散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的定量风险评估

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat products in China.Methods The data on the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products was from national foodborne disease surveillance network.involving a total of 841samples.All the samples were detected by a qualitative method and 97 samples among them were detected using a quantitative method.The intake data of cooked meats was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and population data in the monitoring sites was collected from National Bureau of Statistics in 2008 to estimate the composition of the population of different ages.which would be the base ofassessing the probability of listeriosis in the different subpopulations.Using @ Risk software to estimate the risk of listeriosis caused by consuming deli meats for different subpopulation(0-4 years old,5-64 years old and 65 years and older)by quantitative risk assessments which involved hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization and conduct sensitivity analysis.Results The contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in the most of samples(96.08%.808/841)was less than 3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),and the average concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was -0.61 1g CFU/g(90%CI:-1.22-0.46 1g CFU/g).Estimated servings of cooked meat consumption for 0-4,5-64 and 65 years and older were 5.52 × 109,8.99×1010.1.01×1010,respectively.Estimated number of cases(median)of listeriosis each year per million people caused by consuming cooked meats in young(0-4 years old),intermediate age(5-64 years old)and elderly(65 years and older)population were 5.53×10-2,1.72×10-4,7.57×10-3,respectively.Results of sensitivity analysis showed that contamination level at retail,serving size of cooked meats,storage time at home,storage temperature and ERG at 5 ℃ were positive factors for the risk of listeriosis(r value was 0.607,0.408,0.339,0.259,0.183 respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cooked meat products in bulk is a risk food,which could cause listeriosis.Contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk is the top risk factor for the listeriosis.     

散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的定量风险评估

Objective To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in bulk cooked meat products in China.Methods The data on the contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products was from national foodborne disease surveillance network.involving a total of 841samples.All the samples were detected by a qualitative method and 97 samples among them were detected using a quantitative method.The intake data of cooked meats was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and population data in the monitoring sites was collected from National Bureau of Statistics in 2008 to estimate the composition of the population of different ages.which would be the base ofassessing the probability of listeriosis in the different subpopulations.Using @ Risk software to estimate the risk of listeriosis caused by consuming deli meats for different subpopulation(0-4 years old,5-64 years old and 65 years and older)by quantitative risk assessments which involved hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization and conduct sensitivity analysis.Results The contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in the most of samples(96.08%.808/841)was less than 3 MPN/g(0.5 1g MPN/g),and the average concentration of Listeria monocytogenes was -0.61 1g CFU/g(90%CI:-1.22-0.46 1g CFU/g).Estimated servings of cooked meat consumption for 0-4,5-64 and 65 years and older were 5.52 × 109,8.99×1010.1.01×1010,respectively.Estimated number of cases(median)of listeriosis each year per million people caused by consuming cooked meats in young(0-4 years old),intermediate age(5-64 years old)and elderly(65 years and older)population were 5.53×10-2,1.72×10-4,7.57×10-3,respectively.Results of sensitivity analysis showed that contamination level at retail,serving size of cooked meats,storage time at home,storage temperature and ERG at 5 ℃ were positive factors for the risk of listeriosis(r value was 0.607,0.408,0.339,0.259,0.183 respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cooked meat products in bulk is a risk food,which could cause listeriosis.Contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk is the top risk factor for the listeriosis.     

