分叉型一体式覆膜支架腔内治疗肾下型腹主动脉瘤的疗效

目的:探讨应用分叉型一体式覆膜支架腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤和髂动脉瘤的疗效。方法:回顾分析采用分叉型一体式覆膜支架治疗的20例肾下型腹主动脉瘤和髂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果:20例患者植入分叉型一体式覆膜支架的手术成功率达100%,无围手术期死亡患者,且所有患者均未出现各类缺血性并发症。8例患者术后存在少量内漏(6例Ⅰ型内漏,2例Ⅲ型内漏),1周后内漏消失;1例患者术后发生急性肝肾功能不全,经内科治疗1周后恢复;2例患者术后出现腹股沟切口淋巴瘘,经换药愈合。平均随访15个月,所有患者未出现新的内漏和支架移位。1例患者术后1年在左侧分支支架内形成血栓,左侧髂动脉局部无血流,经导管接触溶栓治疗1 d后实现血管再通。结论:应用分叉型一体式覆膜支架腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤安全有效。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后瘤腔大小改变的影响因素分析

目的：由于各种影响腹主动脉瘤（AAA）腔内修复术后（EVAR）瘤腔大小的因素仍不清楚。作者将腹主动脉瘤瘤腔直径在腔内修复术（EVAR）手术一年后的CT图像与术前直径进行比较。方法接受EVAR的患者根据腹主动脉治疗后病变的大小变化,分为以下三组：收缩（缩小〉6mm）组,扩大（扩张〉6mm）组,无变化（6mm内的改变）组。收集包括患者的背景,实验室数据,使用的设备,药物,解剖特点,以及存在/不存在术后内漏进行检测。结果68例患者中23例被排除。收缩组17例患者,无变化组28例患者,同时趋于显示AAA瘤腔的收缩与较高的术前AAA血栓面积率呈现正相关（P=0.05）。本资料中无其他变量影响瘤腔大小的变化。此外,内漏的存在表明瘤腔收缩的干扰。结论较高的AAA血栓面积率常与AAA瘤腔收缩相关联。     

肾下型腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后并发截瘫1例护理

正肾下型腹主动脉瘤(infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm,IAAA)是最常见的大动脉疾病~([1])。目前,常见手术方式包括开放手术下人工血管置换术和腔内修复术(endovascular repair,EVAR)。脊髓缺血(spinal cord ischemia,SCI)、截瘫为动脉瘤术后罕见却是灾难性的并发症,文献报道多见于胸腹主动脉瘤开放术后~([2-3]),而在肾下型腹主动脉瘤EVAR术后极其少见。长征医院血管外科于2014年2月17日收治1例肾下型腹主动脉瘤患者,EVAR术后并发脊髓缺血、截瘫。     

超声造影在腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后随访的应用价值

目的:比较腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术(EVAR)后超声造影与CT血管造影(CTA)的表现,探讨超声造影在腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后随访中的应用价值。方法:选取2019年1月—2023年10月于佛山市第一人民医院行腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术并进行术后随访的17例患者为研究对象,均行腹主动脉超声造影及CTA检查,观察腹主动脉并判断是否存在内漏,以及内漏的类型。结果:超声造影诊断EVAR术后内漏的特异度为100.00%(13/13),灵敏度为75.00%(3/4),准确率为94.12%(16/17),超声造影与CTA诊断EVAR术后内漏的一致性良好(Kappa值=0.821)。结论:超声造影诊断内漏的特异度、灵敏度高,与CTA诊断具有较高的一致性,超声造影对EVAR术后内漏评估准确可靠,不良反应小,具有较高的应用价值。     

