Cu含量对汽车车身板用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn合金显微组织的影响

采用金相、SEM/EDS、XRD等研究了Cu含量对汽车车身用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn(in wt.%)铝合金结晶相及合金板材晶粒的影响规律.结果表明:Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-(0.1~0.7)Cu-0.6Mn合金中主要存在部分可溶的浅灰色不规则条块状Al8(FeMn)2Si和黑色条块状或骨骼状结晶相Mg2Si,及完全可溶的球状或椭球状主要含Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3多相共晶产物;随着Cu含量增加,铸态合金中主要含Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3的共晶产物数量逐渐增多,而Mg2Si和Al8(FeMn)2Si结晶相变化不明显;同时,固溶后合金板材的再结晶晶粒变得越来越细,尽管Cu含量对合金冷轧板的晶粒尺寸影响不明显.     

喷射沉积Al-12Si-0.6Mg合金的微观组织与性能

共晶合金具有良好的激光焊接性能,为提高电子封装盖板用Al-12Si合金的强度并保持良好的热物理性能,采用喷射沉积与热压烧结技术制备Al-12Si合金,研究添加0.6% Mg对合金微观组织、力学性能和热物理性能的影响。结果表明,喷射沉积/热压烧结Al-12Si合金中Si相呈近球形颗粒,平均直径为（4.5±0.2）μm,均匀分布于Al基体中;添加Mg未对Si相尺寸和形貌产生显著影响,但是在Al基体中形成Mg₂Si相。相对于Al-12Si合金,Al-12Si-0.6Mg合金的热导率降幅仅为4.2%,但是抗拉强度从154.1 MPa提高到190.1 MPa,增幅达到23.4%,该强度改善主要归因于固溶强化和析出强化作用。      

球磨时间对纳米晶Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金粉末微观组织及硬度的影响

以机械破碎Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金粉末为原料进行高能球磨, 对不同球磨时间的合金粉末进行金相观察、X射线衍射分析、透射电镜表征及显微硬度测试, 研究球磨时间对纳米晶Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金粉末的影响。结果发现, 高能球磨导致共晶硅颗粒从微米尺度细化到亚微米尺度, 颗粒形状从多面体转变成圆形, 颗粒内部有层错生成。随着球磨时间逐渐增加到60 h, 合金粉末平均颗粒尺寸从134μm逐渐下降到22μm, Al(Si, Mg)基体晶粒尺寸从438 nm降低到23 nm, 粉末显微硬度从HV 93增加到HV 289。粉末硬度的增加主要归功于球磨导致的晶粒细化(细晶强化作用), 此外, 球磨过程中硅颗粒的细化以及球磨引起的Mg、Si原子在基体内固溶度的增加也有利于粉末硬度的提高。     

固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用不同的固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu(质量分数,%)合金进行热处理,然后在(150℃/10 h)条件下进行时效处理,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析、维氏硬度与极化曲线测试,研究固溶温度对挤压态合金显微组织、硬度与腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:固溶处理促进晶界处的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相充分溶入α-Mg基体中。提高固溶温度使基体晶粒再结晶长大,逐渐缩小T-MgAlCuZn相心部的Cu元素富集区,改变β析出相的形态和分布,促进层片状β相在α-Mg晶界析出,从而提高时效态合金的硬度。但固溶温度超过420℃时,合金晶粒粗化并发生过烧。固溶温度升高导致合金腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流增大,腐蚀速率加快。     

均质处理冷速与显微组织对Al-Mg-Si可挤压性和T5性能的影响

通过全方位工业试验,研究了6063铝锭坯在均匀化后不同冷却速度的可挤压性,考察了含不同Mg、Si元素质量分数锭坯的显微组织,除了生成Mg2Si外,过量Si也很重要,在合金成分一定的条件下,Mg2Si相粒子的数目和大小是由均匀化处理后的冷却速度来确定的,这些因素强烈地影响了从铸锭开始到最终产品为止的显微组织变化.试验发现:均匀化处理后快冷,可减小Mg2 Si粒子的尺寸,此情况下,即使快速加热到固溶温度以上的挤压温度,在金属从挤压模孔出来之前,有足够的时间将Mg2Si粒子完全溶解在基体中,所以,均质后快速冷却是使合金可挤压性和T5态性能最好的一个方法[1].     