北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

世界卫生组织健康调查资料的结构方程模型

Objective Based on the 2002 WHO health survey data, to explore the latent relationship among self-reported health level, the actual level of health, the social demographic characteristics and the risk factors, and to analyze the influence of the various surveillence indicators on self-reported health and the degree that the self-reported health explained the actual level of health.Methods Field tests for various components of the World health survey were conducted in nine countries during 2002, including India, Brazil, Burkina, Hungary, Nepal, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, and Vietnam (29 971 ).The survey questionnaire included a self-assessment component and anchoring vignette component.The self-assessment component data was adjusted and eliminated the affect of "cut-point bias" by using the anchoring vignette component data,and then was used to build the structural equation model on the relationship among selfreported health level, actual health level, social demographic characteristics and the risk factors.Results In the final structural equation model, "the actual level of health" = 0.80 × "the self-reported health level" +( - 0.04) × "the social demographic characteristics" + ( - 0.08 ) × "the risk factors" ( R2 = 0.66 ), and"the self-reported health level" = ( -0.70) × "the social demographic characteristics" +0.10 × "the risk factors" (R2 = 0.55 ).The standardized total effect of self-reported health to the actual level of health was 0.80 ,and that of the social demographic characteristics to the self-reported health and the actual level of health were - 0.70 and - 0.60, respectively.And the 16 items of self-reported health consisted of8 dimensions; and sorted by the power of impact to the actual health level, they were mobility, pain and discomfort, sleep, cognition, feelings, self-care ability, visual capacity and interpersonal activities.Conclusion There were significant linear correlation relationship between the actual level of health and the self-reported health, as well as between the self-reported health and the social demographic characteristics.And the self-reported 16 items used by the 2002 WHO health survey played an important role in the health evaluation of population.     

世界卫生组织健康调查资料的结构方程模型

Objective Based on the 2002 WHO health survey data, to explore the latent relationship among self-reported health level, the actual level of health, the social demographic characteristics and the risk factors, and to analyze the influence of the various surveillence indicators on self-reported health and the degree that the self-reported health explained the actual level of health.Methods Field tests for various components of the World health survey were conducted in nine countries during 2002, including India, Brazil, Burkina, Hungary, Nepal, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, and Vietnam (29 971 ).The survey questionnaire included a self-assessment component and anchoring vignette component.The self-assessment component data was adjusted and eliminated the affect of "cut-point bias" by using the anchoring vignette component data,and then was used to build the structural equation model on the relationship among selfreported health level, actual health level, social demographic characteristics and the risk factors.Results In the final structural equation model, "the actual level of health" = 0.80 × "the self-reported health level" +( - 0.04) × "the social demographic characteristics" + ( - 0.08 ) × "the risk factors" ( R2 = 0.66 ), and"the self-reported health level" = ( -0.70) × "the social demographic characteristics" +0.10 × "the risk factors" (R2 = 0.55 ).The standardized total effect of self-reported health to the actual level of health was 0.80 ,and that of the social demographic characteristics to the self-reported health and the actual level of health were - 0.70 and - 0.60, respectively.And the 16 items of self-reported health consisted of8 dimensions; and sorted by the power of impact to the actual health level, they were mobility, pain and discomfort, sleep, cognition, feelings, self-care ability, visual capacity and interpersonal activities.Conclusion There were significant linear correlation relationship between the actual level of health and the self-reported health, as well as between the self-reported health and the social demographic characteristics.And the self-reported 16 items used by the 2002 WHO health survey played an important role in the health evaluation of population.     

中国北方五市儿童功能性便秘流行病学特征现况调查

Objective Functional constipation (FC) is a common complaint in childhood but the prevalence still remains unclear, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of FC in childhood in the northern parts of China. Methods A screening program on FC in childhood was carried out in 5 northern cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin) of China according to symptoms under the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Random clustered sampling of the inhabitants was carried out under stratification of cities, geographic zones, schools or nurseries.Sample size of each area was in proportion to the population of the area. The range of age was 4-14. All subjects under study were requested to fill in a questionnaire distributed by the teachers. The screening program was carried out immediately after a section survey was completed. All together, 20 000 questionnaires were distributed with 19 638 retrievals. According to the result of the screening, a small number of patients who met the criteria were further selected to undergo a detailed clinical examination in the hospital including laboratory examination, colonic transit time, defecography or/and barium enema, electromyologram and anorectal manometry to exclude organic disease of the colon. Simultaneously, a detailed questionnaire was requested to fill under the assistance of trained doctors or medical students.Prevalence of FC of the population was adjusted by the rate of correct diagnosis from the detailed study. Results The adjusted point prevalence of FC in 5 northern cities of China according to Rome Ⅲ criteria was 4.73% with higher prevalence rate of FC seen in the Beijing area (5.02%) than in other cities (4.82%, 4.76%, 4.27%, 4.40%, with P＜0.001 ). Male to female ratio was 1.26:1 with majority of the FC fell in the 4-6 year olds (5.76%). Conclusion FC appeared a common disorder in childhood in the northern parts of China which called for greater attention. Higher prevalence was noted in the age groups of 4-6.     