肾下型腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后并发截瘫的护理1例

肾下型腹主动脉瘤(infrarenalSabdominalSaorticSaneurysmS,IAAA)是最常见的大动脉疾病【1】。目前,常见手术方式包括开放手术下人工血管置换术和腔内修复术(endovascularSrepair,EVAR)。脊髓缺血(spinal cord ischemia,SCI)、截瘫为动脉瘤术后罕见但灾难性的并发症S,文献报道多见于胸腹主动脉瘤开放术后【2、3】,而在肾下型腹主动脉瘤EVAR术后极其少见。     

腔内隔绝术治疗胸腹主动脉瘤的临床应用

目的探讨腔内隔绝术治疗胸腹主动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法2000年5月～2004年10月,采用腔内隔绝术治疗胸腹主动脉瘤7例,其中4例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤、1例胸主动脉假性动脉瘤、2例肾下型腹主动脉瘤,术后随访采用彩超和增强CT检查。结果7例病人共成功置入10个支架。随访2～28个月,所有支架位置、形态正常。4例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成。1例胸主动脉假性动脉瘤和2例肾下型腹主动脉瘤的瘤体缩小。2例术后出现微小内漏,分别在2个月、6个月后内漏自行封闭,1例术后出现髂外动脉夹层经PTA和Wallstent治疗。结论腔内隔绝术能有效治疗胸腹主动脉瘤,具有创伤小、疗效确切和并发症少等优点。     

国产一体式分叉型覆膜支架治疗腹主动脉瘤的临床评价

目的探讨国产一体式分叉型覆膜支架治疗腹主动脉瘤的临床疗效、并发症的防治、术中注意事项。方法对14例经CTA检查确诊腹主动脉瘤的患者,给予一体式分叉型覆膜支架植入行腔内隔绝术。结果 14例手术成功,其中有3例造影示有上端Ⅰ型内漏,1例安置Cuff,内漏消失。另2例3个月后复查CTA,内漏消失。所有病例无严重并发症,随访2年,支架位置、形态良好,无移位、内漏。结论 一体式分叉型覆膜支架腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤具有成功率高、创伤小、恢复快等特点,且手术更简便,支架稳定性更高。     

高帧频超声造影在腹主动脉瘤EVAR术后Ⅱ型内漏评估中的应用

目的探讨高帧频超声造影（H-CEUS）对腹主动脉瘤血管腔内覆膜支架植入术（EVAR）术后Ⅱ型内漏来源动脉的显示价值。 方法收集四川大学华西医院2020年5月至8月的EVAR术后患者9例,所有的患者常规超声均怀疑Ⅱ型内漏。使用迈瑞Resona 7超声仪,分别用常规超声、传统超声造影（CEUS）及H-CEUS进行评估,观察有无内漏并寻找内漏的来源动脉,测量血流速度。由1名有经验的超声医师做传统的CEUS和H-CEUS检查,观察支架及瘤腔显影时间,计算显影时间差及寻找来源动脉。留存动态及静态图像,由另外2名有经验的超声医师回顾信息,根据2种造影来源动脉的可辨识度及图像质量情况进行评分。采用配对样本t检验比较入瘤腔方向峰值流速和出瘤腔方向最大流速的差异;采用非参数检验的Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较传统CEUS对来源动脉成像质量评分与H-CEUS成像质量评分的差异。 结果瘤体大小平均（5.2±1.1）cm,并且所有患者瘤体无明显长大。1例患者术后3个月时内漏自愈。9例患者中1例患者CEUS及H-CEUS未见内漏,即常规超声检查呈假阳性,8例患者常规超声检查发现的内漏经CEUS证实。8例患者内漏均为Ⅱ型内漏,其中3例来源于单支动脉,余5例为2支动脉以上的内漏。内漏来源于肠系膜下动脉和（或）腰动脉。彩色多普勒超声发现13支动脉来源动脉,但CEUS发现15支来源动脉。内漏来源动脉图像质量评分中位数：传统CEUS为1.0分,H-CEUS为3.0分,两者比较差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.035,P=0.002）。 结论在EVAR术后Ⅱ型内漏的诊断中,H-CEUS较传统CEUS能更能清晰地显示来源动脉。     