固溶处理对Al-1.5Si-1.2Mg-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金组织性能的影响

对汽车车身板用Al-1.5Si-1.2Mg-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金冷轧薄板进行了固溶处理,研究了固溶温度、时间对第二相、晶粒及成形性能的影响规律.结果表明:在500～555℃之间进行固溶处理时,固溶温度升高,基体中残留的第二相数量逐渐减少,而再结晶晶粒尺寸形态变化不大;合金板材的强度和延伸率单调增大,,IE单调减小,n,r15变化不大.1.2 mm厚的冷轧合金薄板在540℃固溶处理时,保温时间需接近30 min才可使其具有良好的成形性,继续延长保温时间至180 min其成形性能变化不大.1.2 mm厚的A1-1.5Si-1.2Mg-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金冷轧薄板合适的固溶处理温度为540℃,保温时间应接近30 min.常规T4状态的6xxx系铝合金薄板直接在汽车厂冲压成形后的烤漆涂装处理并不能起到提高车身构件强度的作用.     

时效与冷变形对Cu-Ni-Si合金微观组织和性能的影响

应用新型生产线固溶处理工艺对Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si-0.1Mg合金进行处理,研究了时效温度、时效时间和时效前不同变形量对Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si-0.1Mg合金微观组织和性能的影响.结果表明,合金在450℃时效时,第二相呈细小弥散状态分布在基体上,能获得较好的综合性能,在450℃时效4 h时,其导电率和显微硬度分别可达38.13%IACS和212.6HV.经过对选区电子衍射花样的标定,析出相为Ni<,2>Si.合金经冷轧变形后内部出现大量的晶体缺陷,能在时效初期促进第二相的析出,使合金具有更好的综合性能,合金经60%变形后在450℃时效1 h后其导电率和显微硬度分别可达38.78%IACS和232.1 HV.继续升高时效温度或延长时效时间会引起第二相长大而导致显微硬度的升降.通过对生产线固溶和常规实验室固溶处理的合金进行性能比较,生产线固溶态合金的显微硬度时效后低于常规固溶处理合金,这可能是由生产线固溶时的不彻底性所导致.     

分步固溶对6082铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、常温力学拉伸和电导率等测试方法,研究不同固溶制度和时效制度对6082铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,分步升温有效抑制6082铝合金晶粒长大,双级保温升温对晶粒造成不利影响.6082铝合金挤压态组织除固溶体基体外,还包括亚微米级的Mg2Si平衡相,还有大尺寸AlFe(Mn)Si、...     

固溶温度对TB6钛合金微观组织的影响

分别在760、780、800、820℃对TB6钛合金锻棒进行固溶处理,采用X射线衍射仪和光学显微镜研究了合金在不同固溶温度下的相组成及微观组织随固溶温度的变化规律。结果表明,固溶温度为760、780℃时,TB6钛合金棒材中的初生α相含量较高,尺寸较大,能起到钉扎β晶界的作用,获得晶粒尺寸<5μm的β基体相;固溶温度为800℃时,大部分初生α相溶于β基体相中,剩余初生α相的体积分数仅约为2.65%,且β基体相晶粒尺寸增大,并出现热诱发α′′马氏体相;固溶温度为820℃时,TB6钛合金棒材中的初生α相已完全消失,β基体相存在大量呈纵横交错分布的针状热诱发α′′马氏体相。     

Al-3Si-0.6Mg-(Cu,Mn)合金薄板的组织性能

采用拉伸试验、金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜高分辨组织分析方法,研究了水冷铜模铸造的扁锭轧制的Al-3.0Si-0.6Mg-0.4Cu-0.6Mn-0.18Fe合金薄板经400℃至540℃不同温度保温30 min水淬、室温停放90 d(自然时效)后的组织和性能.结果表明:在6009合金基础上提高Si的质量分数至3%,有提高其强度的作用;该合金薄板经540℃×30 min固溶处理自然时效后屈服强度为180 MPa、抗拉强度为313 MPa、延伸率接近23%,其组织中存在Si结晶相及含Fe、Mn和少量Cu、Si的结晶相,以及尺寸小于0.5μm的以含Mn为主并含少量Si和Fe的弥散相;提高其固溶处理温度至540℃,合金薄板的强度明显提高,其原因是析出强化产物尺寸增大,密度提高了.     

Al-3B变质对铸造Al-10Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用Al-3B对铸造Al-10Si合金进行了变质处理,运用非平衡相图和杠杆定律分析了变质处理Al-10Si合金显微组织变化规律,研究了变质处理对合金力学性能的影响.研究表明,Al-3B变质处理使铸造Al-10Si合金的凝固过冷度减小;当变质温度一定时,随着Al-3B加入量增加,铸造Al-10Si合金组织中初生α-Al相...     

Phase transformations in a binary 10 at % Si-90 at % Al alloy at high pressures and temperatures

Differential barothermal analysis of the phase transformations in a 10 at % Si-90 at % Al alloy has been performed at temperatures up to 700°C in an argon atmosphere compressed to 100 MPa. A slight change of the eutectic melting/solidification temperature is found. The liquidus temperature of the alloy, which is determined upon melting and solidification, coincides with that determined at atmospheric pressure. At 551–554°C, an aluminum-based solid solution decomposes with the formation of silicon nanoprecipitates. The porosity of the alloy after barothermal analysis is almost unchanged. The lattice parameters of micron-sized silicon particles decrease, whereas those of nanoparticles increase relative to the tabulated parameters. The lattice parameters of aluminum subjected to solidification and cooling in a compressed argon medium decreases. The micorhardness of the aluminum matrix of the alloy corresponds to that of pure aluminum.     