中国北方五市儿童功能性便秘流行病学特征现况调查

Objective Functional constipation (FC) is a common complaint in childhood but the prevalence still remains unclear, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of FC in childhood in the northern parts of China. Methods A screening program on FC in childhood was carried out in 5 northern cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin) of China according to symptoms under the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Random clustered sampling of the inhabitants was carried out under stratification of cities, geographic zones, schools or nurseries.Sample size of each area was in proportion to the population of the area. The range of age was 4-14. All subjects under study were requested to fill in a questionnaire distributed by the teachers. The screening program was carried out immediately after a section survey was completed. All together, 20 000 questionnaires were distributed with 19 638 retrievals. According to the result of the screening, a small number of patients who met the criteria were further selected to undergo a detailed clinical examination in the hospital including laboratory examination, colonic transit time, defecography or/and barium enema, electromyologram and anorectal manometry to exclude organic disease of the colon. Simultaneously, a detailed questionnaire was requested to fill under the assistance of trained doctors or medical students.Prevalence of FC of the population was adjusted by the rate of correct diagnosis from the detailed study. Results The adjusted point prevalence of FC in 5 northern cities of China according to Rome Ⅲ criteria was 4.73% with higher prevalence rate of FC seen in the Beijing area (5.02%) than in other cities (4.82%, 4.76%, 4.27%, 4.40%, with P＜0.001 ). Male to female ratio was 1.26:1 with majority of the FC fell in the 4-6 year olds (5.76%). Conclusion FC appeared a common disorder in childhood in the northern parts of China which called for greater attention. Higher prevalence was noted in the age groups of 4-6.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

北京市男男性行为者HIV和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳转率及影响因素

目的 了解北京市男男性行为者(MSM)的HIV和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳转情况及其影响因素. 方法 在北京市以社区为基础招募HIV阴性的MSM共525名,以一对一的方式进行问卷调查,收集人口学和行为学情况资料,在第6、12个月进行随访,并采集血样进行HIV和梅毒螺旋体抗体检测,初筛均采用ELISA法,确证分别采用蛋白印迹(WB)和凝集法. 结果 基线共调查550名,HIV和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳性率分别为4.5%(25/550)和29.3%(161/550),HIV血清抗体阴性队列525名,随访12个月,队列保持率为87.0%(457/525),HIV和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳转率分别为3.37/100人年和9.32/100人年.近3个月同性性行为后冲洗直肠者阳转率为7.11/100人年,未冲洗者为0.76/100人年,冲洗与HIV血清抗体阳转相关(HR=9.23,95%CI=2.08～40.88).近3个月在公园、公厕或浴池寻找男性性伴者阳转率为41.77/100人年,无该行为者阳转率为7.97/100人年;近3个月同性性行为后冲洗直肠者阳转率为16.17/100人年,无该行为者阳转率为4.92/100人年;近3个月在公园、公厕或浴池寻找男性性伴(HR=4.67,95%CI=1.77～12.34)和近3个月同性性行为后冲洗直肠(HR=3.09,95%CI=1.40～6.83)与梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳转相关. 结论 北京市MSM的HIV和梅毒螺旋体血清抗体阳转情况十分严重,主要影响因素为同性性行为后冲洗直肠、到公园等场所寻找男性性伴.

