Muscle mass loss and intermuscular lipid accumulation were associated with insulin resistance in patients receiving hemodialysis

Background An accelerated muscle wasting was the pivotal factor for protein-energy wasting in end stage renal disease. However, very few researches have examined the skeletal muscle quantity and quality in clinical patients. This study investigated the muscle morphologic changes by magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and analyzed the related factors in hemodialysis patients. Methods Fifty-eight patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis （HD） were investigated and 28 healthy adults with gender and age matched were used as controls （Control）. Anthropometry, cytokine factors, and laboratory data were measured. The muscle and intermuscular adipose tissues （IMAT） were analyzed via a Thigh MRI. The bicep samples were observed after HE staining. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） was measured and their association with muscle wasting was analyzed. Results HD patients tended to have a lower protein diet, anthropometry data, and serum albumin, but the C reactive protein and interleukin-6 increased significantly. The MRI showed that HD patients had less muscle mass and a lower muscle/total ratio, but the fat/muscle and IMAT was higher when compared to the Control group. The muscle fiber showed atrophy and fat accumulation in the biceps samples come from the HD patients. Moreover, we found that the HD patients presented with a high level of plasma fasting insulin and increased HOMA-IR which negatively correlated with the muscle/ total ratio, but positively with the fat/muscle ratio. Conclusions Muscle wasting presented early before an obvious malnutrition condition emerged in HD patients. The main morphological change was muscle atrophy along with intermuscular lipid accumulation. Insulin resistance was associated with muscle wasting in dialysis patients.     

急性有机磷农药中毒心电图和心肌酶改变的临床观察与分析

目的：探讨急性有机磷农药中毒对心肌的损害及其心电图改变和心肌酶异常与疾病和预后的关系．方法：收集1992年5月至2002年5月因有机磷农药急性中毒，并进行常规心电图描记及心肌酶测定的57例病人的临床资料，分成轻度中毒组20例，中度中毒组18例，重度中毒组19例(其中死亡5例)进行分析。结果：急性有机磷中毒对心肌的毒害较明显，且病情越重，心电图和心肌酶的异常率越高。出现Q-T间期延长并伴有恶性心律失常和(或)心肌激酶＞ll00u/L预后差。结论：心电图和心肌酶学变化对于判断病情，估计预后，指导治疗有重要意义。     

游离股薄肌移植在臂丛损伤治疗中的临床应用

目的：探讨游离股薄肌移植在臂丛损伤治疗中的疗效。方法：对47例臂丛根性损伤患者行71次吻合血管、神经的游离股薄肌移植重建上肢主要功能,术后随访观察功能恢复情况。结果：随访32例患者,26例恢复屈肘、伸指、伸拇功能,肌力M3-M4级;18例恢复屈指、屈拇功能,肌力M3-M4级;2例恢复伸肘功能,肌力M3级;4例屈指、屈拇肌力M1级。结论：吻合血管、神经的游离股薄肌移植是治疗臂丛神经根性损伤的有效手术方法。     

颞肌外火焰形钛板颅骨修补术临床研究

目的:研究颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后颅骨缺损颞肌外火焰形颅骨修补术的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法:对35例去骨瓣减压术后因颅骨缺损患者行颞肌外火焰形颅骨修补术治疗。结果:35例患者效果良好,其中23例随访3至36月,经头颅CT检查钛板位置良好,颅腔恢复正常结构和形态,未见变形、移位等征象。结论:颞肌外火焰形钛板颅骨修补术方法简单,脑损伤少,无并发症,适用于因颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后的患者。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病严重程度与骨骼肌营养不良的相关性研究

