造血干细胞移植治疗湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征的临床研究——单中心11年回顾性分析

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征(WAS)的疗效、早期并发症、预后影响因素及脐血作为WAS移植供体选择的可行性。方法对上海儿童医学中心2006年11月-2018年9月接受allo-HSCT的29例确诊WAS患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 29例WAS患儿接受allo-HSCT治疗,其中13例接受脐血(UCB)移植,16例接受外周血干细胞(PBSC)移植,其中同胞全相合供体(MSD)移植2例,全相合无关供体(MUD)移植8例,不全相合无关供体(MMUD)4例,亲缘不全相合供体(MMSD)移植2例。经环磷酰胺+白消安+抗人胸腺球蛋白清髓性预处理后,所有患儿均获得完全植入。总体2年无病生存率为93%(27/29)。UCB和PBSC移植中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位时间分别为12d vs.11d(P=0.215)和47d vs.26d(P=0.133)。69%患者发生aGVHD,均为2～3度皮肤GVHD,UCB移植患者与PBSC移植患者相比aGVHD发生程度及持续时间无差异(P值分别为0.445和0.345)。不全相合较全相合供体移植aGVHD持续时间更长(P=0.001),但两者间aGVHD发生程度及频率差异无显著性(P=0.875)。导管相关血行感染主要发生于围移植期,发生率26.1%。结论 allo-HSCT治疗WAS总体预后好,脐血是WAS患儿合适的造血干细胞来源。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗儿童高IgM综合征的临床分析

目的 评估异基因造血干细胞移植（allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT）治疗儿童高IgM综合征（hyper-IgM syndrome,HIGM）的疗效。 方法 回顾性收集行allo-HSCT的17例HIGM患儿的临床资料并进行分析,采用Kaplan-Meier法对移植后HIGM患儿进行生存分析。 结果 移植后,16例患儿临床诊断败血症;14例患儿在移植后100 d内病毒检测阳性,包括EB病毒11例、巨细胞病毒7例、JC病毒2例等;9例患儿存在侵袭性真菌病。急/慢性移植物抗宿主病分别有6例和3例。中位随访时间约为2年,3例患儿移植后早期死亡。患儿总生存（overall survival,OS）率、无事件生存（event-free survival,EFS）率和无病生存（disease-free survival,DFS）率分别为82.35%、70.59%和76.47%。log-rank检验结果显示,全相合移植患儿的EFS率高于不全相合移植患儿（P=0.019）,全相合无关供者移植患儿的OS率、EFS率和DFS率均显著优于不全相合无关供者移植患儿（P<0.05）,移植后无真菌感染患儿的EFS率与DFS率优于合并真菌感染患儿（P<0.05）。 结论 allo-HSCT能有效治疗HIGM。接受全相合移植并积极防治真菌及机会性感染有助于改善患儿预后。     

无关供体造血干细胞移植治疗46例儿童难治性白血病疗效分析

目的 评估无关供体造血干细胞移植(UDT)治疗儿童难治性白血病的疗效.方法 回顾性分析连续在我院接受UDT的46例白血病患儿的临床资料.急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿接受全身放疗为主的预处理、急性髓细胞性白血病(AMI)和慢性粒细胞性白血病(CML)患儿采用白消安清髓.结果 中位年龄8.0(2～17)岁,3年总存活率(OS)63.0%,23.9%患儿死于移植相关并发症,13.0%患儿死于白血病复发.移植过程中33.3%出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD),55.6%发生慢性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)(13.9%为慢性广泛性GVHD).大于10岁、小于10岁患儿的OS差异有统计学意义(45.0%vs. 76.9%,P=0.015);ALL患儿3年OS明显差于CML和AML(38.4%、66.7%vs. 80.0%,P=0.034);高危白血病疗效明显差于低危患儿(45.8% vs.81.8%,P=0.012);人类白细胞抗原(HLA)高分辨6/6全相合、1/6不合较2/6位点不合患儿的OS显著增高(75.0%,75.0% vs.16.7%,P=0.007);移植中出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ度与0～Ⅱ度aGVHD患儿相比OS差异无统计学意义(66.0% vs.66.7%,P=0.494).结论 UDT治疗我国儿童难治性白血病疗效令人满意.小于10岁、HLA相合度高是UDT的有利因素,髓系、低危白血病疗效优于其他白血病.     

