元素分析及氢核磁共振所验证。当使用1，3，5-三乙基六氢-均-三嗪作促进剂，4-甲基六氢苯二甲酸酐为固化剂时，Ⅱ可以很容易被固化。固化物的物理性质用热机械分析、热解质量分析法及动态机械分析来检测。在同样固化条件下，将Ⅱ与巳商业化的二环氧化物ERL-4221作比较。Ⅱ的固化物有较高的玻璃化温度（198℃），较高的交联密度（2.08×10^-3mol/cm^3)及较低的热膨胀系数（6.2×10^5/℃），Ⅱ在现代微电子应用中将是一种非常有前景的封装材料。     

(Ca1-xSrx)[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]3+δ陶瓷微波介电特性

研究了A位Sr2 取代对(Ca1-xSrx)[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]3 δ(0.0≤x≤0.2,CSLNZ)陶瓷的微观结构及微波介电特性的影响.当0≤x≤20%(摩尔分数)时,体系为单一钙钛矿相,随Sr2 含量的增加,介电常数和谐振频率温度系数增大,而品质因素先增大,x=0.05时,开始下降.用键价理论分析了谐振频率温度系数随B位键价的变化关系.当Sr2 含量为5%(摩尔分数)时,陶瓷微波介电性能最佳:εr=32.5,Qf=13500GHz,τf=-2.4×10-6/℃.     

正交结构LiGaS2的合成及表征

为了获得高纯单相LiGaS2多晶原料,采用LiGa与S化合法合成LiGaS2,并与传统的单质直接合成法相对比.利用垂直长石英管作为反应器,采用X射线衍射和Raman光谱对其结构进行表征,同时利用差热–热重分析和紫外光谱对其热性能和光学性能进行研究.研究表明:采用LiGa与S化合法可以获得单相、均一的LiGaS2多晶材料;LiGaS2中的Li–S键平均力常数为fLi-S=16.0 N/m,Ga–S键平均力常数为fGa-S=39.6 N/m;LiGaS2多晶料的熔点为1 020℃,温度低于1 100℃,样品很稳定,没有分解现象;白色样品、黄色样品和灰色样品的紫外吸收边分别为323,435和496 nm.     

基片温度对强流脉冲离子束烧蚀等离子体沉积类金刚石薄膜结构和性能的影响

利用强流脉冲离子束 (High intensitypulsedionbeam HIPIB)烧蚀等离子体技术在Si(1 0 0 )基体上沉积类金刚石 (Dia mond likecarbon DLC)薄膜 ,基片温度的变化范围从 2 5℃ (室温 )到 40 0℃。利用Raman谱、X射线光电子谱 (XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜 (AFM)研究基片温度对DLC薄膜的化学结合状态、表面粗糙度、薄膜显微硬度和薄膜内应力的影响。根据XPS和Raman谱分析得出 ,基片温度低于 30 0℃时 ,sp3C杂化键的含量大约在 40 %左右 ;从 30 0℃开始发生sp3C向sp2 C的石墨化转变。随着沉积薄膜时基片温度的提高 ,DLC薄膜中sp3C的含量降低 ,由 2 5℃时 42 .5 %降到 40 0℃时 8.1 % ,XRD和AFM分析得出 ,随着基片温度的增加 ,DLC薄膜的表面粗糙度增大 ,薄膜的纳米显微硬度降低 ,摩擦系数提高 ,内应力降低。基片温度为 1 0 0℃时沉积的DLC薄膜的综合性能最好 ,纳米显微硬度 2 2GPa ,表面粗糙度为 0 75nm ,摩擦系数为 0 .1 1 0。     

酚醛环氧丙烯酸酯的合成及动力学分析

用 N,N-二甲基苯胺作催化剂 ,合成了酚醛环氧丙烯酸酯。通过酸值 ( L K)和环氧值 ( L E)的测定 ,研究了反应时间、反应温度、反应物配比及催化剂用量对丙烯酸 ( AA)转化率的影响和反应机理 ,找到了合成的最佳条件 :环氧基 /丙烯酸 ( [E]0 / [A]0 ) =1/ 0 .75,反应温度 80℃ ,反应时间 3h,催化剂用量 2 % ,丙烯酸转化率 (α)可达到 96%以上。该反应是一级动力学反应 ,活化能 67.9k J/ mol,频率因子 1.4 4× 10 6s-1。     

