化妆品原料标准现状及缺失分析

化妆品的质量很大程度上取决于所用原料，通过分析和整理化妆品原料标准，发现目前国家和行业化妆品原料标准主要包括《化妆品安全技术规范》限用、准用物质，可能含有害杂质的原料、基础原料和功效成分这几类，团体标准更侧重于制订基础成分的原料标准和植物提取物的原料标准。有不少常用原料虽然没有化妆品专用的标准，但是可以参考、借鉴其他行业的标准。总体而言，有质量标准的原料仅占《已使用化妆品原料目录》中的小部分，热门的纳米成分标准缺失，植物提取物原料标准中的特征性指标设定也有所欠缺。缺乏统一的化妆品原料标准给企业的质量控制、政府部门的监督带来了不小的困难，今后建议加强可能含有害杂质的化妆品原料、功效性成分、纳米成分和植物提取物的原料标准制订，完善化妆品原料标准化体系。     

生物技术与化工技术及化妆品

21世纪是生物技术的世纪。本文主要阐述了：(1)生物技术的概念及其应用前景。(2)生物技术与化工技术的关系，特别介绍了生物技术与化工技术相结合而形成的生物化工技术。(3)生物技术与化妆品的关系以及生物技术在化妆品工业中的应用，着重介绍了利用生物技术研究开发的化妆品原料：生物肽原料、基因原料、微生物工程原料、细胞工程原料。利用现代生物技术可以为化妆品开发提供高效、安全和价优的原材料或添加剂，使化妆品进入到高科技时代。生物技术、纳米技术和现代精细化工技术的结合将给21世纪化妆品工业事业来新的飞跃。     

功能性化妆品原料——蜂胶

功能性化妆品原料──蜂胶王丽群漳州市家用化学品厂（漳州３６３０００）蜂胶是蜜蜂辛勤劳动贡献给人类的一种有价值的物质，它可以作为功能性原料应用于化妆品中。蜂胶是由工峰从植物芽苞或树干上采集并加工酿造而成。从化学角度来看，蜂胶是一种混合物，它有不确定的成...     

我国与欧美化妆品原料管理情况对比分析

为进一步完善我国对化妆品原料安全监管提供参考，整理我国化妆品原料管理相关法规及原料收录情况，并与欧盟和美国的相关情况进行对比分析，发现欧盟和美国目前已收录的化妆品原料数量较多，原料信息也比我国已收录的更全面，我国与欧盟、美国在化妆品禁用、限用、准用原料的管理方面具有一定的相似性，在化妆品已使用原料和新原料的管理方面存在一定差异。我国虽然对化妆品已使用原料和新原料的管理与欧盟和美国相比更严格，但原料的管理有待实现信息化，原料信息有待进一步完善。     

药用植物亲缘学在我国化妆品植物原料开发中的应用前景展望

从我国化妆品产业及原料开发现状出发，分析了我国化妆品产业发展尤其是原料的开发创新与发达国家之间存在的差距和潜在优势。基于药用植物亲缘学理论在中药及传统药物资源开发中的成功应用实践，提出以药用植物亲缘学理论为指导，充分利用我国丰富的植物资源和传统医药优势，积极开发化妆品植物新原料的新思路和实施路径，对于扩大已使用化妆品植物原料资源来源、指导化妆品新植物原料的寻找和开发、寻找国外原料的替代品和帮助警示有潜在风险的植物原料具有重要价值，可为快速提高我国化妆品科技创新实力，实现产业高质量发展提供有效支撑。     

最近的化妆品原料

最近的化妆品原料１化妆品的定义药物管理法是确保药品、非医药用品、化妆品及医疗用具的质量、有效性、安全性，并规定正确使用的卫生法规。一般，“化妆品”是指上述内容中的化妆品和非医药用品。药物管理法第２条定义为：“化妆品就是为了清洁、美化人体，增添魅力，...     

绿色化妆品与基质原料绿色化

随着全球环境问题的突出和人们生活理念的变化，化妆品的绿色概念应运而生，绿色化妆品和绿色添加物发展迅速，化妆品基质原料的绿色化日益重要。介绍了绿色化妆品功能原料和绿色基质原料的发展状况。     

化妆品及其原料的安全性

简要描述了化妆品发展的状况，分析了化妆品及原料的现状，介绍对化妆品及其原料的安全性的评价情况，对研究化妆品及其原料的安全性提供参考。     

化妆品用硅粉,硅悬浮液的最新技术（日）

硅是化妆品生产不可缺少的原料之一。介绍了硅粉、硅悬浮液用于化妆品生产的最新技术，特别是毛发调理产品中的应用。硅粉作为固体原料有望成为化妆品扣新产品的生产原料。     

化妆品原料安全信息登记平台上线

化妆品原料安全信息登记平台于2021年12月31日上午9时起上线,化妆品原料生产商或其授权企业可以登陆该平台报送原料安全相关信息。据悉,为贯彻落实《化妆品注册备案管理办法》《化妆品注册备案资料管理规定》等法规文件,国家药监局组织建立了化妆品原料安全信息登记平台。其中,境内用户直接通过国家药监局网上办事大厅(https://zwfw.nmpa.gov.cn)的"化妆品原料安全信息登记平台"模块进行登陆;境外用户需在"化妆品原料安全信息登记平台"(http://ciip.nifdc.org.cn)开通账号后登陆。     