亲缘单倍型造血干细胞移植治疗儿童急性白血病疗效分析

目的评价单倍型造血干细胞移植(haplo-HSCT)治疗儿童急性白血病(AL)的疗效。方法收集自2006年1月-2011年12月在我院移植病房进行的亲缘haplo-HSCT治疗儿童AL共23例,总结临床特征,观察haplo-HSCT后植入情况、无病及总体生存率、白血病复发及相关并发症,分析影响生存率的因素。结果 23例AL患儿中,男16例,女7例,中位年龄8.0(4.0～13.5)岁。供者中父亲8例,母亲9例,兄弟姐妹6例,HLA配型3/6相合11例,4/6相合8例,5/6相合3例,6/6相合1例(来自患儿母亲)。回输CD34+细胞平均数10.59(2.90～39.44)×106/kg,回输MNC平均数16.58(6.06～27.49)×108/kg。所有患儿均获得完全植入。急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)Ⅰ°～Ⅱ°20例,占87%;Ⅲ°～Ⅳ°3例,占13%;慢性GVHD发生率59%(13/23)。中位随访时间896(62-2443)d。死亡病例中5例为白血病复发,6例死于移植相关并发症,12例无病存活。5年总生存率52.2%。复发率21.7%。仅复发为影响生存率的因素,与白血病类型、病人性别、年龄、移植前状态,预处理方案、aGVHD之间差异均无显著性。结论 haplo-HSCT治疗儿童AL总生存率可达到50%以上,复发率相对较低,GVHD以轻度为主,重度GVHD可控制理想。多因素分析影响生存率的主要原因为原发病复发,但是GVHD仍是可能影响因素,由于病例数较少,需要扩大样本量再评估。     

儿童造血干细胞移植86例临床分析

目的 分析造血干细胞移植术(HSCT)治疗儿童血液肿瘤性疾病的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年4月在徐州医科大学附属医院儿科行HSCT 86例患儿的临床资料。结果 86例HSCT患儿,男50例、女36例,中位年龄11(9～14)岁。急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)27例,急性髓系白血病(AML)28例,再生障碍性贫血(AA)16例,淋巴瘤5例,慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)4例,骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)3例,神经母细胞瘤(NB)、系统新硬化症(SSc)及肾上腺脑白质营养不良(ALD)各1例。自体移植7例、脐血移植4例、异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)75例。86例患儿中位随访时间29.5(17.6～44.0)月。植入成功84例,自体移植和allo-HSCT各失败1例;复发14例,自体移植复发4例,allo-HSCT复发10例;Ⅲ/Ⅳ移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)6例,均为allo-HSCT;死亡20例,其中自体移植4例,allo-HSCT 16例。Fisher精确检验结果显示自体移植、脐血移植、同胞全相合、半相合4组间发生Ⅰ/Ⅱ级aGVHD差异有统计学意义(P&l...     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗儿童急性髓系白血病临床研究

目的评估应用异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗儿童急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床疗效及相关影响因素。方法回顾分析2002年1月至2017年11月49例确诊中、高危及复发AML行allo-HSCT患儿的临床资料,分析危险度分级、HLA分型、移植前状态、移植方式、干细胞来源及急慢性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)等对allo-HSCT治疗效果的影响。结果 49例患儿中男35例、女14例,中位年龄9岁。三年总体存活率(OS)为(59.2±7.3)%,无白血病存活率(LFS)为(50.9±7.4)%。其中第1次缓解状态移植、非血缘移植、外周血干细胞移植、中危组移植的三年LFS分别为69.8%、69. 2%、73. 7%、65. 8%。19例死亡,分别为复发13例、严重感染5例、多器官衰竭1例。COX回归模型结果显示,急性GVHD是影响移植OS的独立危险因素(RR=3. 16,95%CI:1. 23～8. 09,P=0. 017),移植前状态为部分缓解及未缓解是影响移植LFS的独立危险因素(RR=4.76,95%CI:1.52～14.94,P=0.008;RR=5.28,95%CI:1.68～16.58,P=0.004)。结论移植前状态及急性GVHD是影响Allo-HSCT治疗儿童AML疗效的关键因素;白血病复发及感染是导致死亡的主要原因。     