背景　慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是全球主要致死性慢性病之一,不断加重全球经济负担。骨骼肌营养不良作为COPD常见并发症之一,严重影响了患者的生活质量及预后,但目前关于其发生机制、预防和治疗的研究尚不完善。目的　探讨COPD严重程度与骨骼肌营养不良的相关性。方法　以2017年9月-2019年6月就诊于锦州医科大学附属第一医院的COPD患者205例作为病例组,另选取同一时期于该院行体检的性别、年龄与病例组相匹配的健康成年人125例为对照组,检测两组各项身体成分指标、舒张气管后肺功能。采用单因素分析比较两组同性别受试者的各项身体成分指标,采用Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关探讨COPD患者第1秒用力呼气末容积占预计值百分比（FEV1%）、深吸气量与肺总量比值（IC/TLC）与各项身体成分指标的相关性。结果　男性COPD患者BMI、去脂体质量（FFM）、全身肌肉量、躯干肌肉量、双上肢肌肉量、双下肢肌肉量、四肢肌肉量、握力、骨骼肌指数、去脂体质数低于对照组男性（P<0.05）,女性COPD患者BMI、FFM、全身肌肉量、躯干肌肉量、双上肢肌肉量、双下肢肌肉量、四肢肌肉量、握力、骨骼肌指数、去脂体质数低于对照组女性（P<0.05）。相关分析结果显示,男性COPD患者IC/TLC与FFM、全身肌肉量、躯干肌肉量、双上肢肌肉量、双下肢肌肉量、四肢肌肉量、握力、骨骼肌指数、去脂体质数呈正相关（P<0.05）,女性COPD患者IC/TLC与BMI、FFM、全身脂肪量、全身肌肉量、躯干肌肉量、双上肢肌肉量、双下肢肌肉量、四肢肌肉量、握力、骨骼肌指数、去脂体质数、脂肪体质数呈正相关（P<0.05）。除男性COPD患者FEV1%与握力呈线性正相关外（P<0.05）,FEV1%与男性、女性COPD患者其他身体成分指标无相关关系（P>0.05）。结论　COPD患者BMI、FFM、肌肉量及握力低于健康者;COPD患者身体成分指标与FEV1%不相关,与反应疾病严重程度的另一项指标IC/TLC存在明显相关性。     

多发性肌炎/皮肌炎134例临床分析

目的:探讨多发性肌炎(PM)和皮肌炎(DM)患者的临床特点,以利临床诊断、指导治疗及判断预后.方法:回顾性分析本院134例PM和DM患者的临床首发症状及病程中临床表现、肌酶水平、肌电图、肌活检、治疗以及转归,并对PM和DM进行分析比较.结果:PM首发症状以发热肌痛、近端肌无力多见,DM则不论其病程长短均多数以皮肤损害为首发症状.PM患者出现肌酶升高明显高于DM组患者,CK在PM组和DM组中治疗前后的改变具统计学意义(P＜0.05).PM的病理改变主要表现为散在肌纤维萎缩;DM以束周萎缩多见.影响预后的主要因素年龄、肺部感染有关.结论:多发性肌炎和皮肌炎的临床特征及病理各有不同.     

Reduced concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and sodium-potassium pumps in human skeletal muscle during treatment with diuretics

Animal studies have shown that potassium depletion induced by diuretics or potassium deficient fodder leads to a selective decrease in the concentrations of potassium and in the concentration of sodium-potassium pumps in skeletal muscle. In 25 patients who had received diuretics for 2-14 years the mean concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and sodium-potassium pumps were measured in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens and were significantly lower than in those from a group of age matched controls. The reductions in all three variables were significant in those patients receiving diuretics for arterial hypertension as well as in those being treated for congestive heart failure. In 14 patients the mean muscle potassium concentration was below the control range, but only one of those was hypokalaemic (3.4 mmol/l), and 13 were receiving potassium supplements. In 15 patients the mean muscle magnesium concentration was below normal, and the mean muscle potassium and magnesium concentrations showed a linear correlation. In 12 patients in whom the mean muscle potassium concentration was below 80 mumol/g wet weight there was a linear correlation between the cellular potassium:sodium ratio and the concentration of 3H-ouabain binding sites indicating that potassium deficiency also leads to a down regulation of sodium-potassium pumps in human skeletal muscle. In spite of potassium supplements long term treatment with diuretics may lead to potassium and magnesium deficiencies, which are not detectable using the standard methods of serum analysis. The changes in concentrations of electrolytes and sodium-potassium pumps associated with treatment with diuretics may impair muscle function and potassium homoeostasis and interfere with the distribution of digitalis glycosides.     