MnO_2对BiFeO_3掺杂PZT-PFW-PMN陶瓷的电性能与温度特性研究

采用传统工艺制备了PbZrO_3-PbTiO_3-Pb(Fe_(2/3)W_(1/3))O_-Pb(Mn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-BiFeO_3(简称PZT-PFW-PMN-BF)四元系压电陶瓷.研究了MnO_2掺杂对PZT-PFW-PMN-BF陶瓷的显微结构、烧结温度、电性能与温度稳定性的影响.结果表明,当MnO_2的掺杂量为0.10 wt%时,陶瓷的烧结温度从1020℃降到了950℃,并得到了较好的综合性能和温度特性,分别为d_(33)=394 pC/N,K_p=0.54,Q_m=1180、ε_r=1480,△f_r/f_(r25℃)=1.68%和△K_p/K_(p25℃)=-1.06%.     

CaZr_(1-x)In_xO_(3-α)(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15)质子导体的电学性能

采用固相反应法在1400℃合成了CaZr1-xInxO3-α(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15)陶瓷粉体,在空气中1550℃,10 h对材料进行二次烧结.XRD物相分析结果确定合成后的样品中有CaZrO3和微量CaIn2O4存在.实验在600～850℃含水氩气中测量了样品的交流阻抗谱,计算出其电导率随温度变化的规律和电导激活能.在800℃时,CaZr1-xInxO3-α的电导率分别为4.64×10-7 S/cm(x=0)、3.06×10-4 S/cm(x=0.05)、3.89×10-4 S/cm(x=0.10)、3.93×10-4 S/cm(x=0.15).研究结果表明:对CaZrO3掺In能显著提高材料的电导率,降低电导激活能,掺杂量x0.1时,电导率增加变缓,并且电导率随温度的升高而增大.研究得到CaZr1-xInxO3-α的电导率与掺杂量的关系式.     

基片温度对脉冲激光沉积CNx薄膜的组织结构和摩擦学性能的影响

采用脉冲激光烧蚀氮化碳薄膜靶,在室温至450℃基片温度下制备了CNx薄膜.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子谱仪和拉曼光谱仪等对薄膜的形貌、结晶性和结合键状态进行了表征.采用球-盘式摩擦仪测试了薄膜在大气中(相对湿度60％～62％)的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:所得CNx薄膜均呈非晶状态,表面形貌与基片温度无关.随着基片温度的升高,薄膜含氮量由原子分数25.3％下降至21.2％,膜中sp3C-C键的含量增加且在300℃时达到最高,N-sp3C键的含量下降且在150℃时最高;拉曼谱中ID/IG比值上升,G峰蓝移且半高宽下降,薄膜结构有序度升高-石墨化程度增加;薄膜的摩擦系数从0.23下降至0.13,磨损率从3.0× 10-15 m3N-1m-1上升至9.3×10-15 m3N-1m-1.     

磁控溅射非晶CNx薄膜的热稳定性研究

为了研究非晶CNx薄膜的热稳定性,采用射频磁控溅射方法沉积了非晶CNx薄膜样品,并在真空中退火至900℃,利用FTIR,Raman和XPS谱探讨了高温退火对CNx薄膜化学成分及键合结构的影响.研究表明:CNx薄膜样品中N原子分别与sp、sp2和sp3杂化状态的C原子相结合,退火处理极大地影响了CN键合结构的稳定性;当退火温度低于600℃时,膜内N含量的损失较少,CNx薄膜的热稳定性较好,退火温度超过600℃时,将导致CNx膜中大多数C、N间的键合分离,造成N大量损失,膜的热稳定性下降;退火可促使膜内sp3型键向sp2型键转变,在膜中形成大量的sp2型C键,导致CNx膜的石墨化.     

制备工艺对PMN-PNN-PZT四元系压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

通过二次合成工艺制备了0.25 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.15Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-zPbZrO3-wPbTiO3四元系压电陶瓷,其中w/z=1.6～1.65.研究了合成温度、烧结温度和极化等制备工艺对材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明:在合成温度为1050℃/860℃,烧结温度为1180℃,极化场强为5000V/mm时,材料具有良好的综合性能,其各项主要参数为:d33=(610～633)pC/N,Tc=234～235℃,εT33/ε0=3950～4015,Qm=81,Kp=0.63～0.66,tanδ=(1.7～2.0)%.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.