基于CAN总线的仿人机器人关节伺服控制系统研究

本文针对仿人机器人的结构和控制性能要求，结合清华大学THBIP-I型仿人机器 人样机研制，研究提出了基于CAN总线的仿人机器人关节伺服分级控制体系结构．文中详细 描述了系统的总体结构方案、位置控制卡的结构原理、通讯协议和控制算法，以及系统在TH BIP-I仿人机器人样机上的技术实现，并在控制实验有效性验证的基础上，提出了进一步完 善发展的思路．     

拟人机器人视觉系统的硬件结构设计

拟人机器人是当前机器人研究领域中最新的研究方向,机器人视觉系统是其智能化最重要的标志之一。文章介绍了清华大学“985”重点科研项目“拟人机器人技术和应用系统”研究开发的拟人机器人TBIPR—I视觉系统的硬件结构组成和设计原理。     

双足步行机器人的ZMP-CoP检测及研究

ZMP(零力矩点）和CoP(压力中心)是评价双足步行机构行走稳定性的重要参数．本文在研究了ZMP和CoP两者关系的基础上，根据THBIP-I仿人机器人基于ZMP理论的姿态调整要求和六维力/力矩传感器的安装位置，推导了适用于双足机器人的CoP计算公式，建立了采用六维力/力矩传感器的CoP检测系统．进行了THBIP-I仿人机器人行走过程的实际CoP检测实验，并对实验结果进行了讨论．实验证明了该系统的准确性.     

基于在线识别的机器人动态手眼协调

本文研究了基于在线识别的机器人动态手眼协调,通过视觉在线识别目标的结果来 动态规划机器人的运动,改善了系统的柔性,提高了系统对环境的适应能力．实验证明,文 中所采用的识别算法具有很好的实时性和可靠性．引入语音控制改善了人机交互．     

集控式足球机器人决策与控制系统设计与开发

构建了由视觉子系统、决策子系统、无线通信子系统、机器人小车子系统和总控子系统组成的集控式足球机器人系统．总结了具有集中视觉、决策与控制的集控式足球机器人系统的控制问题．设计了基于分层递阶控制结构的足球机器人决策子系统．小车控制器构成“无脑”的执行器,运动控制器中集成了各种各样的动作函数,组织层则融合了不同的决策方案．长期的开发实践和实战成绩都表明,该系统具有良好的结构和优异的性能．     

视觉伺服机器人对运动目标操作的研究

机器人视觉伺服系统是机器人领域一重要的研究方向，它的研究对于开发手眼协调的机器人在工业生产、航空航天等方面的应用有着极其重要的意义．本文着眼于视觉伺服机器人操作运动目标这一问题，分析了建立此类系统的控制结构并指明其特点；同时，详细地阐述了三个组成环节：视觉图像处理、预测及滤波、视觉控制器的研究方法和现状．最后，分析了今后的研究趋势．     

基于情感交互的仿人头部机器人

本研究的目的是设计一台机器人,使它可以与人互动,并在日常生活中和常见的地方协助人类．为了 完成这些任务,机器人必须友好地显示出一些情感,表现出友好的特点和个性．依据仿生学,研制了一台仿人头部 机器人,建立了机器人的行为决策模型．该机器人具有人类的6 种基本面部表情,以及人脸检测、语音情感识别与 合成、情感行为决策等能力,能够通过机器视觉、语音交互、情感表达等方式与人进行有效的情感交互．     

机器人手眼协调与一个摹写系统的研究

本文研究机器人在视觉引导下完成各种任务的手眼协调系统.文中阐述有关终端级智能接口技术、图象处理、视觉几何畸变校正、摄象机模型、摄象机-视场校准、机器人World坐标-视场坐标校准、基于视觉的控制等协调环节.系统由一台AT主机、一台PUMA760和一个配有CA5000视觉处理软件的     

非接触式机器人直线轨迹测量系统

视觉的、造价低廉实用的非接触式机器人直线轨迹测量系统．该测量系统由结构光视觉传感 器、测量轨道、主控计算机及相关软件组成．视觉传感器可固定于机器人末端．当机器人末 端带动视觉传感器沿测量轨道做直线运动时，通过传感器测量相对测量轨道的连续位姿关系 ，就可间接描述机器人末端的运动轨迹．当重复同一直线运动时，可检测出机器人的轨迹重 复性．本文综述了机器人直线轨迹测量设备的研究现状，介绍了轨迹检测系统的测量原 理，重点讨论了该测量系统的两个关键技术：空间特征点的图象提取技术和三维坐标计算方 法，并描述了该系统的结构、性能指标和测量试验结果．     

空间机器人分布式控制系统

针对六自由度机器人控制系统的特点以及空间环境对系统的影响,提出基于双冗余设计思想的分布式视觉伺服控制系统。该系统由主控制计算机和关节控制器、手爪控制器、手眼视觉控制器等多个节点组成。系统采用冷热两级双冗余CAN总线作为各模块问的通信总线,各节点均采用双冗余设计。各智能节点通过主控计算机的规划和协调完成对机器人系统的控制功能,解决了空间机器人控制系统处理能力、空间适应性和通信实时性等问题,并进行了系统集成和性能、功能的测试,验证了该设计方案的可行性。     

仿人机器人分布式控制系统设计与实现

针对BHBIP-1型双足步行机器人对控制系统的实时性和稳定性要求,设计实现具有3层结构的分布式控制系统,包括基于PC104的主控层、CAN总线通信层和执行层,给出上位机、关节位置伺服控制器的硬件及控制软件设计方案。样机调试结果表明,该控制系统性能良好,机器人行走过程稳定,抗干扰能力强。     

