微流控芯片基片与盖片一体化注塑成型研究

针对微流控芯片基片与盖片的结构特点,提出了定模先行抽芯机构,设计制造了微流控芯片基片与盖片一体化注塑成型模具,并进行注塑成型试验研究.结果表明:定模先行抽芯机构可以有效解决盖片上圆孔状储液池成型与脱模的技术难题,如何使微通道复制完全是微流控芯片基片注塑成型的主要技术难点;模具温度对提高微通道复制度起决定性作用,注射速度和熔体温度是次要因素,而注射压力相对其他因素影响力较差,但必须保持在一个较高的水平,依此形成塑料微流控芯片的注塑成型工艺规范.     

聚合物微流控芯片的注射成型

针对注塑成型微流控芯片过程中出现翘曲变形和微通道复制精度不高等缺陷,采用正交分析法,仿真优化了芯片厚度方向上的翘曲变形;基于翘曲优化结果,实验研究了微注射成型微流控芯片过程中模具温度、熔体温度和注射速度对微通道变形的影响。结果表明,保压时间和保压压力对微流控芯片的翘曲变形影响最大,而模具温度对微通道变形影响最为显著。采用优化的工艺参数,所成型的芯片微通道具有较高的复制度,无明显翘曲变形,可满足使用要求。     

微结构塑件注塑成型的复制度分析EI北大核心CSCD

以典型微结构塑件———微流控芯片为研究对象,对芯片纵、横微通道的复制度进行比较、分析。发现在注塑成型过程中,由于熔体与型腔微凸起之间的作用关系不同,导致芯片纵、横微通道的复制度存在明显差异,且横向微通道两侧的开口形状也不一致;基于熔体充模流动基本理论,建立了用来描述横向微通道开口圆角大小的数学表达式;利用新型电热式变模温注塑成型系统,对上述分析结果加以实验验证。结果表明,实测横向微通道开口圆角大小与计算结果基本一致。     

微结构塑件注塑成型的复制度分析

以典型微结构塑件———微流控芯片为研究对象,对芯片纵、横微通道的复制度进行比较、分析。发现在注塑成型过程中,由于熔体与型腔微凸起之间的作用关系不同,导致芯片纵、横微通道的复制度存在明显差异,且横向微通道两侧的开口形状也不一致;基于熔体充模流动基本理论,建立了用来描述横向微通道开口圆角大小的数学表达式;利用新型电热式变模温注塑成型系统,对上述分析结果加以实验验证。结果表明,实测横向微通道开口圆角大小与计算结果基本一致。     

注射成型工艺对微流控芯片微通道尺寸均匀性的影响

为了制造微通道尺寸均匀的微流控芯片,提出以梯形微通道上宽和深度的标准差来表征尺寸均匀性,研究了注射成型工艺参数对环烯烃类共聚物(COC)微流控芯片微通道尺寸均匀性的影响规律,为工艺参数的设置提供指导。结果表明,工艺参数对微通道上宽的影响较大,上宽标准差的最大极差为3.82μm;对微通道深度影响较小,深度标准差的最大极差为0.61μm。此外,模具温度对微通道尺寸均匀性的影响最显著,模具温度从80℃上升至120℃,微通道尺寸均匀性先略微下降,后逐渐提高,最低上宽标准差为3.24μm,下降幅度为54%。保压压力对微通道尺寸均匀性的影响最小,保压压力从80 MPa增加至120 MPa,微通道的尺寸均匀性逐渐提高,但最大标准差极差仅为1.29μm。     