Abstract：

Objective To study the incidence and risk factors of HIV and syphilis seroconversion among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Beijing. Methods A total of 550 MSM were recruited on the basis of community and followed up after 6 and 12 months in Beijing.Each subject was investigated by only one investigator at one time to collect information on demographics and behaviors.Blood samples were collected to test HIV and syphilis seroconversion.ELISA was used for screening test,west blotting(WB) and Particle agglutination were used for confirmatory test. Results A total of 550 MSM investigated,among which 4.5% (25/550) were HIV-positive and 29.3% (161/550) were syphilis-positive.For 525 HIVnegative MSM,87.0% (457/525) retained during the 12-month investigation.Seroincidences for HIV and syphilis were 3.37/100 person-years (95% CI = 1.66-5.08) and 9.32/100 person-years (95% CI =5.87-12.77) respectively.HIV seroconversions for those who performed and did not perform rectal douching after homosexual anal intercourse in the past 3 months were 7.11/100 and 0.76/100 person-years respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that rectal douching after homosexual anal intercourse in the past 3 months(HR=9.23,95%CI =2.08-40.88) was significantly associated with HIV seroconversion.Syphilis seroconversions for those who met male sex partners in parks,public washrooms or bathhouses in the past 3 months were 41.77/100 and 7.97/100 person-years respectively.Syphilis seroconversions for those who performed and did not perform rectal douching after homosexual anal intercourse in the past 3 months were 16.17/100 and 4.92/100 person-years respectively.In the past 3 months,meeting male sex partners in parks,public washrooms or bathhouses (HR=4.67,95% CI = 1.77-12.34) and performing rectal douching after homosexual anal intercourse (HR = 3.09,95% CI=1.40-6.83) were significantly associated with syphilis seroconversion. Conclusion The seroconversions of HIV and syphilis during the follow-up visits in this MSM cohort study in Beijing were very serious,and that the associated factors for seroconversions were rectal douching after homosexual anal intercourse and meeting male sex partners in parks,public washrooms or bathhouses.     

重庆市男男性行为者艾滋病病毒和梅毒的感染情况及其影响因素

目的 了解重庆市男男性行为者(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒感染率及其影响因素.方法 通过2006年和2007年两次横断面调查,收集包括人口学、行为学、艾滋病知识、继往性传播疾病相关症状及HIV有关干预接受相关情况信息,并采集血液标本进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测.结果 共调查1773名MSM,HIV和梅毒感染率分别为10.6%和8.4%.在近6个月,约1/3的MSM有多性伴和无保护肛交行为;1/5的MSM有异性性行为.感染HIV的独立危险因素为:大龄(26～35岁:AOR=1.7,95%C1:1.1～2.6;＞35岁:AOR=2.3,95%CI:1.4～3.8)、文化程度低(AOR=2.3,95%CI:1.5～3.5)、多性伴(AOR=1.8,95%CI:1.2～2.8)、浴池/桑拿招募(AOR=2.3,95%CI:1.1～4.7)、有既往性病相关症状(AOR=1.8,95%CI:1.2～2.7)及梅毒感染(AOR=1.7,95%CI:1.1～2.9).结论 重庆市MSM人群HIV及梅毒感染率已达较高水平,多性伴、无保护肛交和异性性行为多见,应采取及时有效的干预措施.     

利用乘数法结合男男同性社交软件开展深圳市男男性行为者规模估计研究

目的 估计深圳市男男性行为者（Men who have sex with men, MSM）规模,为进一步开展艾滋病疫情估计提供人群规模数据。方法 采用滚雪球抽样的方法,在深圳市MSM活动的酒吧、夜总会、浴室等场所,招募384名研究对象。采用乘数法公式（N=r×m）估计深圳市MSM规模。通过与男性社交软件Blued所属软件公司合作,线上统计连续1周内各天登陆过软件的人数,即为乘数法中的参数r;通过开展现场调查,收集调查对象在连续1周内各天登陆过Blued 6.5.6软件的比例,该比例的倒数即为乘数法中的参数m。结果 深圳市MSM规模估计为130050人（95%CI:127517~132583）。有深圳市户籍的MSM人数为23669（95%CI=23208~24130）,无深圳市户籍的MSM人数为106381（95%CI=104309~108453）;流动的MSM人数为13525（95%CI=13262~13789）,常住的MSM人数为116525（95%CI=114255~118794）;性取向为同性的MSM人数为88044（95%CI=86329~89759）,性取向为异性的MSM人数为7153（95%CI=7013~7292）,性取向为双性的MSM人数为25100（95%CI=24611~25589）,性取向为不确定的MSM人数为9884（95%CI=9691~10076）;为同性提供过商业性服务的MSM人数为16907（95%CI=16577~17236）。结论 利用乘数法结合男性社交软件估计MSM的人群规模具有一定的可行性和可信性,值得推广。     

