分层优化PF在六维力传感器下E型膜中的应用

针对动载环境下,噪声污染导致六维力传感器测量精度急剧下降的问题,提出一种具有分层优化步骤的改进粒子滤波算法。以双E型弹性体六维力传感器下E型膜为研究对象,根据正弦激励力响应和应变的关系,建立非线性系统模型。在粒子滤波的框架下,将样本集按权值的蜕化程度分层,引入野草繁殖算法,将最新的观测信息融入高权值子集。基于Thompson-Taylor算法,通过聚合重采样将高、低权值粒子随机组合,产生中权值粒子集。将优化后的粒子滤波算法在六维力传感器动态测试系统中进行仿真研究,结果表明,该算法能以更小的估计误差贴近真实后验概率密度,在保持实时性的同时,有效地提高六维力传感器的测量精度。     

基于混沌的萤火虫改进粒子滤波算法研究

针对常规的粒子滤波算法存在粒子权值退化和采样粒子贫化以及需要大量粒子才能进行比较准确的状态估计的问题,提出了一种基于混沌的萤火虫改进粒子滤波算法.利用混沌系统所具有的遍历性和随机性初始化粒子群,使得初始粒子分布更加均匀,同时向常规粒子滤波算法中引进萤火虫算法的寻优机制,使得粒子能够向高似然区域运动,提高了滤波精度,并对部分权值优秀粒子进行混沌细搜索,对部分权值低的粒子进行再生,提高了种群多样性.实验表明:该方法尤其是在粒子种群数量较小的情况下,较常规粒子滤波精度更高,并有效地改善了权值退化和样本贫化问题.     

基于信息分享机制的粒子滤波算法及其在视觉跟踪中的应用

针对基本粒子滤波方法存在的权值退化和计算效率低问题,提出了一种基于信息分享机制的粒子滤波算法.该方法将粒子群优化算法和蚁群优化算法的优化思想共同作用到粒子更新中,实现粒子之间信息共享,从而增强粒子的多样性和最优估计能力.同时分析了该算法的收敛性.视觉跟踪实验表明,该算法能用较少的粒子实现单目标和多目标跟踪,综合跟踪性能优于基本粒子滤波和基于粒子群优化的粒子滤波方法,验证了本算法的有效性.     

基于Student's t分布的自适应重采样粒子滤波算法

针对粒子滤波在跟踪非线性状态突变系统的隐状态时,因粒子贫化导致估计精度下降的问题,提出一种基于Student''s t分布的自适应重采样粒子滤波算法.首先,将Student''s t分布作为采样尺度转移方程,再自适应地将粒子依据权值大小分为两个子集;然后,对子集执行自适应交叉和变异操作,得到新生粒子集,从而自适应地提升粒子多样性,达到提升估计精度的目的.实验结果验证了所提出算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于目标跟踪的粒子群粒子滤波算法研究

针对粒子滤波方法在重采样阶段容易造成样本有效性和多样性的损失,导致了样本贫化问题,提出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法.算法将粒子群优化思想引入粒子滤波中,在粒子采样过程前先利用粒子群算法进行优化.粒子群算法将最新观测值融合到粒子进化公式中,大部分粒子经过粒子群优化后,朝着后验概率分布比较密集的区域运动,聚集在最优粒子附近,使粒子的权值被提高,避免了在重新采样过程中被舍弃,进而缓解了样本被贫化问题.目标跟踪系统中的位置估计由于物体运动具有突然性,很难准确估计.采用非线性目标跟踪模型和分时恒定值模型分别研究改进粒子滤波算法对误差均方值的影响.仿真结果表明改进算法与常规粒子滤波算法和扩展卡曼滤波算法相比,更加有效地降低变量的误差均方值,从而提高了滤波性能.     

高斯粒子群优化粒子滤波检测前跟踪算法

针对低信噪比时标准粒子滤波对弱小目标的检测与跟踪时存在的粒子贫乏、跟踪精度对粒子数目要求高等问题,提出一种基于高斯粒子群优化粒子滤波的弱小目标检测前跟踪算法。利用高斯粒子群优化算法优化重采样后的粒子集,使粒子集朝着后验概率密度分布取值较大的区域运动,增加粒子的多样性,克服了粒子贫乏问题,并在保证跟踪精度的前提下降低了跟踪所需要的粒子数目,提高了标准粒子滤波算法的检测和跟踪性能。同时,建立了检测前跟踪系统的观测模型和系统模型,对基于标准粒子滤波检测前跟踪算法和优化算法进行仿真,仿真实验结果表明高斯粒子群优化粒子滤波的检测前跟踪算法相比基于标准粒子滤波的检测前跟踪算法具有更好的检测与跟踪性能。     

基于分层转移的粒子滤波MCMC重采样算法

针对粒子滤波中如何设计重采样策略以解决“权值蜕化”,同时又可避免“样本贫化”的问题,提出一种基于分层转移的Monte Carlo Markov链（MCMC）重采样算法．当样本容量检测出现“蜕化”时,将样本集按权值蜕化程度进行分层,利用提出的变异繁殖算法,将其与PSO融合产生MCMC转移核,并施以分层子集;然后通过Metroplis—Hastings算法进行接收-拒绝采样,由此构建的Markov链可收敛到与目标真实后验等价的平稳分布．数值仿真结果表明,所提出的算法能以更快的收敛速度和更小的估计误差贴近目标真实后验,从而提高了估计精度．     

权值优化组合粒子滤波算法研究

重采样粒子滤波算法（Sampling Importance Resampling,SIR）能够克服粒子群衰退现象,但同时减少了粒子的多样性,导致滤波性能下降甚至滤波发散。提出了一种基于权值优化组合的粒子滤波算法（Weight Optimal Combination Particle Filter,WOCPF）,通过在重采样前对粒子权值和粒子群权值的均值进行优化组合,减少重采样中抛弃的粒子数,保持了粒子的多样性,提高了算法的精度。仿真结果证明,粒子数相同情况下,WOCPF算法性能优于SIR算法。     

残差补偿粒子滤波在六维力传感器下E膜中的应用

为减小动载环境下,噪声信号对六维力传感器测量精度的影响,提出一种具有残差补偿步骤的改进粒子滤波算法(RCPF)。该算法以双E型弹性体六维力传感器下E型膜为研究对象,根据挠度和应变的关系,建立非线性系统模型。根据权值蜕化程度,将样本集分层;借鉴残差补偿思想,在粒子重采样前修复先验分布的累积误差,将最新的观测信息融入样本集;基于Thompson-Taylor算法,通过聚合重采样将高、低权值粒子随机组合,产生新粒子集。将优化算法应用于六维力传感器动态测试系统。结果表明,RCPF算法具有更好的估计精度,在保持实时性的同时,有效地提高了六维力传感器的测量精度。     

萤火虫算法智能优化粒子滤波

针对粒子滤波(Particle filter, PF)重采样导致的粒子贫化以及需要大量粒子才能进行状态估计的问题,本文结合粒子滤波的运行机制,对萤火虫算法的寻优方式进行修正,设计了新的萤火虫位置更新公式和荧光亮度计算公式,并在此基础上提出了萤火虫算法智能优化粒子滤波.该方法引入了萤火虫群体的优胜劣汰机制以及萤火虫个体的吸引和移动的行为,使粒子群智能地向高似然区域移动,提高了粒子群的整体质量.实验表明该方法提高了粒子滤波的预测精度,同时大大降低了状态值预测所需的粒子数量.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.