微结构塑件的注塑充填尺度效应

微尺度聚合物熔体流动具有明显的尺度效应,模具温度和注射速率是微注塑充填流动的关键影响因素。文中采用微细电火花铣削技术设计分别制造了一模八腔的带有200μm和300μm微孔的注塑模具。以聚丙烯(PP)进行单因素充模流动工艺实验,研究了模具温度和注射速率对直径为200μm和300μm微圆柱充填高度影响规律。结果表明,当模具温度为30℃和注射速率为60%时,直径200μm微圆柱孔的充填高度小于直径300μm微圆柱孔的充填高度,且Ⅰ型腔的微圆柱充填高度大于Ⅱ的充填高度。随着模具温度升高和注射速率增加,2种微孔充填高度差在减小,Ⅰ型腔和Ⅱ型腔之间的充填高度差值也在减小。可见,升高模具温度和增加注射速率可以减少微尺度效应对微圆柱孔充填高度的影响,同时,还可以减小流动不平衡程度。     

微注塑成型中对流换热系数对熔体充模流动的影响

在熔体流动理论的基础上,通过分析熔体的对流传热机理,并引入对流换热系数模型,对微注塑成型中对流换热系数对熔体充模流动进行了研究。在正方形截面分别为500μm、300μm和200μm的三种长方形微流道中,数值模拟了熔体充模流动,通过与已有实验数据相比较,验证了对流换热系数模型的合理性,并分析了不同的模具温度和熔体温度下,采用常数对流换热系数和对流换热系数模型得到的熔体温度分布及其随微流道特征尺度变化规律。     

微注塑充模流动中的粘性耗散效应

微注塑成型中的粘性耗散效应引起的熔体充模流动行为变化,直接影响微塑件的成型质量。应用双料筒毛细管流变仪与微尺度口模和高精度温度传感器等组成的测量装置,对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)熔体以不同剪切速率和口模入口温度,流经直径350μm和500μm而长径比不同口模时的粘性耗散效应进行了实验测量和数值模拟。结果表明,微通道中的熔体粘性耗散效应随剪切速率的增加而明显增强,随通道直径的减小和入口熔体温度的升高而减弱;但通道直径一定时,长径比的增大也会导致粘性耗散作用增强。     

微结构塑件注射成型试验研究与缺陷分析

以具有微结构的塑件——微流控芯片为研究对象,利用单因素试验方法研究注射工艺参数对微结构复制不完全和表面缩痕这两种主要成型缺陷的影响并加以分析。结果表明,注射速度和模具温度是影响微结构复制不完全的主要因素,注射压力起次要作用,保压压力影响不明显;影响芯片表面缩痕的主要因素是模具温度和保压压力;保压时间对微结构填充度的影响很小,但却是芯片整体翘曲变形的主要原因。     

微齿轮注塑成型正交优化及数值模拟

介绍了采用高聚物成型微齿轮的主要成型方法--微注射成型.比较了不同种类的注射原料ABS、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)的成型工艺,并就影响微注射成型中影响微制件质量的主要工艺过程:充模压力、熔体温度、模具温度和充填时间等进行数值模拟研究,采用正交优化方法对成型方案进行优化,获得优化的成型参数.为微齿轮成型模具的结构设计、成型工艺参数的合理化等等提供理论依据.通过对微齿轮成型过程的数值模拟优化,得到微注射成型的模具温度升高、注射压力增大、注射温度升高都会缩短充模时间;结果显示,聚合物材料对微注塑齿轮的适用性依次为:ABS＞PP＞PC.     

Potentiometric titrations in a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic device

This paper describes a microfluidic device, fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane), that is used for potentiometric titrations. This system generates step gradients of redox potentials in a series of microchannels. These potentials are probed by microelectrodes that are integrated into the chip; the measured potentials were used to produce a titration curve from which the end point of a reaction was measured.     

A Flexible Piezoelectric Sensor for Microfluidic Applications Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride

A flexible technology for microfluidic applications using piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was developed. The flexible piezoelectric PVDF detects the flow rates and impulse pressure signal using piezoelectric characteristics. This study uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to fabricate the sensing patterns on PVDF sheets, designs a molding transfer to form the microfluidic channels of the PDMS, and integrates them together. Experimental results show that PVDF films has good piezoelectricity at stretching ratio of 4, the flow rates ranged from 100 to 450 mL/min at dynamic controlling sensing, the miniature curvature radius is about 3 cm, and the cross section of the flexible microchannels is about 200 times 200 mum². The feasibility studies show that molding transfer is an appropriate low-cost technology for fabricating the flexible piezoelectric channels. The PVDF can be easily manufactured using MEMS process because it has a good mechanical strength and electrochemical stability in polymers.     

