基于频域信道信息的基站端估计终端移动速度方法

移动通信基站端为了更有效地进行模式切换，需要测量一些物理量，例如信号与干扰加噪声比(Signal to interference plus noise ratio,SINR)、用户的移动速度等。本文利用上行正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)系统中的解调参考信号（De-modulation reference signal，DMRS）频域信道信息，在计算自相关系数时引入修正因子和限制因子，有效地减小了噪声影响，并且使自相关系数计算公式适用于有或无直射径的不同信道条件。在不同信道模型和信噪比(Signal to noise ratio,SNR)下进行的仿真结果表明，本文方法可以稳定、准确地估计终端移动速度。     

基于稀疏谱拟合的超分辨方位估计

考虑到各阵元接收的实际环境噪声可能是相关的,以及风成噪声和远处航船噪声等因素的影响,环境噪声强度的空间分布可能具有方向性。利用非均匀环境噪声模型,结合稀疏谱拟合算法,提出了一种基于稀疏谱拟合的超分辨方位估计算法。该算法利用空间信号的稀疏性和线性噪声模型拟合误差的l2-范数联合最小化,实现非均匀环境噪声条件下的超分辨方位估计。通过计算机仿真讨论了正则参数和线性噪声模型阶数对算法性能的影响,海上试验结果表明了该算法较传统算法和稀疏谱拟合算法具有更低的旁瓣级和更好的方位分辨能力,同时有效验证了该算法在非均匀环境噪声背景下的超分辨方位估计性能。     

宽带信号波达方向估计算法的研究

相干信号子空间方法(CSM)一直是宽带信号波达方位(DOA)估计的研究热点.首先建立了宽带阵列信号处理的模型,在此基础上,分析了宽带高分辨方位估计在不同聚焦矩阵下的几种CSM算法.进行了计算机仿真试验,在理论上分析和比较了各种方法的性能,验证了宽带DOA估计算法的有效性.仿真结果表明,CSM方法具有良好的分辨性能,在低信噪比的条件下仍具有一定的分辨能力,但是需要进行方向的预估.     

一种低复杂度的线性离散码发射天线选择技术

为了充分利用多天线系统的性能增益,通过研究集中式MIMO(Multiple input multiple output)系统中最大化最小后验SNR (Signal to noise ratio)准则的局限性,提出了一种低复杂度的基于线性离散码的发射天线选择方案.然后分析了分布式MIMO系统中,移动台距不同基站间不同的大尺度衰落对信道特征值的影响,证明了所提天线选择准则在分布式系统中的有效性.仿真结果表明,在准静态信道环境下,所提天线选择准则具有比最大化最小后验SNR准则更好的性能,并且复杂度更低.     

全相位FFT相位测量法的抗噪性能

为研究全相位FFT(all-phase FFT,apFFT)测相方法的抗噪性能,本文不仅定性观察了不同信噪比(Signal to noise ratio,SNR)的噪声对apFFT的振幅谱图和相位谱图的影响,还定量分析了高斯噪声和量化噪声对测相性能的影响.并推导出apFFT测相方差的理论公式.仿真实验证明,apFFT测...     

基于卷积非负矩阵部分联合分解的强噪声单声道语音分离

非负矩阵部分联合分解(Nonnegative matrix partial co-factorization, NMPCF)将指定源频谱作为边信息参与混合信号频谱的联合分解, 以帮助确定指定源的基向量进而提高信号分离性能.卷积非负矩阵分解(Convolutive nonnegative matrix factorization, CNMF)采用卷积基分解的方法进行矩阵分解, 在单声道语音分离方面取得较好的效果.为了实现强噪声条件下的语音分离, 本文结合以上两种算法的优势, 提出一种基于卷积非负矩阵部分联合分解(Convolutive nonnegative partial matrix co-factorization, CNMPCF)的单声道语音分离算法.本算法首先通过基音检测算法得到混合信号的语音起始点, 再据此确定混合信号中的纯噪声段, 最后将混合信号频谱和噪声频谱进行卷积非负矩阵部分联合分解, 得到语音基矩阵, 进而得到分离的语音频谱和时域信号.实验中, 混合语音信噪比(Signal noise ratio, SNR)选择以-3 dB为间隔从0 dB至-12 dB共5种SNR.实验结果表明, 在不同噪声类型和噪声强度条件下, 本文提出的CNMPCF方法相比于以上两种方法均有不同程度的提高.     