西安市男男性行为者rush poppers使用情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解西安市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)rush poppers使用情况并分析其影响因素,为制定针对性的防控策略提供依据。方法 于2021年9月至2022年3月,采用方便抽样的方法,在艾滋病自愿咨询检测(HIV Voluntary Counseling&Testing, VCT)门诊招募调查对象,对其进行自填式匿名电子问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学特征、性行为特征、rush poppers使用情况等。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析MSM使用rush poppers的影响因素。结果 调查的579名MSM中,rush poppers的使用率为31.6%,多因素logistic回归结果显示,户籍为外地(OR=1.668,95%CI:1.151～2.474)、本地居住时间≤1年(OR=1.756,95%CI:1.080～2.854)、性向为同性恋(OR=1.952,95%CI:1.322～2.882)、近6个月同性临时性伴数≥2名(OR=2.376,95%CI:1.502～3.757)、近1周肛交次数≥2次(OR=1.982...     

利用乘数法估计成都市区男男性行为人群规模的研究

[目的]利用乘数法估计成都市区男男性行为人群规模数,为制定高危人群防治策略提供依据。[方法]在成都市区选择6家男男性行为人群聚集场所观察3d并计数,采用提名法获得调查目标人群,运用乘数法进行男男性行为人群的规模估计。[结果]成都市区男男性行为人群规模均数为11218人(95%CI:9115～14583人)。[结论]利用乘数法估计结果基本反映了成都市区男男性行为人群中相对活跃的人群规模。     

天津市男男性行为人群艾滋病病毒感染情况 及影响因素调查

摘要:目的　了解天津市男男性行为人群（MSM）艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染情况,探讨该人群中HIV感染的影响因素,为进一步开展干预工作提供依据。方法　2013年7-12月,对天津市酒吧、浴池、KTV等活动场所的MSM开展问卷调查,同时进行HIV和梅毒抗体的快速检测。结果　在接受调查的1 000人中,20～39岁占89.8%,未婚占63.2%,本市户籍占65.8%,HIV感染率为1.4%,梅毒感染率为21.2%。多因素分析显示,与HIV感染有关的因素有年龄［比值比（OR）＝20.511,95%可信区间（CI）:2.446～171.995］、文化程度（OR＝6.274,95%CI:1.812～21.723）、艾滋病知识知晓情况（OR＝5.097,95%CI:1.407～18.468）、寻找性伴场所（OR＝4.734,95%CI:1.248～17.963）和最近一次肛交安全套使用情况（OR＝3.318,95%CI:1.063～10.356）。结论　年龄、文化程度、艾滋病知识知晓情况、寻找性伴场所和最近一次肛交安全套使用情况是天津市MSM人群HIV感染的主要影响因素。应针对MSM人群的特点开展有针对性的干预措施,控制HIV的传播。     

Time-space sampling in minority communities: results with young Latino men who have sex with men

OBJECTIVES: This study addressed methodological issues influencing the feasibility of time-space sampling in HIV prevention studies targeting hard-to-reach populations of minority young men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: We conducted interviews with 400 men in 32 venues where young Latino MSM congregate in New York City. Response rates and demographic and sexual risk profiles are compared by venue type. RESULTS: More than 90% of the men approached were screened. Among eligible men, participation rates exceeded 82%. Participation was higher at special events and gay venues compared with nongay venues (P < .05). Young MSM in nongay venues were less likely to self-identify as gay (P < .01) or to report recent anal sex with a male (P < .10). Condom use did not vary by venue type but was lower with women than with men. If surveys had been limited to gay venues, about half of the young MSM surveyed in nongay venues would have been missed. CONCLUSIONS: Time-space sampling of a relatively "hidden" minority young MSM population can be successful across a range of venues. However, the benefits of greater outreach must be weighed against the costs incurred recruiting participants in nongay venues.     