Development of Biped Robot MARI-3 for Jumping

A biped robot, MARI-3, for jumping is developed, of which the ultimate objective is fast walking and running. Its mechanical structure including the joint configuration and specification, the knee joint, and the speed reduction mechanism are described in detail. A specific control system RON (RObot Network) for MARI-3 that is a serial and distributed network and consists of a microcontroller, host unit, servo units, sensor units and servo amplifiers is presented as well as the sensor system. With the developed biped robot MARI-3, one-leg jumping of 110 ms jumping time and 4.0 cm jumping height was implemented as initiative and verification experiments. Furthermore, by comparison of MARI-3 with other jumping or running robots, MARI-3's potential ability for fast walking, jumping and running becomes clear.     

Development of a leg part of a humanoid robot-design of a biped walking robot having antagonistic driven joints using a nonlinear spring mechanism

The authors are engaged in studies of biped walking robots from the following two viewpoints. One is a viewpoint as a human science. The other is a viewpoint towards the development of humanoid robots. In the current research concerning a biped walking robot, there is no developed example of a life-size biped walking robot with antagonistically driven joints by which the human musculo-skeletal system is imitated in the lower limbs. Humans are considered to exhibit walking behavior which is both efficient and capable of flexibly coping with contact with the outside environment. However, developed biped walking robots cannot realize human walking. The human joint is driven by two or more antagonistic muscle groups. Humans can vary the joint stiffness, using nonlinear spring characteristics possessed by the muscles themselves. The function is an indispensable function for a humanoid. Therefore, the authors designed and built an anthropomorphic biped walking robot having antagonistic driven joints. In this paper, the authors introduce the design method of the robot. The authors performed walking experiments with the robot. As a result, a quasi-dynamic biped walking using antagonist driven joint was realized. The walking speed was 7.68 s per step with a 0.1 m step length.     

仿人机器人控制系统的研究与实现

根据仿人机器人控制性能的要求,设计开发了关节控制器,并通过CAN总线把各个关节控制器、力传感器及上位机连接在一起,构成了分布式控制系统．利用无线局域网技术,实现了语音、视频等多媒体信息的传输,把监控台、头部、上身和移动平台连接在一起,构成了仿人机器人完整的控制系统．最后提出了一些设想以提高系统的性能．     

Analyses of biped walking posture by dynamical-evaluating index

In this paper, biped walking posture and design are evaluated through dynamic reconfiguration manipulability shape index (DRMSI). DRMSI is the concept derived from dynamic manipulability and reconfiguration manipulability with remaining redundancy. DRMSI represents the ability of dynamical system of manipulators possessing shape changing acceleration in task space by normalized torque inputs, while the hand motion is assigned as the primary task. Besides, we use visual lifting approach to stabilize the walking and stop falling down. In this research, the primary task is to make the position of the head direct to the desired one as much as possible. And realizing the biped walking is the second task. This research indicates that proposed dynamical-evaluating index is effective in evaluating the biped walking motion and biped humanoid robot has the adjustable configuration to walk with higher flexibility. Flexibility represents the dynamical shape changeability of humanoid robot based on redundancy of the humanoid robot with the premise of the primary task given to keeping the head position high.     

A Real-Time Hybrid Architecture for Biped Humanoids with Active Vision Mechanisms

A real-time hybrid control architecture for biped humanoid robots is proposed. The architecture is modular and hierarchical. The main robot’s functionalities are organized in four parallel modules: perception, actuation, world-modeling, and hybrid control. Hybrid control is divided in three behavior-based hierarchical layers: the planning layer, the deliberative layer, and the reactive layer, which work in parallel and have very different response speeds and planning capabilities. The architecture allows: (1) the coordination of multiple robots and the execution of group behaviors without disturbing the robot’s reactivity and responsivity, which is very relevant for biped humanoid robots whose gait control requires real-time processing. (2) The straightforward management of the robot’s resources using resource multiplexers. (3) The integration of active vision mechanisms in the reactive layer under control of behavior-dependant value functions from the deliberative layer. This adds flexibility in the implementation of complex functionalities, such as the ones required for playing soccer in robot teams. The architecture is validated using simulated and real Nao humanoid robots. Passive and active behaviors are tested in simulated and real robot soccer setups. In addition, the ability to execute group behaviors in real- time is tested in international robot soccer competitions.     

从两足机器人到仿人型机器人的研究历史及其问题

本文介绍了从两足机器人发展到仿人型机器人的历 史,分析了在自由度、能量最优和碰撞研究的一些研究现状和前景,并对仿人型机器人与两 足机器人在运动特性上有所不同提出了一些问题．     

半被动双足机器人控制系统设计

为有针对性地根据不同干扰类型选择正确的抗干扰措施,有必要对无人机数据链所处环境的干扰信号进行分析和分类识别。本文以变换域通信系统(Transform Domain Communication System,TDCS)为载体,对无人机数据链常面临的干扰类型的自动识别进行研究,采用时域、频域、时频联合分析的方法,提出了一组对干信比变化不敏感的特征参数,并利用这组参数提出一种基于决策树理论的干扰分类识别方法,仿真结果表明,该方法能够快速准确地识别出干扰类型,具有很好的鲁棒性,并且在干信比和干噪比在0dB以上时,正确识别率均在90%以上。