氮化硅铁在Al2O3-C体系中的高温行为

为了研究高温条件下Al2O3-C体系中氮化硅铁的状态,以闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁、炭黑、刚玉粉为原料,将试样在高温炉中分别加热至1 450、1 500、1 600℃保温5 h,急速水冷后,对其进行XRD和显微结构分析。结果表明:1 450℃烧后试样的物相包含β-Si3N4、α-Si3N4、α-Al2O3和Fe3Si;1 500℃烧后试样的物相为β-Si3N4、SiC、α-Al2O3和Fe3Si;1 600℃烧后试样中Si3N4大部分转变为SiC,其他物相未发生变化。在升温过程中,氮化硅逐渐转化为碳化硅,材料结构致密。     

闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的氮化机理

以硅铁合金Fe Si75为原料,研究了闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的氮化机理。结果表明:在氮化过程中,首先是硅的活性氧化,硅被氧化生成气态Si O,使得体系氧分压降低,当氧分压p(O2)≤10–20 MPa(T=1 823 K)时,Si与N2(g)直接反应形成氮化硅,气态Si O最终与N2(g)发生反应生成氮化硅。硅铁合金Fe Si75中的Fe Si2与Fe0.42Si2.67没有促进氮化硅的形成,且与未参与氮化反应的硅反应形成Fe3Si。氮化硅铁的主要物相为氮化硅和Fe3Si,其中存在大量的柱状氮化硅,Fe3Si被柱状Si3N4包裹,呈孤立状态。     

硅铁闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁

利用闪速燃烧合成新技术 ,以粒度≤ 0 .0 88mm的FeSi75硅铁细粉为原料 ,在 0 .2MPa的低氮气压力与 14 0 0℃的燃烧温度条件下 ,制备了细蜂窝状氮化硅铁。XRD和SEM分析结果表明 ,这种氮化硅铁主要由短柱状β Si3N4 相和Si3Fe相组成 ,其结构特征是以Si3Fe形成核心 ,并被Si3N4 包裹。同时 ,还用热力学原理探讨了由硅铁闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的工艺条件、形成产物的形式、反应的中间产物和残留金属的形态。热力学研究结论和实验检测结果相一致 ,从而在理论上阐明了闪速燃烧合成是制备氮化硅铁的一种理想工艺     

用Si-Fe反应烧结制备Fe-Si_3N_4-SiC复合材料的性能研究

以FeSi75和SiC为主要原料,直接氮化反应烧结,成功制备了综合性能优异的Fe-Si3N4-SiC复合材料。对硅铁氮化进行了化学热力学计算,并分析了产物的物相组成及显微结构。结果表明,氮化产物有α-Si3N4、β-Si3N4,呈纤维状、柱状;维持一定低氧分压对氮化过程有利;产物中存在大量细分散的硅铁金属间化合物,硅铁不能完全氮化,过多Fe阻碍Si的氮化,Fe以Fe3Si形式存在。     

铁元素在氮化硅铁中的存在状态

用化学分析、XRD，SEM，EDS等检测手段，首次对闪速燃烧工艺制备的新型合成原料——氮化硅铁(Fe-Si3N4)中铁元素的存在状态进行了研究。结果表明：以小于0．074mm的FeSi75颗粒为原料制备氮化硅铁时，FeSi75颗粒表面的硅原子氮化形成氮化硅包覆层，硅铁受热熔化；随着硅的持续氮化减少，铁含量相对增加，硅的氮化难度加大；最后，铁以Fe3Si和α-Fe两种形式保留下来，并且主要分布于氮化硅粉体颗粒的内部，并用热力学进行了分析。     

自增韧Si_3N_4陶瓷的制备与性能研究

本文对自增韧Si3N4陶瓷材料进行了研究。采用SHS合成的α-Si3N4为原料,添加复合稀土氧化物Y2O3、Al2O3,采用热压烧结制备自增韧氮化硅,热压温度为:1800℃;压力为:30MPa。研究了不同的稀土、添加剂对氮化硅自增韧效果的影响。测试了样品体积密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性。采用SEM和XRD分析了样品的显微结构和物相组成。实验结果表明,样品的最优配比为:70%α-Si3N4,22%TiC,6%Y2O3,2%Al2O3;样品的相对密度为99.82%,抗弯强度为788.04MPa;断裂韧性为12.45MPa.m1/2。其主晶相为β-Si3N4,有较明显的长柱状晶体。     

可加工氮化硅/氮化硼复相陶瓷的制备

以硅(Si)粉、六方氮化硼(h-BN)为原料,在氮气(N2)中用燃烧合成(combustion synthesis,CS)气固反应法,原位生成可加工氮化硅/氮化硼(Si3N4/h-BN)复相陶瓷.考察了h-BN不同体积分数(下同)对Si3N4/h-BN复相陶瓷可加工性的影响.结果表明:在实验条件下,Si粉氮化完全,不存在残余的游离Si.Si3N4/h-BN复相陶瓷中以柱状β-Si3N4为主相,β-Si3N4晶粒之间为针状h-BN相.随着h-BN相含量的增加,Si3N4/h-BN复相陶瓷的可加工性提高,抗弯强度先减小后增加.h-BN含量为25%时,Si3N4/h-BN复相陶瓷的抗弯强度最低.     

成型压力对原位氮化生成Si3N4结合MgO-C材料性能影响

以电熔镁砂、单质Si粉和鳞片石墨为主要原料,木质磺酸钙溶液(1.25 g/mL)为结合剂,氮气气氛下分别于低温段1350℃氮化2h和高温段1500℃氮化3h制备成MgO-C材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别分析试样的物相组成和显微结构,显气孔率、体积密度和耐压强度被用来表征试样的物理性能.结果表明:除500 MPa成型压力下试样内部生成少量的MgSiN2相外,不同成型压力氮化后试样的物相组成并无明显变化,主要生成α-Si3N4、β-Si3N4和少量的SiC相.试样内部原位氮化合成的β-Si3N4晶体主要呈现长柱状形貌.当成型压力为400 MPa时,β-Si3N4晶体的尺寸最大,试样显气孔率最低,耐压强度最大.     

埋碳条件下氮化硅铁-刚玉复合材料的反应机理

以热固型酚醛树脂为结合剂,在刚玉中分别引入质量分数为0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的氮化硅铁,制备出氮化硅铁-刚玉复合材料。结果表明:样品在埋碳气氛下于1 450℃保温24h处理后,常温耐压强度增加;添加氮化硅铁质量分数为15%的样品,耐压强度达到132MPa。氮化硅铁中部分Fe3Si转化成为Fe4N;热固酚醛树脂结合剂中部分残碳与氮气反应生成C3N4;氮化硅与刚玉发生固溶,生成Si5AlON7(Z=1)。氮化硅铁中的氮化硅与刚玉固溶形成Sialon。新形成的物相(Fe4N、C3N4和Si5AlON7)改善了样品的性能。     

热力学相图计算技术在闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁中的应用

将热力学相图计算技术应用于Si-Fe-O-N体系,以评估由FeSi75粉闪速燃烧合成氮化硅铁的条件和目标产物。结果表明:将闪速燃烧温度控制在1200～1500℃之间较为适宜,此时平衡态产物中除主要含有Si3N4以外,还有一定量的Fe与Si间化合物和少量稳定的SiO2存在。此计算结果与实际试验结果吻合良好。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。