基于稀疏化LS-SVM的宽频段波达方向估计

天线阵列的宽频段测向特性十分复杂,使采用智能学习的方法对波达方向进行估计时,面临着一个海量数据的复杂学习问题.采用LS-SVM建立来波方位估计模型,对LS-SVM的支持向量进行稀疏化,利用支持度高的支持向量作为训练样本,并通过二次学习获取了天线阵列的复杂测向能力,实现了宽频段波达方向的估计.实验结果表明,用稀疏化的支持向量进行二次学习,能显著提高来波方位估计的精度,在宽频段来波方位估计中有巨大的应用价值.     

基于部分采样点辅助校正OFDM信号的准无损压缩算法

传统的正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing，OFDM)信号压缩算法由于低的压缩比和低的信号量化误差比(Signal to quantization-error ratio,SQR)造成较高的误码率，无法满足OFDM系统的需求。为了实现高的压缩比和低的误码率,提出了一种联合削峰尾插(Clipping with tail plug,CTP)技术、几何级数压扩(Geometric series companding,GSC)技术及部分采样点校正(Partial sample calibration,PSC)技术的准无损压缩算法。计算机仿真结果表明，对于4096-正交幅度调制(Quadrature amplitude modulation,QAM)的OFDM信号，压缩比最高可达1.86∶1，误码率低于10-7，量化误差对应的平均SQR高达70 dB，因而能够很好地满足光纤到分配点+千兆数字用户线路(Fiber to the distribution point+GCga digital subscriber line,FTTdp+GDSL)系统的需求。     

星载合成孔径雷达回波信号模拟源研究

论述了星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)回波信号模拟源的一种实时实现方法和基于PCI总线与CPLD的硬件设计。主要针对点目标模型和椭圆轨道模型,首先模拟点目标的方位向相位历程和天线方位向增益数据。通过PCI总线实现数据实时传输,利用CPLD形成的延时信号,触发线性调频源产生距离向的线性调频信号,经过模拟源移相、加权,最终形成系统回波信号。试验结果表明该方法设计合理,软、硬件编程灵活,为系统的更新换代以及今后分布目标模拟源的设计提供了很好的技术支持。     

星载合成孔径雷达回波信号模拟源研究

论述了星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)回波信号模拟源的一种实时实现方法和基于PCI总线与CPLD的硬件设计。主要针对点目标模型和椭圆轨道模型,首先模拟点目标的方位向相位历程和天线方位向增益数据。通过PCI总线实现数据实时传输,利用CPLD形成的延时信号,触发线性调频源产生距离向的线性调频信号,经过模拟源移相、加权,最终形成系统回波信号。试验结果表明该方法设计合理,软、硬件编程灵活,为系统的更新换代以及今后分布目标模拟源的设计提供了很好的技术支持。     

Wide-swath SAR remote sensing using a multiaperture antenna with waveform diversity

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a well-proven remote-sensing technique; however, current single-antenna SAR systems cannot fulfil the increasing demands for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging. This paper proposes a multiaperture antenna with waveform diversity for wide-swath remote sensing. This approach employs a multiple-transmit multiple-receive antenna configuration in elevation and an orthogonal transmit waveform. In this way, multiple pairs of virtual beams directed to different subswaths can then be formed simultaneously. Equivalently, a large swath can be obtained. Furthermore, orthogonal frequency diversion multiplexing (OFDM) linearly frequency modulated (LFM) waveform and beamforming on reception are employed in this paper. The system scheme, signal model, processing algorithm, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and ambiguity-to-signal ratio (ASR) performance, including both azimuth and range dimensions, are investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain an improved range ambiguity suppression, thus enabling a wider swath for remote sensing.     