漆籽资源的综合开发利用

本文重点探讨了漆树果实资源的开发利用价值.漆籽果皮可用于加工漆蜡,籽仁可提取漆籽油,废渣可用来加工饲料.漆蜡和漆籽油可被用于高级化妆品、表面活性剂、食品、药品等行业,应用前景宽阔.     

液膜法提取分离对氨基苯甲酸的研究

由磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、表面活性剂和煤油为油相,氢氧化钠溶液为内水相,含对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)的水溶液为料液(外水相),组成了W/O/W型乳状液膜体系,用乳状液膜法对料液中的PABA进行了分离富集研究。探讨了PA-BA在水中的形态分布及其液膜分离的传质机理,考察了表面活性剂种类、TBP质量分数浓度、外水相pH值和内水相氢氧化钠浓度等因素,对PABA传质分离的影响。结果表明,采用适宜的乳状液膜体系,在最佳的操作条件下,对含PABA浓度为500 mol/L的料液进行分离富集时,仅经一级液膜分离过程,PABA的分离提取率可达99%。     

木本油料脂肪酸组成、提纯及其应用研究进展

木本油料是我国传统工业油料,应用领域广泛,可作为优质的食用植物油的来源,也可作为生产生物柴油的原料,并且还被用于饲料添加剂和化妆品行业。木本油料中C12~C18不饱和脂肪酸含量高,易被人体吸收,不同提取技术(压榨法、水酶法、超声波辅助法、浸出法等)对木本油料的脂肪酸组成及含量的影响较小。本文对橡胶籽油、核桃油、椰子油、山苍子核仁油、牡丹籽油、油茶籽油和棕榈油等7种木本油料的资源量、应用情况做了简单介绍,并综述了7种木本油料的脂肪酸组成及其提取纯化技术,重点介绍了木本油料中的中长碳链不饱和脂肪酸的提纯技术,并对提纯后的月桂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的应用进行了综述和展望。     

Evaluation of Pickering emulsions stabilized with nano-cellulose and nano-chitin treated with deep eutectic solvent

Developing bio-friendly and degradable Pickering emulsifiers as surfactants to replace traditional surfactants with bio-toxicity is imperative in the food, coating, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Nanocellulose and chitin can be used directly as an emulsifier to prepare Pickering o/w emulsions. As the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the stability of the emulsion also increases, and an overly large nanoparticle aspect ratio is not conducive to the stabilization of the emulsion. In comparison, nanocellulose-prepared Pickering emulsion has improved stability. Of these, nanocellulose prepared by DES with a molar ratio of 3:1 to LA:CC has been shown to have the best stability when used to equilibrate the oil/water mass ratio of 2/8. The Zeta potential is −38.4 mV, and the size of the droplets is the most uniform. With a mean droplet diameter of 770 nm. This study had certain research significance and reference value for the development of bio-friendly surfactants.     

Hydrocyclone Performance with Complex Oil‐Water Emulsions in the Feed

Separation performance of an oil‐water hydrocyclone depends very much on the physical properties of the feed emulsion or dispersion. These properties can be influenced by numerous factors, particularly water cut and the type of emulsion.In this exploratory work, the effects of water cut and flowrate on de‐watering capabilities of a hydrocyclone with a complex emulsion in the feed line are investigated. Two flow rates of 25 and 35L/min were studied and the water cut was varied from about 8 to 65%. For each case separation, efficiency was measured, the emulsion characterized and its stability checked for the three hydrocyclone streams. Drop size distribution was also examined. Comparison of performance with a simple emulsion was also made.     

Extended Surfactants Including an Alkoxylated Central Part Intermediate Producing a Gradual Polarity Transition—A Review of the Properties Used in Applications Such as Enhanced Oil Recovery and Polar Oil Solubilization in Microemulsions

The research published in the past half century indicates that surfactant interfacial performance in producing low tension or high solubilization with polar oils is not generally attained with pure conventional species exhibiting well-defined polar and nonpolar parts. The improvement trends reached with surfactant mixtures as well as the introduction of additives like cosurfactants and linkers lead to the introduction of the so-called extended surfactants, whose structure includes an intermediate polarity spacer between the hydrophilic head and the lipophilic tail. Recent investigations on different kinds of surfactants in a variety of applications—such as detergency, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery or crude demulsifying, and vegetable oil extraction—indicate that these extended surfactants are likely to be particularly performing with oils containing polar groups, such as triacylglycerols and asphaltenic crudes. Possible applications of extended surfactants in enhanced oil recovery, crude emulsion breaking, detergency and cleaning, medicine and cosmetics vehicles, and natural oil extraction as well as some other cases are quickly reviewed.     