Performance of an integrated microoptical system for fluorescence detection in microfluidic systems

This article presents a new integrated microfluidic/microoptic device designed for basic biochemical analysis. The microfluidic network is wet-etched in a Borofloat 33 (Pyrex) glass wafer and sealed by means of a second wafer. Unlike other similar microfluidic systems, elements of the detection system are realized with the help of microfabrication techniques and directly deposited on both sides of the microchemical chip. The detection system is composed of the combination of refractive circular or elliptical microlens arrays and chromium aperture arrays. The microfluidic channels are 60 microm wide and 25 microm deep. The elliptical microlenses have a major axis of 400 microm and a minor axis of 350 microm. The circular microlens diameters range from 280 microm to 350 microm. The apertures deposited on the outer chip surfaces are etched in a 3000-A-thick chromium layer. The overall thickness of this microchemical system is < 1.6 mm. A limit of detection of 3.3 nM for a Cy5 solution in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was demonstrated. The cross-talk signal measured between two adjacent microchannels with 1 mm pitch was < 1:5600, meaning that < or = 1.8 x 10(-4)% of the fluorescence light power emitted from one microchannel filled with a 50 microM Cy5 solution reaches the photodetector at the adjacent microchannel. This performance compares very well with that obtainable in microchemical chips using confocal fluorescence systems, taking differences in parameters, such as excitation power into microchannels, data acquisition rates, and signal filtering into account.     

行波压电微泵的制作和测试(英文)

微泵是微流体芯片发展水平的重要标志.为提高微泵的工作性能,提出了一种新型行波驱动的压电微泵.在设计了不同的微管道结构(锯齿形微管道和直微管道)的基础上,对压电执行器和微管道进行仿真分析和优化设计.采用热键合工艺制作具有不同微管道的微泵,在不同频率的驱动信号下测定行波微泵的频率特性,同时也测量了微泵流速与背压的关系曲线以及电压幅值特性.相比于直管道微泵,锯齿形管道微泵具有更好的工作性能,在26 V驱动电压下,其最大平均流速和背压分别达到33.36μL/min和1.13 kPa.     

Electrokinetically driven microfluidic chips with surface-modified chambers for heterogeneous immunoassays

This article presents the first example of a microfluidic chip for heterogeneous bioassays using a locally immobilized biospecific layer and operated electrokinetically. The reaction chamber has picoliter dimensions and is integrated into a network of microchannels etched in glass. The high affinity of protein A (PA) for rabbit immunoglobulin G (rIgG) was exploited for chip testing, with PA being immobilized on microchannel walls and fluorescently labeled (Cy5) rIgG serving as sample. It was possible to operate the chip in an immunoaffinity chromatographic manner, using electrokinetically pumped solutions. Concentration of antibody from dilute solution onto the solid phase was demonstrated, with signal gains of approximately 30 possible. A dose-response curve for Cy5-rIgG was obtained for concentrations down to 50 nM, for an incubation time of 200 s. The flexibility of chip layout was demonstrated for competitive immunoassay of rIgG, using both a combined sample/tracer incubation and sequential addition of these solutions. With assay times generally below 5 min for this unoptimized device, the microfluidic approach described shows great potential for many high-throughput screening applications.     