儿童异基因造血干细胞移植后淋巴细胞增殖性疾病的临床研究

目的探讨儿童异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后淋巴细胞增殖性疾病（PTLD）的诊治及预后。方法回顾性分析4例allo-HSCT后EBV相关性PTLD（EBV．PTLD）患儿的临床资料。其中,急性淋巴细胞白血病（高危）（ALL—HR）2例,重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）2例。异基因外周血造血干细胞移植（allo-PBSCT）3例,异基因脐血造血干细胞移植（allo-UCBSCT）1例。结果4例患儿分别于allo．HSCT后第53、101、22、42d发生PTLD。临床表现为发热、鼻塞、扁桃体肿大、淋巴结肿大和肝脾肿大,移植前均EBNA-1-IgG（＋）、VCA．IgG（＋）;移植后EBV．DNA1．69×10^4～8．62×10^8 copies／mL。经淋巴结病理活检确诊为EBV-PTLD,其中1例为T细胞来源,3例为B细胞来源。例1予减停免疫抑制剂、使用利妥昔单抗、联合COP方案化疗及供者淋巴细胞输注（DU）治疗,PTLD反复且发生严重皮肤GVHD、肺部感染,移植后第193d死亡。余3例予减停免疫抑制剂及利妥昔单抗治疗,临床表现消失且EBV．DNA转阴,分别随访17、12、7个月均无病存活。结论动态监测EBV—DNA对PTLD早期发现具有重要意义。减停免疫抑制剂联合利妥昔单抗治疗EBV-PTLD疗效明显。化疗可导致严重感染,DLI治疗存在严重GVHD危险,不宜作为一线治疗。     

后置环磷酰胺方案造血干细胞移植治疗9例湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征疗效分析

目的探讨后置环磷酰胺(PTCY)方案造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗WAS的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析9例接受PTCY方案allo-HSCT治疗的WAS患儿的临床资料,包括移植前临床评分、供者情况、移植后粒细胞及血小板植入时间,移植后嵌合度及移植并发症。结果 9例患儿移植时中位年龄为15(4～108)个月,2例为同胞全相合供者,7例为半相合供者,回输移植物的单个核细胞中位数为15. 7(11. 3～27. 4)×10~8/kg,CD34+细胞中位数为9. 5 (4. 4～26. 1)×106/kg。中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位时间分别为14 (12～16) d和15 (11～29) d。中位随访时间为20(3～48)个月,所有病例均存活,仅1例患儿发生3度急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),无慢性GVHD,所有患儿移植后2周短串联重复序列结合聚合酶链反应(STR-PCR)检测显示为完全供者型嵌合。4例患儿发生巨细胞病毒血症,1例EB病毒血症,1例发生自身免疫溶血性贫血,3例发生免疫性血小板减少。结论 PTCY方案allo-HSCT可有效治疗WAS,该预处理方案无严重移植相关并发症,且无混合嵌合发生,并有效减少GVHD。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后肺部移植物抗宿主病1例

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是目前治疗血液系统疾病的重要手段,越来越多的患者受益于allo-HSCT。但提高allo-HSCT后的长期生存仍遭遇到严重困难,其中最重要的影响因素为移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),肺是GVHD的主要靶器官之一,肺部GVHD一旦发生,其     

儿童异基因造血干细胞移植术后巨细胞病毒感染临床分析

目的探讨儿童异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的危险因素及临床相关特征。方法收集2016年1月至2018年12月共269例allo-HSCT患儿的临床资料。监测移植后全血CMV-DNA拷贝数,分析移植患儿CMV感染发生率、发生时间、危险因素及预后。结果 269例患儿中,男167例、女102例,中位年龄65个月(33～115个月),其中165例发生CMV感染,感染率为61.3%,感染发生时间为移植后23 d(15～34 d),感染持续时间38 d(25～66 d)。Logistic回归分析发现患儿移植年龄65个月、移植后发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ级aGVHD是发生CMV感染的危险因素,而亲缘全相合移植能降低CMV感染发生风险(P0.05)。发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ级急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)及使用脐血移植与发生难治性CMV感染相关(P0.05)。难治性CMV感染组与非难治性CMV感染组总体生存率及无病生存率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论移植患儿年龄大、Ⅱ～Ⅳ级aGVHD能增加CMV感染的发生风险,亲缘全相合移植能降低CMV感染的发生风险。脐血移植后易发生难治性CMV感染;难治性CMV感染初次检测到CMV感染时间早,峰值高。     

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children with chronic myelogenous leukemia

