受运动伪影干扰PPG序列的优质信号提取算法

为了解决可穿戴设备中,由于运动伪影干扰带来的光电容积脉搏波(PPG)信号不稳定,导致生理参数计算错误的问题,提出了一种可以在PPG序列中提取优质、无干扰信号的算法,该算法具有计算量小、抗干扰能力强的优点。首先对采集到的PPG序列进行带通滤波和降噪;之后采用峰度、偏度指标判断是否有运动伪影存在;然后采用滑窗算法对滤波后的PPG信号进行特征提取,寻找主波波峰、重搏波波峰;最后,采用方差判别法对特征值进行进一步筛选,用于提取连续的无干扰PPG信号。设计了波长为905和660 nm的反射式生理参数计算系统,在系统中实现了该算法,使用采集到的受干扰PPG信号进行血氧饱和度和血压计算实验,证明了本算法可以有效提取PPG序列中的优质信号,提高了生理参数的计算精度。     

基于改进的维奥拉积分方法提取心音信号包络

心音是评价人体心脏功能的重要生理信号之一,分析心音信号特征对心脏疾病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义。分别采用希尔伯特黄变换、归一化香农能量以及维奥拉积分方法提取心音信号的特征包络,并针对维奥拉积分法存在的不足,结合香农能量方法可抑制高、低强度信号的特性,提出了一种改进的心音信号特征包络提取方法,最后采用阈值法实现了对心音信号的分段。采用改进的维奥拉积分方法对55例心音信号提取特征包络并进行分段处理,经验证该方法能有效的提取心音信号特征包络,对正常信号分段正确率达到了100%,异常信号分段正确率平均达到了95.32%,适合于心音信号分段。     

基于匹配追踪稀疏分解的电能质量扰动检测

根据基于冗余字典的匹配追踪(MP)信号分解思想,提出一种电能质量扰动信号的参数检测与特征波形提取方法。在MP算法的每次迭代中,首先采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)搜索能量最大的频率成分,然后采用基于离散Gabor原子中心区域的简化内积计算方法获得扰动参数的估计值,并以该估计值作为初始解,采用BFGS算法做局部搜索,进而获得精确匹配参数,并结合基于递归的内积计算确定扰动的起止时刻,最后根据电力信号扰动波形特点,设计合成字典,确定与扰动成分最匹配的波形。对单一和混合电能质量扰动信号的分解实验表明,该方法可以实现扰动参数的快速精确检测,进而有效提取扰动特征波形,并具有较好的抗噪性能。     

一种单相异步电动机调速系统

介绍了一种使用双向可控硅调压的小功率交流闭环调速系统。详细说明系统各组成部分及原理．并根据单相异步电动机的启动特性，设计出一种将双极性信号变为单极性信号并解出方向信号的控制电路。     

基于自适应梯度盲源分离算法的胎儿心电提取

梯度算法是盲源分离信号分析中的主要算法之一.本文首先介绍了算法的基本原理及其自适应改进,并用4种生理信号对改进算法的性能进行了仿真研究;将该算法应用于母体心电等强干扰条件下胎儿心电信号的提取.研究结果表明,相对于传统的批处理算法,自适应梯度盲分离算法具有更好的性能与鲁棒性,能够将采集的混合信号分解为信源统计独立的不同独立分量,最终通过信号重构在体表电极处获得清晰的胎儿心电信号.自适应梯度盲源分离算法在生理信号的分解和重构提取研究中是一种有潜力的工具.     

基于斜率差的激光雷达环境特征提取方法

在利用激光雷达获取数据进行特征提取时,大多采用迭代计算的方法,且对阈值敏感,计算复杂度高,计算量较大。针对该问题,提出了一种通过计算相邻扫描点的斜率差进行直线段分割与特征点提取的算法。通过实验验证,该算法在直线段分割和特征点提取方面可以获得与手工分割相同的结果,而且对阈值不敏感。与实际测量结果的对比分析结果表明,该算法无论是提取特征线段的长度还是斜率均可获得较高的正确率。     

基于线阵CCD的直立智能车路径动态提取算法

在直立智能车循迹竞赛过程中,可以利用线阵CCD进行赛道状态检测。因为直立智能车在赛道上前进时,赛道的光线环境在时刻发生着变化;赛道边界状态与CCD扫描线的夹角也在时刻发生变化,这对提取赛道信息带来了较大的影响。经过对问题的分析,采用了一种新的赛道边界提取算法提取赛道信息,同时通过动态阈值法和环境光线自适应法来提高系统对环境变化的适应性。实验结果表明,将以上方法应用于直立智能车控制系统后,智能车运行稳定性明显提高。     

基于功能近红外光谱的多生理脑力疲劳检测

脑力疲劳会引起人机系统绩效下降甚至引起安全事故,因此实时检测疲劳状态具有重要意义。虽然关于脑力疲劳检测的研究较多,但仍未有统一生理标准。由于疲劳的复杂性,多生理检测法已经成为一种趋势,但是会增大设备复杂度。功能近红外光谱能够通过测量人大脑皮层的血氧活动而间接反映脑认知功能,近红外信号中的心动和呼吸信号属于生理活动的敏感信息,但是常被作为干扰去除,因此造成了信息丢失。为增强近红外的生理信息含量并建立多生理疲劳检测模型,从近红外信号中提取出心动和呼吸作为新的敏感特征,并结合均值斜率等常规特征构建基于支持向量机的脑力疲劳检测模型。研究采用60 min 2-back任务诱导疲劳状态,利用近红外测量了15名被试包括前额(PFC)共计10个通道的脑皮层近红外信号。研究结果证实了提取出的心动和呼吸特征对疲劳敏感,且增大了疲劳识别的准确性(84%→90%)。因此,所建立的模型能够有效地检测脑力疲劳并且降低了多生理脑力疲劳检测设备的复杂度。     

基于线阵CCD高速目标信号提取

根据信号检测与提取的理论,结合所采集到的实弹弹丸图像信息,提出了一种利用互相关图像法提取目标信号的改进算法。实验表明,互相关图像法对于高速目标信号的提取有大幅的提升,使得相关算法有更广泛的应用范围。     

激光视觉传感的焊缝成形测量

利用线激光视觉传感技术测量焊缝成形尺寸,关键在于准确提取焊缝特征点。针对常用的斜率解析法与斜率截距法在提取复杂焊缝特征点时定位精度及稳定性较低的问题,在常规斜率截距法的基础上,提出一种改进的焊缝特征提取算法实现复杂焊缝特征点的识别。根据焊缝中心条纹寻找焊缝轮廓最高点,利用常规截距法提取焊缝候选特征点,根据焊缝最高点与候选特征点的几何关系确定焊缝特征点。试验结果表明,对于复杂焊缝改进后的算法提取的焊缝特征点精度及可靠性高于一般焊缝特征检测法,能有效提高焊缝特征点的检测精度及可靠性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...