Vibration target detection and vibration parameters estimation based on the DPCA technique in dual-channel SAR

This paper proposes a new method based on the displaced phase center antenna(DPCA) technique for the detection and parameters estimation of vibration target in dual-channel synthetic aperture radar(SAR).The echo model of vibration target is established in dual-channel SAR according to the equivalent phase center principle.By accumulating the DPCA signal amplitude in the azimuth direction,we realize the vibration target detection in clutter and noise background.Through the analysis of DPCA signal amplitude and phase characteristics of vibration target,we then convert the vibration parameters estimation to estimation of a signal with the form of absolute value of a sine function,and the converting conditions is also given.Accordingly,an algorithm combining the Fourier transform with least squares is proposed for estimation.The simulation results show that the algorithm can estimate each vibration parameter precisely at a low signal-to-noise ratio.     

一种宽频带复合天线设计

针对多系统载体天线数量多的问题,提出了一种基于印刷振子结构的宽频带共口径复合天线设计方法;通过两种不同形式的印刷偶极子进行共口径设计：采用平面印刷偶极子结构完成宽带高增益线极化天线,通过宽带定向耦合器实现了天线和差方向图辐射;采用十字印刷偶极子实现低增益天线的圆极化辐射;两种天线单元印刷在同一微波介质上,通过优化天线单元布局,相对位置关系和增加金属隔离环等措施,降低天线之间的相互影响,实现共口径复合天线性能满足工程应用要求;加工了天线样机,测试结果表明线极化天线在工作频带1.2～1.8 GHz范围内和差通道电压驻波比小于1.8,和通道增益大于13.5 dBi,方位差波束零值深度小于-25 dB,圆极化天线在工作频带1.2～1.8 GHz范围内电压驻波比小于1.6,增益大于6.5 dBi,轴比小于2.5 dB,与计算结果基本一致;复合天线可以满足多种无线通信系统的需求,减少了天线数量,有效节省载体平台空间,同时具有结构简单紧凑、剖面低、易于工程实现等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于蜂群算法任意平面阵最大信干噪比研究

针对复杂战场环境下超短波电台天线接收低信噪比信号能力弱和易受定向干扰的缺陷,结合战场超短波电台不规则分布和位置不能任意改变的特点,提出任意结构天线阵信号接收模型,采用蜂群算法优化阵元相位使得天线阵输出信干噪比最大。假设信噪比为0 dB,干噪比为60 dB,且在平面内随机选取8个阵元,采用蜂群算法优化后输出信干噪比为8.633 dB。与改进差分进化算法、遗传算法和粒子群优化算法相比,分别提高了0.577 dB、1.124 dB和1.543 dB。研究成果可为超短波电台组阵通信提供参考。     

一种新的子空间投影抗干扰改进算法

子空间投影算法是一类重要的天线阵抗干扰算法。在强干扰环境下,子空间投影抗干扰算法能够有效抑制强干扰,但同时也会造成有用信号损耗。本文从天线阵列增益的角度出发,提出一种基于子空间投影的抗干扰新算法,以有效降低有用信号损耗。仿真实验结果证明,本文提出的新算法可使阵列输出载噪比至少提高1.2dB。     

Circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna fed by a cross aperture coupled spiral microstrip line

In this article, a circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna fed by a cross‐aperture coupled spiral microstrip line is investigated. A quarter wavelength section of microstrip line is positioned between each arm of the cross slot in a spiral form to generate the circular polarization. The prototype of proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured |S₁₁| and 3‐dB axial ratio frequency range is 31.74%, (2.65–3.65) GHz and 20%, (3.12–3.74) GHz, respectively and the measured total gain and left handed circularly polarized gain are 4.5 and 3.1 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna may be suitable for WiMAX applications.     