PURPOSE: To determine the outcome of children undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) at the authors' institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 1999, 18 allogeneic bone marrow transplantations were performed in 17 patients with CML at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Median age at diagnosis was 9.5 years (range 3-17). Fourteen patients had disease in the first chronic phase, one had disease in the second chronic phase, and two had disease in the accelerated phase. Preparative regimens varied, with radiation-based protocols used in eight patients. Thirteen donors were related (11 matched, 2 mismatched); four were unrelated (2 matched, 2 mismatched). Patients received T-cell-replete bone marrow a median of 7.5 months (range 2.2-22) from diagnosis. A median of 3.0 x 10(8)/kg nucleated cells was infused (range 1.6-6.7). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate in 13 children. cyclosporine in three, and methotrexate in one. RESULTS: Primary graft failure occurred in one patient. Grade 2 acute GVHD or more developed in 11 of the 17 children (64%; grade 2 in 4, grade 3 in 7). Chronic GVHD occurred in 6 of the 16 patients at risk (37.5%; 5 extensive, 1 localized). No patient experienced overt or cytogenetic relapse. There were two deaths (12%): one from acute GVHD and cytomegalovirus pneumonia and the other from chronic GVHD. Probability of 5-year event-free survival was 87 +/- 9%. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly support the practice of allotransplantation in children with CML, even in the setting of advanced disease and histoincompatibility. Efforts should be aimed at reducing the transplantation-related death rate.     

CD25抗体预防移植物抗宿主病在儿童白血病半匹配骨髓移植中的应用

目的　探讨CD2 5抗体用于预防儿童白血病半匹配未去除T细胞骨髓移植重度移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)的疗效。方法　 10例儿童白血病患者接受人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 2～ 3个位点不合半匹配骨髓移植 ,移植方法除了供者用粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G CSF)及受者应用环孢素A(CSA)、氨甲蝶呤 (MTX)、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 (ATG ,FreseniusHemocare ,Germany)和霉酚酸酯 (MMF)预防GVHD的综合措施外 ,加用抗CD2 5单克隆抗体 (舒莱 ,novartispharmaswitzerland)预防GVHD ,剂量各为 2 0mg ,在移植前 2h和移植后第 4天应用 ,观察移植后的疗效 ,移植结果与前期未用CD2 5抗体移植组作回顾性比较。结果　 10例移植后均获造血重建 ,粒细胞 >0 5× 10 9/L的中位天数是 19d ,血小板大于 2 0× 10 9/L的中位天数是 2 2d ,骨髓植活直接证据检测证实为完全供者造血。无一例发生急性Ⅱ～Ⅳ度GVHD ,未用CD2 5抗体对照组 8例中发生急性Ⅱ～Ⅳ度GVHD有 4例 ,差异有显著性(P =0 0 14 7)。可评价慢性GVHD的 8例均发生慢性GVHD ,为局限性慢性GVHD。中位随访 12个月 (范围 9～ 2 4个月 ) ,2例为移植相关死亡 ,1例移植后 14个月因复发死亡 ,实际无病生存率是70 %。结论　儿童半匹配未去除T细胞骨髓移植中应用舒莱 ,明显降低急性重症GVHD发生 ,临床     

Efficacy and Safety of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Children with Severe Aplastic Anemia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Case Series of 37 Patients

The treatment of pediatric severe aplastic anemia (SAA) with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), presents major challenges including the risks of graft failure, septic complications, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Additive infusions of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) may be administered to improve patient survival. We retrospectively examined 37 pediatric patients with SAA who received allo-HSCT and subsequent infusions of hUC-MSC suspension at a dose of 1.0 × 10⁶ /kg. The times and doses of hUC-MSC infusions were increased in patients with severe GVHD. All patients received hUC-MSC infusions. The median time to post-transplantation neutrophil count of greater than 0.5 × 10⁹ /L was 14 days (range, 11–20 days) and time to post-transplantation platelet count of greater than 20 × 10⁹ /L was 19 days (14–29 days). The overall frequency of acute GVHD (aGVHD) was 45.9% (17/37). These aGVHD episodes occurred at a median time of post-transplantation 47 days (15–83 days). The frequency of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 18.9% (7/37); cGVHD developed from aGVHD in 10.8% (4/37) of patients. The GVHD-associated mortality rate was 18.9% (7/37) and aGVHD-specific mortality rate was 8.1% (3/37). The median overall survival time was 35 months (9—67 months) and the three-year overall survival rate was 74.2% (28/37). Seven patients died of GVHD, one patient died of a severe invasive fungal infection, and one patient died of renal failure. In conclusion, post-transplantation hUC-MSC infusions seemed to be safely infused in children with SAA who have previously received allo-HSCT.     