2170例眼外肌受累甲状腺相关眼病的临床分析

  目的  探讨眼外肌受累甲状腺相关眼病（TAO）的临床特征。  方法  收集2009年9月–2020年1月在四川大学华西医院眼眶病专科门诊就诊,经CT和/或MRI证实眼外肌受累的2 170例TAO患者的病例资料,回顾性分析其一般情况、病史、临床表现及影像学特征。  结果  2 170例TAO患者中,男性932例,女性1 238例;年龄6～85岁,平均（46.95±13.06）岁。甲状腺功能亢进1 684例（77.60%）;甲状腺癌13例（0.59%）;甲状腺功能减退80例（3.69%）;甲状腺功能正常393例（18.11%）。眼球突出（55.25%）和复视（33.09%）是主要的就诊原因,眼球运动受限（83.46%）是最常见的体征。122例患者无眼睑征,仅眼外肌受累,平均年龄为（53.24±13.07）岁。2 170例TAO患者共有3 799只眼眼外肌受累,单眼541例,双眼1 629例;单条眼肌受累1 204眼（31.69%）,多条眼肌受累2 595眼（68.31%）。眼外肌受累频率由高到低依次为下、上、内、外直肌。行MRI增强扫描的1 014例患者中,71.99%显示为活动期;临床活动性评分（CAS）为非活动期的775例患者,有69.03%在MRI上显示为活动期。  结论  眼外肌受累TAO患者有其特异的临床表现,CT、MRI均能用于眼外肌受累的辅助诊断。MRI可以评估眼外肌的病变阶段,而且比CAS更敏感。     

先天性心脏病右心房心肌细胞超微结构改变的观察

有关先天性心脏病(简称先心病)心房肌超微结构改变尚未见有报导。本文对15例先心病右心房心肌进行了电镜观察。各例中除见少量正常肌细胞外,多数肌细胞均有肥大改变:细胞直径及核增大,线粒体增生,肌原纤维增加,T小管增多,出现多间盘等。部分肌细胞呈现退变,可见肌丝溶解,Z线异常,肌质网增多扩大,线粒体肿胀甚至外膜破裂,较多髓样结构,异常连接及间质纤维化等。结果提示心房肌肥大退变的程度似与先心病的类型,缺损大小及患者年龄和心功能等因素有关     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者呼吸肌力的恢复与维生素C、E及血清瘦素的关系

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者呼吸肌力恢复同维生素C、E及血清瘦素的关系。方法将45例病情稳定的COPD患者随机分为维生素治疗组25例和呼吸康复训练组20例,常规药物治疗基础上,维生素组每日于饮食中适量添加维生素C、E。另外选择20例健康志愿者作为对照组,经30d治疗后分别测定各组维生素C、E,肺通气功能、呼吸肌力、呼吸中枢驱动功能等指标。结果治疗前患者组的维生素C、E水平显著低于对照组。治疗后,维生素组呼吸肌力相比康复训练组恢复佳,维生素C、E水平显著高于康复训练组（P 〈0.05）。此外,血清瘦素与最大吸气压正相关（r=0.153）。结论血清维生素C、E同COPD患者呼吸肌力恢复相关,提高患者的维生素C、E水平可加速COPD患者呼吸肌力恢复,血清瘦素同呼吸肌力也具有一定相关性。     