Fabrication of Al-3.7?Pct Si-0.18?Pct Mg Foam Strengthened by AlN Particle Dispersion and its Compressive Properties

Al-3.7 pct Si-0.18 pct Mg foams strengthened by AlN particle dispersion were prepared by a melt foaming method, and the effect of foaming temperature on the foaming behavior was investigated. Al-3.7 pct Si-0.18 pct Mg alloy containing AlN particles was prepared by noncompressive infiltration of Al powder compacts with molten Al alloy in nitrogen atmosphere, and it was foamed at different foaming temperatures ranging from 1023 to 1173 K. The porosity of prepared foam decreases and the pore structure becomes homogeneous with increasing foaming temperature. When the foaming temperature is higher than 1123 K, homogeneous pores are formed in the prepared ingot without using oxide particles and metallic calcium granules, which are usually used for stabilizing a foaming process. This stabilization of the foaming at high temperatures is possibly caused by Al₃Ti intermetallic compounds formed at high temperature and AlN particles. Compression tests for the prepared foams revealed that the absorbed energy per unit mass of prepared Al-3.7 pct Si-0.18 pct Mg foam is higher than those of aluminum foams strengthened by alloying or dispersion of reinforcements. It is remarkable that the oscillation in stress, which usually appears in strengthened aluminum foams, does not appear in the plateau stress region of the present Al-3.7 pct Si-0.18 pct Mg foam. The homogeneity in cell walls and pore morphology due to the stabilization of pore formation and growth by AlN and Al₃Ti particles is a possible cause of this smooth plateau stress region.     

Effect of squeeze casting process on microstructures and flow stress behavior of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy

The effects of squeeze casting process on microstructure and flow stress behavior of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy were investigated and the hot-compression tests of gravity casting and squeeze casting alloy were carried out at 350-500°C and 0.001-5s-1.The results show that microstructures of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloys were obviously improved by squeeze casting.Due to the decrease of coarse primary Si particles,softα-Al dendrite as well as the fine microstructures appeared,and the mechanical properties of squeeze casting alloys were improved.However,when the strain rate rises or the deformation temperature decreases,the flow stress increases and it was proved that the alloy is a positive strain rate sensitive material.It was deduced that compared with the gravity casting alloy,squeeze casting alloy(solidified at 632 MPa)is more difficult to deform since the flow stress of squeeze casting alloy is higher than that of gravity casting alloy when the deformation temperature exceeds 400°C.Flow stress behavior of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy can be described by a hyperbolic sine form with Zener-Hollomon parameter,and the average hot deformation activation energy Q of gravity casting alloy and squeeze casting alloy is 278.97 and 308.77kJ/mol,respectively.     

Dissolution of iron intermetallics in Al-Si Alloys through nonequilibrium heat treatment

Conventional heat treatment techniques in Al-Si alloys to achieve optimum mechanical properties are limited to precipitation strengthening processes due to the presence of second-phase particles and spheroidization of silicon particles. The iron intermetallic compounds present in the microstructure of these alloys are reported to be stable, and they do not dissolve during conventional (equilibrium) heat treatments. The dissolution behavior of iron intermetallics on nonequilibrium heat treatment has been investigated by means of microstructure and mechanical property studies. The dissolution of iron intermetallics improves with increasing solution temperature. The addition of manganese to the alloy hinders the dissolution of iron intermetallics. Nonequilibrium heat treatment increases the strength properties of high iron alloys until a critical solution temperature is exceeded. Above this temperature, a large amount of liquid phase is formed as a result of interdendritic and grain boundary melting. The optimum solution treatment temperature for Al-6Si-3.5Cu-0.3Mg-lFe alloys is found to be between 515 °C and 520 °C.     