Bone marrow transplantation from matched related donors for patients with Fanconi anemia using low-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide as conditioning

Seventeen patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from matched related donors (MRD) between January 1999 and June 2003. Median age at BMT was 11 years. Conditioning regimen consisted of low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY; 40 mg/kg) and busulfan (BU; 6 mg/kg) with the addition of lymphoglobulin (20 mg/kg) in two patients. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine A (CsA) and methotrexate (MTX; 5 mg/m(2) at day 1, 3, 6). All patients engrafted (for an absolute neutrophil count >0.5 x 10(9)/L) after a median time of 12 days (range 10-16 days). Fourteen patients (82%) had sustained grafts, whereas three others (18%) rejected grafts between day +39 and +80 after transplantation. Two of them are still alive after successful second PBSC transplantation and one died. Acute and chronic GVHD occurred in 23% and 13% of patients, respectively. With a median follow-up of 16 months (range 3-53 months), survival rate was 72% and Karnofsky score was at least 90%. The low-dose BU/CY regimen, in FA patients allografted from an HLA-matched related donor, allowed engraftment with relative low toxicity. Early graft failure (GF) remains a problem and may require modification of this regimen.     

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children with homozygous beta-thalassemia and severe beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease

To determine the outcome of children with homozygous beta-thalassemia (beta/beta) and severe beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease (beta/E) who underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). The authors conducted a cohort study of allogeneic PBSCT in beta/beta and beta/E patients who had 6/6 or 5/6 HLA-matched sibling donors. All patients received a conditioning regimen including busulfan and cyclophosphamide, except one who received busul-fan and cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulin. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine A and methotrexate for eight patients and cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil for one patient. Donors received G-CSF for 4 days before leukapheresis collections. There were five beta/beta and four beta/E patients in this study. The median age was 9 years (range 1.5-10 years). The median CD34+ cell count was 7.4 x 10(6) cells/kg recipient body weight. All patients achieved neutrophil and platelet engraftment with a median time of 15 days and 21 days respectively. Acute GVHD grade 2 to 4 appeared in four patients (grade 2, n = 3; grade 4, n = 1). Three patients developed chronic GVHD (limited, n = 2; extensive, n = 1). All patients were alive with a median follow-up time of 23 months (range 7-52 months). Neither graft failure nor graft rejection was observed. Allogeneic PBSCT is feasible for children with beta/beta and beta/E, although the incidence of GVHD was apparently high compared with bone marrow transplant study in Thais.     

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children with hematologic malignancies from HLA-matched siblings

BACKGROUND: Despite the ethical problem of using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in normal children, allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) might have advantages over allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). PROCEDURE: Eleven HLA-matched sibling donors aged 2-16 years received 10 microg/kg/day G-CSF for 5 days and underwent apheresis to harvest peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). PBSC were then cryopreserved until infusion. The 11 corresponding patients aged 8 months to 14 years with high-risk hematological malignancies received busulfan (16 mg/kg or 600 mg/m(2)) and melphalan (210 mg/m(2)) as a preparative regimen. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methylprednisolone. RESULTS: All of the donors tolerated G-CSF administration and apheresis procedures. The patients received a median of 5.8 (range 1. 4-11.5) x 10(6)/kg CD34(+) cells, 17.2 (3.8-36.0) x 10(5)/kg colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), and 3.5 (1.4-7.1) x 10(8)/kg CD3(+) cells. All of the patients showed prompt engraftment, with a median time to reach an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) above 0.5 x 10(9)/liter of 10 (9-13) days. Grade I acute GVHD occurred in seven patients (64%), whereas grade II-IV acute GVHD was not seen. Chronic GVHD occurred in four patients (40%) among 10 patients evaluable for chronic GVHD. Three patients showed extensive chronic GVHD. Currently, eight patients (73%) are alive and disease-free for a median follow-up of 775 (103-1,069) days. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic PBSCT is feasible in the pediatric population, and PBSC harvest is an alternative to BM harvest in donors who are not eligible for BM harvest. Furthermore, PBSC were successfully collected in pediatric donors with peripheral access. The choice of a stem cell source should be based on the risk/benefit assessment for both patients and donors.     