Detection of A3243G point mutation in mitochondrial DNA from 10 cases of MELAS

目的：对10例MELAS型线粒体脑肌病患者进行线粒体DNA A3243G点突变的检测。方法：用PCR-限制性内切酶分析法（restriction analysis）,检测10例MELAS患者及其8名母系亲属的肌肉和/或外周血细胞中有无mtDNA的A3243G点突变,并进行突变型mtDNA的定量。结果：在10例患者的肌肉和/血细胞中,均检测到A3243点突变。突变型mtDNA的比例在血细胞（7例）中为10.8％-47.8％,在肌肉（5例）中为39.4％-67.7％。有2例患者同时进行了肌肉和血细胞标本的检测,突变型mtDNA的比例肌肉组织均高于血细胞。在血细胞中,年轻患者的突变型比例通常较高。在1个家系中可证实为母系遗传 。但在3例先证者的母亲及2例先证者抽胞均未检测到此突变。结论：10例MELAS综合征患者均携有mtDNA A3243G点突变。在6个家庭中,只有1个家庭可证实为母系遗传,另外5个家庭中此突变可能为散发性,提示在中国人MELAS的发病机制中,mtDNAA3243G点突变为新生突变的居多。     

悬雍垂组织病理学改变与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征关系的研究

目的：通过对OSAHS患者和无OSAHS病史男尸的悬雍垂病理组织学的研究,探讨悬雍垂组织的病理学变化与OSAHS的关系。方法：采用34例因OSAHS而进行部分保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术切除的悬雍垂作为实验组,其中24例为重度阻塞,中度阻塞10例;取无OSAHS病史的男性尸检悬雍垂10为对照组。光镜下观察其组织结构的改变,主要对肌肉纤维的形态、密度以及排列状态进行观察,并对肌间的组织以及上皮组织结构进行观察,用半定量分析法对结果进行分析。结果：与对照组相比较,OSAHS组悬雍垂粘膜上皮层结构尚完整,但伴有明显的炎症表现,固有层厚度为0.92±0.21mm,对照组为0.24±0.07mm,P〈0.01;同时,不同程度OSAHS、不同程度体块指数患者的粘膜固有层厚度的比较均有显著性差异。OSAHS组的悬雍垂肌纤维密度为85.47±29.54,对照组为149.70±22.68,P〈0.01;重度OSAHS悬雍垂肌纤维密度为72.04±14.47,中度重度OSAHS为117.70±32.09,P〈0.01。对照组中肌纤维的排列整齐、连接紧密、形态规整,实验组绝大部分悬雍垂肌纤维标本排列不规则,而且随着的OSAHS程度的加重,其排列越混乱。结论：OSAHS患者的悬雍垂从粘膜到肌肉都发生明显的病理改变,出现粘膜固有层增厚,肌纤维密度减少和肌纤维排列混乱、变性等表现,并且随着OSAHS程度的加重而加剧。提示悬雍垂组织的病理改变与OSAHS发生、发展有密切的相关性。     

Comparison of the ability of wavelet index and bispectral index for reflecting regain of consciousness in patients undergone surgery

Background Wavelet index （WLI） is a new parameter for monitoring depth of anesthesia based on Wavelet analysis. We observed the change of WLI and bispectral index （BIS） in patients regain of consciousness （ROC） in the absence of frontalis electromyographic （EMG） interference. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of WLI and BIS for reflecting ROC in patients undergone surgery. Methods Twelve patients who were scheduled for maxillofacial surgeries were enrolled in the study. BIS and WLI values were monitored continually. After being given midazolam and remifentanil, patients were asked to squeeze the investigator＇s hand ever 30 seconds. Patients were continuously given propofol until loss of consciousness （LOC1）. Tunstalrs isolated forearm technique was used to test the surgical consciousness in patients. After total muscle relaxation endotracheal intubations were performed, and the patients were connected to a ventilator. Then, propofol was withdrawn until the patients showed regain of consciousness （ROC1） and an awareness reaction. After the command test, patients were readministered with propofol until loss of consciousness （LOC2）. After surgery, all of the sedatives were withdrawn, and the patients were let to regain consciousness （ROC2）, Results The BIS values of twelve patients at ROC1 after using muscle relaxant were much lower than those at LOC1 and ROC2 without using muscle relaxant, showing statistical significance （P 〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the WLI values of twelve patients at ROC1 after using muscle relaxant were much higher than those at LOC1 and equal to ROC2 without using muscle relaxant, showing statistical significances （P 〈0.05） between ROC1 and LOCI. Conclusions This study showed that under muscle relaxation or facial paralysis, when there is no EMG signal, BIS can not accurately reflect regain of consciousness in surgical patients, but WLI can reflect it accurately. So WLI may have advantages for reflecting state of consciousness in surgical patients.     