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure,tensile properties,and fracture behavior of permanent mold Al-10 wt pct Si-0.6 wt pct Mg/SiC/10p composite castings

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of solution treatment (in the temperature range 520 °C to 550 °C) and artificial aging (in the temperature range 140 °C to 180 °C) on the variation in the microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture mechanisms of Al-10 wt pct Si-0.6 wt pct Mg/SiC/10_p composite castings. In the as-cast condition, the SiC particles are observed to act as nucleation sites for the eutectic Si particles. Increasing the solution temperature results in faster homogenization of the microstructure. Effect of solution temperature on tensile properties is evident only during the first 4 hours, after which hardly any difference is observed on increasing the solution temperature from 520 °C to 550 °C. The tensile properties vary significantly with aging time and temperature, with typical yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percent elongation (EL) values of ∼300 MPa, ∼330 MPa, and ∼1.4 pct in the underaged condition, ∼330 MPa, ∼360 MPa, and ∼0.65 pct in the peakaged condition, and ∼323 MPa, ∼330 MPa, and ∼0.8 pct in the overaged condition. Prolonged solution treatment at 550 °C for 24 hours results in a slight improvement in the ductility of the aged test bars. The fracture surfaces exhibit a dimple morphology and cleavage of the SiC particles, the extent of SiC cracking increasing with increasing tensile strength and reaching a maximum in the overaged condition. Microvoids act as nucleation sites for the formation of secondary cracks that promote severe cracking of the SiC particles. A detailed discussion of the fracture mechanism is given.     

Eutectic Morphology of Al-7Si-0.3Mg Alloys with Scandium Additions

The mechanisms of Al-Si eutectic refinement due to scandium (Sc) additions have been studied in an Al-7Si-0.3Mg foundry alloy. The evolution of eutectic microstructure is studied by thermal analysis and interrupted solidification, and the distribution of Sc is studied by synchrotron micro-XRF mapping. Sc is shown to cause significant refinement of the eutectic silicon. The results show that Sc additions strongly suppress the nucleation of eutectic silicon due to the formation of ScP instead of AlP. Sc additions change the macroscopic eutectic growth mode to the propagation of a defined eutectic front from the mold walls opposite to the heat flux direction similar to past work with Na, Ca, and Y additions. It is found that Sc segregates to the eutectic aluminum and AlSi₂Sc₂ phases and not to eutectic silicon, suggesting that impurity-induced twinning does not operate. The results suggest that Sc refinement is mostly caused by the significantly reduced silicon nucleation frequency and the resulting increase in mean interface growth rate.     

Development of a low-melting-point filler metal for brazing aluminum alloys

The study is concerned with developing low-melting-point filler metals for brazing aluminum alloys. For this purpose, thermal analyses of a series of Al-Si-Cu-Sn filler metals have been conducted and corresponding microstructures observed. The results showed that the liquidus temperature of Al-Si-Cu filler metals dropped from 593 °C to 534 °C, when the amount of copper was increased from 0 to 30 pct. As the copper content reached further to 40 pct, the liquidus temperature would rise to 572 °C. By adding 2 pct tin into the Al-Si-20Cu alloys, the liquidus and solidus temperature would fall from 543 °C to 526 °C and from 524 °C to 504 °C, respectively. The main microstructures of Al-Si-Cu alloys consist of the α-Al solid solution, silicon particles, the CuAl₂ (ϑ) intermetallic, and the eutectic structures of Al-Si, Al-Cu, and Al-Si-Cu. For further improvement of the brazability of this filler metal, magnesium was added as a wetting agent, which would remove the residual oxygen and moisture from the brazed aluminum surface and reduce the oxide film. Based on results gleaned from the thermal analyses, a new filler metal with the composition Al-7Si-20Cu-2Sn-1Mg is proposed, which possesses a melting temperature range of 501 °C to 522 °C and a microstructure that includes an Al-Si solid solution, silicon particles, a tin-rich phase, and CuAl₂, CuMgAl₂, and Mg₂Si intermetallic compounds. When this filler metal was used to braze the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, an optimized bonding strength of 196 ± 19 MPa was achieved.     

Quench Sensitivity of an Al-7 Pct Si-0.6 Pct Mg Alloy: Characterization and Modeling

The quench sensitivity of a cast Al-7 wt pct Si-0.6 wt pct Mg alloy was characterized by tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy. Specimens were cooled from the solution treatment temperature following 58 different cooling paths including interrupted and delayed quenches. Analysis of the microstructure showed that quench precipitates were Mg₂Si (β), which nucleated heterogeneously on Si eutectic particles as well as in the aluminum matrix, presumably on dislocations. The quench sensitivity of the alloy’s yield strength was modeled by multiple C-curves, using an improved methodology for quench factor analysis. The three C-curves used in the model represented loss of solute by (1) diffusion of Si to eutectic particles, (2) precipitation of β on Si eutectic particles, and (3) precipitation of β in the matrix. The model yielded a R ² of 0.994 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 7.4 MPa. The model and the implications of the results are discussed in the article. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Simulation of Aluminum Shape Casting Processing: From Design to Mechanical Properties,” which occurred March 12–16, 2006 during the TMS Spring Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, under the auspices of the Computational Materials Science and Engineering Committee, the Process Modeling, Analysis and Control Committee, the Solidification Committee, the Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee, and the Light Metal Division/Aluminum Committee.