儿童急性单核细胞性白血病63例疗效分析

目的 评估儿童急性单核细胞性白血病(AML-M5)的疗效,探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗儿童AML-M5的指征.方法 对AML-M5患儿进行回顾性分析,与同期非AML-M5的AML进行比较,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线评估患儿的无事件生存(EFS)率和总生存(OS)率,COX回归模型评估预后因素.结果 ①75例AML-M5患儿中12例放弃治疗;63例纳入分析,其中2例化疔第2天死亡,61例患儿2个疗程完全缓解(CR)率为73.8%(45例),5年EFS为(34.5±6.8)%,与同期117例非AML-M5、非急性早幼粒细胞性白血病(AML-M3)的AML患儿(51.0±4.9)%的5年EFS相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).②多因素分析显示患儿年龄≥10岁、1疗程后骨髓原幼稚细胞比例≥15%、2疗程后未CR是独立危险因素.③20例1疗程后骨髓原幼稚细胞比例≥15%的AML-M5患儿选择allo-HSCT者(n=5)预后优于单纯化疗者(n=15)[(60.0±21.9)%vs.(7.3±7.1)%,P=0.024].结论 AML-M5患儿预后明显差于其他AML;化疗1疗程后骨髓原幼稚细胞比例≥15%患儿选择allo-HSCT能明显提高生存率;目前依据尚不足以提示1疗程后骨髓原幼稚细胞比例＜15%患儿应选择非血缘相关供体移植治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of childhood acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) and explore the indications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for children with AML-M5. Method Seventy-five AML-M5 patients and 201 non-AML-M5 AML patients were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors were evaluated by COX regression with SPSS.Result ①Twelve patients gave up treatment after confirmed diagnosis. Two patients died on the second day after chemotherapy. Of the 61 patients, 73. 8％ (45/61) achieved complete remission (CR) after two courses of chemotherapy. The 5-year EFS rate was 34. 5％ ±6. 8％. But of the 117 non-AML-M5/M3 AML patients,the 5-year EFS rate was 51.0％ ±4. 9％. ② Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 10 y, the proportion of bone marrow blast cell counts≥ 15％ after the first induction therapy, not CR after two courses of chemotherapy were risk factors for the long-term prognosis. ③ Of the 20 patients whose bone marrow blast cell counts≥ 15％ after the first induction therapy, 5 patients who choose allo-HSCT had a better OS than the other 15 patients who choose chemotherapy only ( 60. 0％ ± 21.9％ vs. 7. 3％ ± 7. 1％, P = 0. 024 ).Conclusion Children with AML-M5 had a poorer prognosis than the other AML patients; patients whose bone marrow blast cell counts ≥ 15％ after the first induction therapy chose allo-HSCT had a better prognosis. At present, there is no enough evidence to support that patients whose bone marrow blast cell counts ＜ 15％ after the first induction therapy should choose unrelated donor for allo-HSCT.     

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Diamond-Blackfan anemia: a report from the Aplastic Anemia Committee of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology

Transfusion-dependent Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) patients opt for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as curative therapy. Clinical outcomes of 19 transplanted Japanese patients were analyzed. Prior to HSCT, 10 patients (53%) suffered hemosiderosis with organ dysfunction, and all eight with short stature (42%) had adverse effects of prednisolone. Median age at the time of HSCT was 56 months. Transplantation sources were 13 bone marrow [six human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched siblings, and six HLA-matched and one HLA-mismatched unrelated donors], five cord blood (two HLA-matched siblings and three HLA-mismatched unrelated donors), and one peripheral blood from haploidentical mother. All 13 patients with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and two with sibling cord blood transplantation (CBT) had successful engraftment. Of three patients who underwent unrelated CBT, one died after engraftment, and the other two had graft failure but succeeded in a second BMT from an HLA-disparate father and unrelated donor, respectively. One died shortly after haploidentical PBSCT. The five-yr failure-free survival rate after BMT was higher than CBT (100%: 40%, p=0.002). Platelet recovery was slower in seven unrelated BMT than in six sibling BMT (p=0.030). No other factors were associated with engraftment and survival. These results suggest that allogeneic BMT, but not unrelated CBT, is an effective HSCT for refractory DBA.