全身与大腿MRI对皮肌炎/多发性肌炎的对比研究

目的结合皮肌炎/多发性肌炎(DM/PM)的临床及磁共振特点,突出全身MRI对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析5例DM/PM病例,总结其一般资料、实验室检查、临床检查及影像学表现,同时结合文献进行讨论。结果 5例DM/PM病例,2例DM,3例PM,均因肌痛肌无力伴或不伴皮疹就诊,均有不同程度的肌力减退,且主要以四肢近端肌力减退为主,肌张力均正常,均合并间质性肺炎,MRI检查均提示相应部位的炎症性肌病表现。除1例α-羟丁酸脱氢酶未测、1例谷草转氨酶及肌酸激酶MB同工酶正常外,其余所测6种肌酶水平均升高。结论皮肌炎/多发性肌炎具有一定的MRI特点,可以为临床诊断及鉴别诊断提供帮助。     

强直性肌营养不良8例临床、电生理及病理特点

目的:探讨强直性肌营养不良（DM）临床、电生理和病理特点。方法:回顾性分析8例DM患者临床、电生理和病理资料。结果:8例患者均有不同程度肌无力、肌强直或肌萎缩症状。部分患者伴脱发、智力障碍、月经不规律等骨骼肌外症状。3例无明确家族史。7例患者肌电图检查可见肌强直电位发放。肌活检光镜下可见肌纤维大小不等、核内移与肌膜核增多、核聚集现象及核链形成等,1例患者可见肌浆块。还原型辅酶Ⅰ四唑氮还原酶染色可见7例肌纤维萎缩,其中5例以Ⅰ型肌纤维萎缩为主。结论:肌电图及骨骼肌活检病理检查对该病诊断有重要价值,结合具体病例的起病形式、骨骼肌及多系统受累特点等有助于对DM进一步分型;应注意遗传早现现象所致的“无家族遗传史”假象。     

黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗慢性腰肌劳损100例疗效分析

目的：探讨黄芪桂枝五物汤加减治疗慢性腰肌劳损患者的临床疗效。方法方便选取2013年6月—2015年6月期间来该院就诊的200例慢性腰肌劳损患者(根据临床症状、既往腰部疾病史确诊）应用抽签法随机分为试验组和常规组,入组后均对两组患者实施中医推拿治疗,在推拿治疗的基础上给予试验组患者黄芪桂枝五物汤加减治疗。结果试验组患者的临床治疗总有效率与常规组患者比较差异有统计学意义(92.0%VS81.0%;P<0.05）。治疗前两组患者的Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI）评分(36.9±4.1VS37.2±3.8）、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS）(5.3±1.1VS5.1±1.4）、生活质量评价量表(SF-36）评分(43.1±5.9VS42.8±6.5）比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05）,治疗后试验组患者的ODI评分(15.1±2.6VS26.9±3.1）、VAS评分(1.9±0.5VS3.2±0.9）均较常规组患者低,SF-36评分(66.9±3.1VS57.2±3.6）较常规组患者高,两组上述指标比较存在的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05）。结论黄芪桂枝五物汤加减治疗慢性腰肌劳损,疗效确切,能够有效改善患者腰肌功能,提高患者生活质量。     