基于局部溶解性激活的聚合物微流控芯片超声波键合

利用低于临界振幅下的超声波作用在聚合物上仅产生表面热的特点,结合PMMA在异丙醇(IPA)中的温变溶解特性,提出了一种基于局部溶解性激活的超声波聚合物微流控芯片键合方法.理论分析表明当超声振幅小于临界振幅时,只有器件接触表面产生局部表面热,而且在70℃附近IPA对PMMA的溶解性才具有良好的激活作用.在试验研究中,利用精密加工法和热压法制作了带面接触式导能筋结构和80μm×80μm微通道的PMMA微流控芯片基片.在超声振幅为13μm、键合时间8 s、键合压力300 N的条件下进行了键合试验.结果表明,芯片拉伸强度达2.25 MPa,微通道的承压能力超过800 kPa,键合后导能筋无熔融,微沟道变形率小于2%,键合时间仅为8s.该方法的键合强度和键合效率明显高于传统的键合方法,而微结构的变形率却较小,故可作为一种具有产业化前景的聚合物MEMS器件快速封接方法.     

A Polymer Microfluidic Chip With Interdigitated Electrodes Arrays for Simultaneous Dielectrophoretic Manipulation and Impedimetric Detection of Microparticles

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a polymer microfluidic biochip with integrated interdigitated electrodes arrays (IDAs) used to simultaneously separate, manipulate, and detect microparticles using dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The DEP response of silica microspheres has been characterized, and microspheres of different sizes (1.8 and 3.5 in diameter) have been DEP flow separated and individually trapped in different microchambers by IDAs in a single run. Simultaneously, the impedance change caused by microspheres captured on IDAs has been analyzed for quantification. High-throughput polymer microfabrication techniques such as micro injection molding were used in this work, so that the polymer microfluidic chip can be produced in a low-cost, disposable platform. This low-cost microfluidic chip provides a generic platform for developing multifunctional lab-on-a-chip devices that require the ability to handle and sense microparticles.     

Microfabricated polymer analysis chip for optical detection

A coupling between multimode polymer waveguides and microfluidic channels on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) capillary electrophoresis (CE)-chip for optical analytical applications has been successfully realised. This technology allows the integration of polymer optical waveguides together with hermetically sealed fluidic channels. The microchannels and waveguides are made in PMMA by the approved hot-embossing technology. The technology developed for the fabrication of polymer waveguides on the microfluidic chip offers the possibility of great flexibility in the choice of core materials, design and alignment of the polymer waveguides. The integration of polymer waveguides on an analysis chip enables highly spatially resolved optical detection without the large and expensive conventionally used apparatus. The optical properties of the analytical system developed are verified by transmission and propagation loss measurements. The results of measurements prove the suitability of the presented device for optical applications between 440 and 800 nm. This was shown with absorbance measurements of the dye Sulfanilazochromotrop (SPADNS) within 50 microm fluidic channels.     

Stable microstructured network for protein patterning on a plastic microfluidic channel: strategy and characterization of on-chip enzyme microreactors

Chemical modification of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchannel surface has been explored to functionalize microfluidic chip systems. A craft copolymer was designed and synthesized to introduce the silane functional groups onto the plastic surface first. Furthermore, it has been found that, through a silicon-oxygen-silicon bridge that formed by tethering to these functional groups, a stable patterning network of gel matrix could be achieved. Thus, anchorage of proteins could be realized onto the hydrophobic PMMA microchannels with bioactivity preserved as far as possible. The protein homogeneous patterning in a microfluidic channel has been demonstrated by performing microchip capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection and confocal fluorescence microscopy. To investigate the bioactivity of enzymes entrapped within stable silica gel-derived microchannels, the suggested scheme was employed to the construction of immobilized enzyme microreactor-on-a-chip. The proteolytic activity of immobilized trypsin has been demonstrated with the digestion of cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin at a fast flow rate of 4.0 microL/min, which affords the short residence time less than 5 s. The digestion products were characterized using MALDI-TOF MS with sequence coverage of 75 and 31% observed, respectively. This research exhibited a simple but effective strategy of plastic microchip surface modification for protein immobilization in biological and proteomic research.