腔内修复术治疗破裂性腹主动脉瘤的疗效及技巧探讨

目的观察腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗破裂性腹主动脉瘤(RAAA)的疗效,并探讨手术经验与技巧。方法 2009年1月—2013年12月收治的RAAA患者12例,均于全身麻醉后行EVAR,经一侧股动脉穿刺置管造影,沿肾动脉下方通过输送器植入支架。结果 12例患者中,8例(66.67%)植入分叉型人工血管内支架,4例(33.33%)植入直型支架;平均手术时间(170.35±15.34)min,平均出血量和输血量分别为(92.55±8.67)m L和(301.58±16.39)m L。术中无死亡病例,术后2例(16.67%)死亡;主要并发症为心律失常、肺部感染、肾功能损害等,并发症总发生率58.33%;1例(10.00%)患者于术后26个月出现Ⅰa型内漏,再次行栓塞治疗。结论 EVAR是RAAA的有效救治方式,术前血管造影检查对保证手术效果至关重要。     

下行双导丝技术在复杂腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗中的应用

目的 探讨下行双导丝技术在复杂腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术（EVAR）中操作要点和应用价值.方法 回顾2007年7月至2011年10月14例复杂腹主动脉患者采用下行双导丝技术经双侧股动脉植入覆膜支架,对腹主动脉瘤进行腔内支架治疗.结果 14例手术获成功,手术时间为2～3 h,其中1例术后出现单侧下肢缺血：随访3～24月,14例均生存良好,未发生支架移位、严重内漏及肾功能衰竭等严重并发症.结论 下行双导丝技术在腔内支架治疗复杂解剖形态腹主动脉瘤中,具有操作时问短、操作容易、安全性高等优点,值得推广.     

Endovascular iliac branch devices for iliac aneurysms

The evolution of endovascular techniques has increased the proportion of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms suitable for treatment with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Developments in fenestrated and branched technology provide an endovascular solution to incorporate the visceral branches and iliac arteries into the repair, expanding the indications of EVAR. Iliac branch devices (IBDs) allow preservation of flow into one or both internal iliac arteries in patients with ectatic or aneurysmal iliac arteries. The technique has been performed with high technical success rates and no added morbidity and mortality as compared with standard EVAR, potentially decreasing pelvic ischemic complications associated with hypogastric exclusion. This article summarizes the state of the art on IBD design, procedure planning, implantation, and clinical results.     

Clinical outcomes of hypogastric artery occlusion for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Purpose: To determine the midterm outcomes of internal iliac artery (IIA) coverage by a stent-graft in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) under specific anatomic and technical circumstances.

Material and methods: From January 2003 until January 2014, 57 patients with aortoiliac aneurysms, including 20 with 24 IIA aneurysms (IIAAs), underwent EVAR with IIA coverage. IIAA diameter change or IIA thrombosis, buttock claudication, type II endoleak, and secondary interventions related to the IIA were studied.

Results: Twenty-five of the 37 patients without IIAA were embolized prior to stent-graft placement, all unilateral, and in 12, the IAA orifice was only overstented. Buttock claudication occurred in only nine (20%) of the embolization patients (9/49 IIA’s) (p?=?.14), while one IIA-related type II endoleak, occurred in the nonembolization group (p?=?.16). In patients with IIAA(s), the aneurysm diameter decreased in 16 cases (67%). Buttock claudication occurred in 75% of bilateral, and in 14.6% of unilateral embolizations (p?=?.046).

Conclusions: Carefully selected patients with aortoiliac aneurysm without IIAA may safely undergo hypogastric artery overstenting without preemptive embolization during EVAR. IIA embolization is associated with buttock claudication and should be avoided if possible. Otherwise, at least one IIA should be preserved.     