A cavity‐backed quad‐slot antenna with novel aperture‐coupled feed for circular polarization

This article describes a novel aperture‐coupled feed, for the excitation of a cavity‐backed quad‐slot antenna with circular polarization. Firstly, a quad‐slot cavity‐backed antenna with linear polarization (LP) is proposed. Then, a novel aperture‐coupled feed, which is composed of a cross‐shaped coupling aperture and a T‐shaped feeding microstrip line, will be applied to this LP antenna. By differing the lengths of the four radiation slots together with the novel aperture‐coupled feed, 90° phase difference and equal magnitude between the radiations from the two pairs of slots can be generated. As a result, a good performance of axial ratio will be achieved for the proposed antenna. A prototype is fabricated at Ka band for a demonstration. Investigations show that the antenna can present a minimum axial ratio (AR) of only about 0.37 dB, as well as a fractional AR bandwidth of about 0.94%. A relative high gain of 6.9 dBic at 32.1 GHz is also achieved for the prototype. The proposed substrate integrated cavity backed antenna with circularly polarization has great potential to be integrated into millimeter‐wave transceiver modules. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:588–594, 2016.     

Compact dual ports handheld RFID reader antenna with high isolation

A compact dual ports antenna with high isolation is proposed for handheld radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, which is rarely reported in open literatures. Different with conventional handheld RFID reader antenna with single port, the proposed antenna transmits and receives signal separately. The proposed antenna operating with full duplex mode can enhance effectively sensitivity of reader, as the strong transmitting signal of reader with single port is usually highly coupled with weak receiving backscatter signal of tag. The antenna utilizes aperture coupled patch structure that occupies less volume and provides further space‐saving efficiency. The height of the proposed antenna is only 5.1 mm and the volume of that is 80 ×80 × 5.1 mm³, which is easy to integrate in handheld RFID readers. The antenna uses four symmetric coupling apertures to excite two orthogonal modes for dual polarized operation. High isolation of around ?35 dB is obtained by proper arrangement of the length and position of the coupling apertures. The maximum measured return loss is ?39 dB at 2.4 GHz and isolation is ?47 dB at 2.4 GHz. The antenna is suitable for applications in handheld RFID readers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:548–555, 2015.     

High gain microstrip antenna design for broadband wireless applications

This article presents a new broadband microstrip antenna for personal communications systems (PCS) applications. Using multilayer substrate structure with aperture‐coupled feed, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna operating at 1.9‐GHz band is designed and experimentally validated. This antenna configuration uses a quarter‐wave transformer to enhance the matching between the feed transmission line and the antenna patch. To demonstrate the design procedure, a first experimental broadband microstrip antenna prototype is designed and implemented. To analyse its performance, measurements are carried out and good performances are achieved. However, this prototype has a low front‐to‐back ratio. To overcome this drawback, an optimization process is proposed, and a second prototype is designed and successfully realized. To examine the effect of the optimization, experimental investigations are carried out on the second prototype. Very good agreement is obtained between numerical and measured results. Experimental results indicate that the proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth of 21%, a gain of 9.5 dB, and a front‐to‐back ratio of 20 dB, which are very sufficient for broadband wireless applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 13, 511–517, 2003.     

Super-resolution imaging based on the BeiDou B3 signal

ABSTRACT

Using global navigation satellites to construct bi-static synthetic aperture radar for imaging has been a major research hotspot in passive radar. However, the low range resolution of Global Navigation Satellite signal (GNSS) limits the quality of actual scene imaging. To increase the range resolution of the imaging, a super-resolution imaging method by mixing the back-projection (BP) algorithm with truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) is proposed. This paper first introduces the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) signal model for ground imaging, carries out the range compression and describes the BP algorithm. Subsequently, the super-resolution method is given and some simulation results are demonstrated. Two field experimental cases, including targets of trees and ferries, are then carried out. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.