TVCDS定量参数在子宫内膜癌病人肌层浸润深度及治疗效果评估中的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TVCDS)定量参数在子宫内膜癌(EC)病人肌层浸润深度及治疗效果评估中的应用价值。方法选取经TVCDS检查并由病理诊断确诊为EC病人100例, 其中肌层浸润82例, 无肌层浸润18例。比较无肌层浸润与肌层浸润病人临床资料、TVCDS定量参数、微血管密度(MVD); 比较不同手术效果病人TVCDS定量参数。分析EC病人肌层浸润影响因素, TVCDS定量参数、MVD、EC深肌层浸润深度的相关性。采用ROC曲线评价TVCDS定量参数与手术疗效的关系。结果无肌层浸润与肌层浸润病人的组织学分级、临床分期和淋巴转移差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。肌层浸润组病人脉动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、RI均低于无肌层浸润组(P < 0.05), MVD高于无肌层浸润组(P < 0.05)。深肌层组PI、RI均低于浅肌层组(P < 0.05), MVD高于浅肌层组(P < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示, 组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移、PI、RI、MVD均为EC病人肌层浸润的影响因素(P < 0.05)。TVCDS定量参数PI、RI均与EC病人肌层浸润深度呈负相关关系(r=-0.719、-0.662, P < 0.05), MVD与肌层浸润呈正相关关系(r=0.578, P < 0.05), PI、RI与MVD均呈负相关关系(r=-0.575、-0.520, P < 0.05)。术效果良好病人PI、RI均明显高于手术效果不佳病人(P < 0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示, PI、RI预测手术疗效的AUC分别为0.782、0.759, PI与RI联合应用于手术疗效预测的AUC为0.863, 高于PI、RI单独预测的诊断价值。结论EC病人TVCDS定量参数PI、RI在肌层浸润深度、组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴转移及手术效果评估中具有重要应用价值, 可为EC诊断及术前、预后评估提供重要参考信息。     

手足口病患儿心肌酶谱检测的意义

目的：探讨手足口病（HFMD）患儿检测心肌酶谱的临床意义。方法：收集本院儿科HFMD64例和60例健康儿童对照检测心肌酶谱：谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶。后两项异常者,使用营养心肌治疗2周后复查,组间行t检验。结果：HFMD组心肌酶异常率明显大于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。经治疗后大部分恢复正常。结论：心肌酶谱能早期发现HFMD合并心肌损害,有助于临床诊断．     

Treatment of Severe Gluteal Muscle Contracture in Children

To investigate the efficacy of a combination therapy on gluteal muscle contracture, 286 definitely diagnosed patients were subjected to surgical treatment, and then functional exercises and physical therapy. The patients with severe symptoms were asked to have a set of specially-designed functional exercises. All the patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months by hospital visit, correspondence or telephone interview. The effective rate was 100%, and the curative rate was up to 94.6%. Few patients developed complications and relapse was rare. It is concluded that the combination therapy, including surgical removal of diseased tissues, functional exercises and physical therapy, is an effective approach for the treatment of severe juvenile gluteal muscle contracture.     

经皮神经肌电刺激治疗周围神经损伤的探讨

目的 探讨经皮神经肌电刺激促进周围神经再生的临床价值。方法 采用丹迪Qmtata型肌电图仪对78例周围神经损伤患者，进行经皮神经肌电刺激治疗，观察受损神经功能恢复情况并做治疗前后肌电图对比分析。结果 本组78例臂丛神经、坐骨神经不全损伤者，经1—10个疗程的治疗，受损神经功能恢复治愈率达67．9％，有效率达91％。结论 经皮神经肌电刺激治疗，可促进周围神经的再生，改善受损神经局部血液循环，缓解或消除疼痛，提高神经肌的兴奋性，恢复神经功能。