The Application of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Oil in Cosmetic Formulations

The depletion of natural resources, the increasing use of valuable land surface for human activities, and the generation of waste are detrimental to the planet. Sustainable alternatives to guarantee a sufficient supply of food, feed, and biomaterials are needed. Insects may hold an interesting position in a circular economy to tackle contemporary societal challenges. Using insects for food, feed, biomaterial production, and to valorize side-streams, have gained increased interest. Mealworms are amenable to large-scale farming. Herein, the potential of mealworm oil for implementation in a cosmetic hand cream is evaluated. It is shown that mealworms are rich in oil (≈30% of the dry weight), and the oil can be extracted using hexane or ethyl acetate as a solvent. The euthanization step of mealworms has profound effect on the free fatty acid content. The fatty acid profile indicates a large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, which is promising for use in cosmetic applications. In a proof of concept, the mealworm oil is implemented in a hand cream and compared to hand cream containing macadamia nut oil. No differences in odor and aspect/stability are observed, but mealworm creams are slightly less white color. Mealworm oil is suitable for cosmetics applications. Practical applications: Several insect species can be sustainably reared on low-value organic side-streams, requiring only small amounts of land-surface, less water, and producing less greenhouse gases. In addition, they have short life cycles and can be reared continuously and locally. This implies that insects are an interesting source of biological materials including proteins and oils. Insect oils, including oil of mealworms, have interesting fatty acid profiles that make them amenable to replace oils of vegetable origin for applications within cosmetics. The results indicate that mealworm oil can be a novel, sustainable ingredient for use in the cosmetics industry.     

Optimization of factors affecting esterification of mixed oil with high percentage of free fatty acid

Increased environmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels from renewable sources that are environmentally more acceptable. Biodiesel is a non petroleum based fuel that consists of alkyl esters from transestrification of the refined/edible types of vegetable oils alcohol and alkaline catalysts can be used. These catalysts require anhydrous conditions and feed stocks with low levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). Inexpensive feed stocks are used in biodiesel production to reduce its cost and to get rid of waste oils in environmentally friendly way. These oils may contain high levels of FFAs so it cannot be directly used with the base catalysts currently employed. Acid esterification reduces the FFAs content to the desirable level. The major factors that affect the conversion efficiency of the process are molar ratio of alcohol/oil, amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, catalyst type and stirring speed according to reaction duration. For this study, we used a model acid produced by mixing pure oleic acid with mixed oil (50% sunflower + 50% soybean oil). Methanol was used in the experiments due to its low cost. The best conversion efficiency obtained was 96.6% for a molar ratio of 6:1 at a temperature of 60 °C, 2.5% H₂SO₄ and stirring speed of 300 rpm. Finally, different types of waste cooking oil from home and restaurants were used to study the conversion efficiency compared with optimum conditions calculated for model acid oil to be used in biodiesel production with low cost.     

Extraction of alcohol using emulsion liquid membrane consisting of paraffin oil as an organic phase and lecithin as a surfactant

BACKGROUND: This paper reports on the use of a liquid emulsion membrane involving paraffin light oil as membrane phase and lecithin as surfactant for the extraction of alcohol from anthocyanin extract and simulated pineapple wine. RESULTS: The extraction of alcohol was found to depend on the many factors such as surfactant concentration, contact time, stirring speed, stirring time, and ratio of membrane emulsion to feed volume. Results showed that optimum conditions for maximum alcohol extraction (25%) were lecithin concentration 3%, contact time 20 min, stirring speed 250 rpm and ratio of membrane emulsion to feed volume 1:2. Multistage extraction using this liquid emulsion membrane was found to completely remove alcohol from anthocyanin extract and from simulated pineapple wine in seven stages and five stages, respectively. CONCLUSION: This liquid emulsion membrane was found to be a useful method for the extraction of alcohol from aqueous feed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于纳米氢氧化铝颗粒的Pickering乳液制备

以异丙醇铝为原料,采用醇盐水解?水热法制备勃姆石型纳米氢氧化铝颗粒,优化制备条件;以所制颗粒为稳定剂、角鲨烯为油相,通过超声破碎法制备Pickering乳液,考察了颗粒浓度、水相成分、超声时间及功率对Pickering乳液粒径及稳定性的影响。结果表明,水热温度200℃、水热时间2 h条件下,可制得结晶度高且均一的勃姆石型纳米氢氧化铝颗粒,平均粒径为55.70?9.20 nm,多分散性指数(PDI)为0.187?0.011;所制Pickering乳液平均粒径为1870?55 nm,PDI=0.120?0.010,可在室温下稳定储存120 d以上,且生物相容性良好,有望应用于生物医药领域。