A patient with lower extremity weakness after recent endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm

BackgroundThrombosis of an endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a devastating complication of a common surgical procedure that can lead to serious morbidity and mortality if not promptly recognized. This is the first case report of an EVAR graft thrombosis in the emergency medicine literature.Case reportWe present a case of a patient with lower extremity paraplegia secondary to thrombosis of an EVAR graft who presented to the emergency room with acute stroke-like symptoms after a recent EVAR procedure. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurisms is becoming more frequent, and an increased number of patients with recent abdominal aortic aneurism repair by endovascular grafts will be evaluated by emergency physicians in the future. Emergency physicians should be aware that signs of limb ischemia, which may masquerade as acute ischemic stroke-like symptoms, is one of the more serious complications that can occur with abdominal aortic vascular grafts. Among patients with lower extremity neurological deficits in the recent setting of EVAR presenting to an emergency department, there should be a high degree of suspicion for EVAR graft thrombosis, which can be diagnosed via the gold standard of CT angiography or ultrasonography. Prompt vascular surgery consultation is essential to minimize permanent disability.     

改良大动脉覆膜支架腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层

背景:常规的覆膜支架治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层手术繁杂,并发症发生率较高,其操作技术有增加夹层破口破裂的风险.目的:应用改良的大动脉覆膜支架和创新的介入治疗方法腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,观察其疗效和安全性.设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例分析,病例来自2006-10/2009-03赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科.对象:选择赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科收治的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者30例,均为男性,年龄43～70(53.5±12.8)岁.发病时间为5～45 d不等.方法:全部病例选用细钢丝捆绑的覆膜支架和创新输送及释放支架的方法,对降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mn的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,可选用分支型大动脉覆膜支架.主要观察指标:支架置入成功后复行主动脉造影,了解覆膜支架位置,形态,夹层破口封闭和内漏以及主动脉弓分支血管通畅情况:观察术后并发症情况.术后行磁共振检查随访支架情况,有无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结果:30例共置入33枚细钢丝捆绑覆膜支架,其中4例因降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mm而置入分支型支架;5例支架置入后出现明显内漏,3例予球囊扩张,2例再置入1枚支架后内漏消失;1例患者置入后3个月支架远端出现新的破裂口而再置入1枚支架成功,3例出现右下肢麻木症状,1例出现右下肢间歇性跛行.所有患者置入后3～32个月随访行磁共振检查示假腔缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结论:采用细钢丝捆绑大动脉覆膜支架、创新输送和释放支架方法治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,具有技术操作容易、可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高、并发症少等优点,尤其适用于高危患者.     

微创腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉病变

目的总结微创腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉病变的经验及近中期效果。方法分析总结本院2004年4月至2008年11月行腔内隔绝术27例患者的临床资料,其中急性Stanford“B”型夹层分离16例,降主动脉假性动脉瘤11例（包括5例外伤性降主动脉假性动脉瘤、5例降主动脉穿透性溃疡及1例感染性降主动脉假性动脉瘤）。结果26例患者手术获得成功,1例外伤性降主动脉完全断裂患者,因导丝无法进入升主动脉真腔,微创手术失败,转开胸手术行降主动脉替换。腔内隔绝术成功26例,术后降主动脉破口均立刻消失,真腔扩大。术后早期死亡1例（于术后2周死于胃溃疡大出血）;发生Ⅰ型内漏2例,Ⅱ型内漏1例;无术后截瘫、感染、远端血管损伤栓塞等并发症。腔内隔绝术成功26例患者中25例治愈出院。术后随访1个月～4年,覆膜支架通畅,无移位,真腔扩大,假腔缩小或消失。术后3个月CT复查,2例Ⅰ型内漏中1例内漏完全消失,1例内漏减轻（继续随访中）,1例Ⅱ型内漏无变化。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford“B”型夹层动脉瘤及降主动脉假性动脉瘤创伤小,安全可靠,近中期疗效确切。     

Long-term follow-up after endovascular aneurysm repair: is ultrasound alone enough?

