高效液相色谱法测定辣椒粉中的碱性橙

目的:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定辣椒粉中的碱性橙。方法:称取样品于50 ml塑料离心管中,加入10 ml提取液,超声、离心后,取上清液过膜进样。采用XDB-C18色谱柱(5μm,4.6×250 mm),流动相为乙腈+乙酸铵(75+25),流速1.0 ml/min,二极管阵列检测器检测。结果:碱性橙在1.0μg/ml～50.0μg/ml范围内线性良好(r=0.9992),且峰形较好,回收率为93.4%,精密度RSD=0.61%,最低检出限为0.3μg/ml。结论:高效液相色谱法测定辣椒粉中的碱性橙,方法定性准确、灵敏度高、回收率和重现性好,操作快速,结果准确可靠。     

二极管阵列反相高效液相色谱法测定人血清中维生素E含量

目的:建立二极管阵列反相高效液相色谱法(PDA-HPLC)测定人血清中维生素E(α)含量的方法。方法:吸取血清,加入甲醇乙腈混合溶液及正己烷,旋涡混合、离心,分离正己烷层,氮气吹干,残渣用甲醇溶解后进样。采用XDB-C8色谱柱(5μm,4.6×150 mm),流动相为甲醇,流速1.0 ml/min,二极管阵列检测器检测。结果:α-VE浓度在2.1~21.0μg/ml范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=5),样品加标平均回收率为98.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)<5%,最低检测量5 ng。结论:二极管阵列反相高效液相色谱法(PDA-HPLC)测定人血清中维生素E(α)含量的方法,定性准确,灵敏度高,回收率和重现性良好,操作快速、简便,结果准确可靠。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测水中五种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定水中五种拟除虫菊酯残留量的方法。方法:样品经过滤后进行反相高效液相色谱测定。色谱柱为W elch M aterials AQ-C185μm 250×4.6 mm,流动相为∶乙腈∶水=78∶22(V/V),流速为1.0 m l/m in,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为205 nm。结果:各组分分离良好,在0.050μg/m l~5.0μg/m l范围内具有良好的线性关系,其回收率在98%~102%之间。结论:该方法操作简便、快捷、可靠,可用于水中拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的检测。     

米酒中苯乙醇含量的高效液相色谱测定法

目的:建立测定米酒中β-苯乙醇的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法:应用高效液相色谱,C18色谱柱,以甲醇+水(55+45)为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min。二极管阵列检测器在210 nm波长下测定吸收值。结果:线性范围0.5μg/ml～50μg/ml,相关系数r=0.9999,最低检出浓度0.02μg/ml,三个浓度水平的样品加标回收率为95.2%～96.9%,相对标准偏差RSD均<3.0%。结论:该方法线性范围宽,相关性好,精密度高,准确度好,特异性强。     

HPLC-PDA法检验保健食品中的盐酸西布曲明

目的:以紫外检测器检测,根据色谱峰的绝对保留时间定性,对可疑阳性样品用二极管阵列检测器再定性,用外标法峰面积定量,建立保健食品中盐酸西布曲明的测定方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,Symmetry C18(4.6×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-水-三乙胺(75:25:0.1),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为223 nm。结果:其工作曲线的线性范围:10~200μg/ml,相关系数:r=0.9999,回收率:97.07%,RSD:1.39%。结论:方法准确、可靠,可用于保健品中盐酸西布曲明的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定工作场所空气中硝基氯苯

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定空气中(对、邻、间)硝基氯苯的检测方法。方法:应用高效液相色谱,C18色谱柱,以甲醇:水(65∶35)为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min。二极管阵列检测器在254 nm波长下测定吸收值。结果:线性范围0.05μg/ml～50μg/ml,相关系数r=0.9999,最低检出浓度0.05μg/ml,三个浓度水平的样品加标回收率为96.1%～103.6%,相对标准偏差RSD均<3.0%。结论:该方法线性范围宽,相关性好,精密度高,准确度好,特异性强。     

HPLC法测定双黄连合剂中黄芩苷含量

目的建立测定双黄连合剂中有效成分黄芩苷含量的有效方法。方法色谱柱为Waters C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50∶50∶1,v/v/v),流速1.00 ml/min,进样量10μl,检测波长274 nm,柱温30℃。结果黄芩苷在53.295~532.950μg/ml(r=0.999 0)考察的线性范围内,线性关系良好,黄芩苷成分平均回收率95.35%(RSD=1.0%),符合含量测定要求。结论采用高效液相色谱法测定双黄连合剂中的黄芩苷成分,结果准确,方法操作简便,可将此方法用于双黄连合剂质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定禽肉中的己烯雌酚残留

目的:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定禽肉中的己烯雌酚残留。方法:样品经甲醇提取,ZORBAXSB-C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。结果:己烯雌酚在0.1μg/ml～1.2μg/ml范围内线性良好(r=0.9992),且峰形对称,平均加标回收率为98%～102%,精密度RSD为2.6%～5.0%,检出限为0.05μg/ml。结论:该方法操作较快速,灵敏度高,结果准确可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定消毒剂和卫生护理用品中的对氯间二甲苯酚

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定消毒剂和卫生护理用品中的对氯间二甲苯酚方法。方法:采用ODS-SP柱分离,流动相为甲醇+水(80+20),流速1.00 ml/min;用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长283 nm。结果:本方法线性范围为0 mg/ml~0.5 mg/ml,相关系数为0.9999。本法检出限0.025μg;相对标准偏差为0.45%;回收率在98.6%~102.4%之间。结论:本法简便、快捷、准确,是一种值得推荐的方法。     

固相萃取高效液相色谱法检测水中二苯胺残留量

目的:建立固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定水中二苯胺残留量的方法。方法:样品经固相萃取后进行高效液相色谱测定。色谱柱为SUPELCO Discovery C185μm 250×4.6 mm,流动相为:甲醇:0.02 mol/L NH4AC(pH=4.2)=70:30(V/V),流速为0.8 ml/min,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为280 nm。结果:该方法的线性范围为:0.050～10.0μg/ml;标准曲线线性良好,其回归方程及相关系数r为Y=348.4X-3.5,r=0.99999。检出限为:0.60μg/L;回收率在99%～103%之间,相对标准偏差小于2.0%。结论:该方法操作简便、快捷,是水中二苯胺残留量的快速而准确的检测方法。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.