In the last decade, endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become the preferred method for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with suitable anatomy. EVAR offers the advantage of lower perioperative morbidity and mortality but carries the cost of device-related complications such as endoleak, graft migration, graft thrombosis, and structural graft failure. These complications mandate a lifelong surveillance of EVAR patients and their endografts. Since the advent of EVAR, this has largely been accomplished with serial computed tomography (CT). There is, however, increasing awareness of the risks and costs of a lifelong CT imaging mandate, which has led to several cohort analyses comparing CT with color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the evaluation of the endograft and aneurysm sac post-EVAR. This review will summarize the findings of these reports and highlight the results of recent ultrasound-based surveillance strategies.     

Postoperative radiology of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

This article addresses the imaging appearances following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). EVAR is gaining popularity and hence there is increasing likelihood that radiologists who are unfamiliar with the procedure will report imaging investigations on these patients. We describe the technique, failure modes, complications, and postoperative imaging features of this procedure.     

Use of endoluminal aortic stent-grafts for the repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abdominal aortic aneurysms affect approximately 1.5% of the United States population. Randomized trials recommend repair when the maximal aneurysm diameter is 5.5 cm or greater. Since the first report of this technique in 1991, endovascular repair has become the preferred method for elective therapy of AAA disease. This has been a direct result of reported decreased hospital length of stay, reduced patient recovery time and improved survival. The application of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) requires a thorough understanding of aneurysm anatomy, which is critical for appropriate patient selection. In particular the surgeon must be familiar with device-related criteria for proximal fixation and distal fixation as well as access vessels size, tortuosity, and calcification which can often be the limiting factor in the application of EVAR. Although the reported results of EVAR indicate significant advantages when compared with conventional open repair, it is critical to have an understanding of the particular complications associated with EVAR. The development of endoleaks, reports of stent migration and stent fracture as well as the development of limb stenosis and/or occlusion have been reported in up to 20% of patients treated with EVAR and thus necessitate appropriate long-term surveillance protocols.     

Endoluminal repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms

Endoluminal repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) offers an attractive alternative to open surgical repair. Early experience has shown that endoluminal repair can be performed safely, with low morbidity and mortality rates. Data from non-randomised studies have demonstrated that the endoluminal technique has certain advantages when compared with open repair in carefully selected patients. These include shorter hospital stay, decreased use of intensive-care beds and lower blood loss. The major drawback to endoluminal repair is the durability of the stent grafts. Registers of endoluminal devices have shown that, even after successful repair, new endoleaks may occur after apparently successful deployment and the transverse diameter of the aneurysm may continue to expand, even in the absence of an endoleak. Some of the devices have developed problems with the integrity of either the stent or its graft covering, which could result in aneurysm rupture. Manufacturers have recently been criticised for not releasing data on adverse events. No randomised trials comparing endoluminal with open repair of infrarenal AAA have yet been performed, however, financial support has recently been granted for a multicentre UK study (endovascular aneurysm repair — EVAR). This trial will randomise patients who are deemed fit for operation to either open repair or endovascular repair (EVAR 1) and patients regarded as unfit to best medical treatment, or best medical treatment with endovascular repair (EVAR 2).     

Deformation of self-expanding stent-grafts complicating endovascular peripheral aneurysm repair.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the deformation of self-expandable stents after endovascular repair of peripheral aneurysms. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Corvita Endoluminal Graft was used to treat a traumatic false aneurysm of the right subclavian artery and a common iliac artery aneurysm in 2 patients. In the subclavian case, the stent-graft showed a "cigar-shaped" deformation with hemodynamically significant stenoses at the proximal and distal ends at 3 months. In the second case, the same type of deformity was noted only 1 day after implantation. Two months later, the stent-graft occluded, necessitating surgical repair. CONCLUSIONS: Both cases demonstrate the possibility of stent deformation of self-expanding stent-grafts implanted at arterial sites not subject to external compression.