不同活动场所男男性行为人群HIV检测比例及影响因素分析

目的了解酒吧、露天公园和浴池等不同活动场所的男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）既往HIV检测比例及其影响因素。方法选取在郑州市和成都市MSM活动的酒吧、露天公园和浴池,采用问卷调查和现场拦截调查对在场所内活动的MSM进行调查。结果共调查554名符合纳入标准的研究对象,其中377人（68.1%）既往做过HIV检测,331人（59.7%）在最近1年检测过HIV。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,身边有做过HIV检测的朋友、知晓调查地区MSM人群HIV感染率、最近1年接受过艾滋病预防干预服务、最近6个月与男性固定性伴肛交时安全套的使用频率是场所活动的MSM人群HIV检测的影响因素。结论两城市在场所活动的MSM人群HIV检测比例达到了一定的水平,应继续发挥MSM社区小组在场所开展促进HIV检测工作中的作用,并将当地MSM疫情加入HIV检测宣传中,以进一步提高场所MSM人群的HIV检测比例。     

重庆市男男性接触者艾滋病病毒感染率及其影响因素

目的 了解重庆市男男性接触人群(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染率及其影响因素.方法 2007年7-9月在重庆市渝中区、九龙坡区和沙坪坝区通过滚雪球方式招募1044名MSM进行面对面的问卷调查,以HIV感染状况为应变量,人口学特征、艾滋病防治知识知晓水平、性行为状况、接受干预服务、梅毒感染状况等为自变量进行逐步向前法的logistic回归分析与HIV感染相关的因素.结果 调查的1044名MSM中,艾滋病防治知识知晓率高(89.5%),近6个月与男性发生无保护性的肛交比例为63.8%;梅毒感染率为8.5%(89/1044),HIV感染率为12.5%(131/1044).多因素回归分析发现,年龄较大(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.13～2.52)、文化程度在初中以下(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.17～3.05)、首次性行为年龄在18岁以下(OR=3.11,95%CI:1.20～8.02)、近6个月男性性伴数在10个以上(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.24～4.02)、近6个月与女性有性行为史(OR=2.40,95%CI:1.64～3.51)和梅毒感染(OR=4.52,95%CI:2.77～7.38)是HIV感染的独立危险因素.结论 MSM人群无保护性性行为发生率、梅毒和HIV感染率均高.     

中国内地大、中学生中男男性行为者HIV感染率的Meta分析

目的运用Meta分析综合评价2005-2010年中国内地大、中学生中男男性行为者HIV感染率,并分析其在样本量、抽样方法及不同研究时间等因素间的差别。方法检索万方数据库、维普信息资源系统、中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库及PubMed数据库,收集所有关于中国内地大中学生中HIV感染状况的调查研究,再从中筛选出有关男男性行为者群体的研究报告。对各项研究进行异质性检验,以确定采用固定模型或随机模型进行合并分析,绘制漏斗图进行发表偏倚的评估。结果共入选相关研究10项,累计大、中学生MSM人数为2014人,HIV感染人数为106人,总的HIV感染率为4.6%(95%CI 2.9%～6.3%)。将HIV感染率按照样本量、抽样方法及研究时间等进行分层分析,样本量大于200时合并的HIV感染率为4.7%(95%CI 2.5%～7.0%),样本量小于等于200时合并的HIV感染率为4.7%(95%CI 1.9%～7.4%);抽样方法为滚雪球时,合并HIV感染率为6.1%(95%CI 3.0%～9.1%),高于非滚雪球抽样的方法 2.9%(95%CI 1.7%～4.1%);2007年及以前研究合并的HIV感染率为3.0%(95%CI 1.7%～4.2%),低于2008年及以后的研究6.0%(95%CI 3.1%～9.0%)。结论中国内地大、中学生中男男性行为者HIV感染率远高于一般人群。     

重庆市男男性行为者网络交友HIV感染情况

目的了解重庆市男男性行为者(MSM) 网络交友状况及人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况,为有效干预MSM HIV感染提供依据。方法对重庆市206名MSM进行结构式访问与问卷调查,对半年内未进行HIV检测者进行实验室筛查,分析MSM人口社会学特征及HIV感染的影响因素。结果206名MSM平均年龄（22.08±1.81）岁,大专及以上文化程度137名（66.50%）,HIV感染率为21.36%（44/206）。MSM无固定性伴侣者HIV感染率高于有固定性伴侣者;MSM性伴数量越多,HIV感染风险越大;与不熟悉或陌生的人发生性行为HIV感染率高于与熟悉的性伴;性行为中安全套使用率越高,HIV感染率越低,各组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。不同文化程度的MSM安全套使用情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论该市MSM HIV感染率较高,建议加强健康教育宣传、同伴网络教育与行为干预,减少联结MSM网体之间的桥梁人群,建立同性恋社会支持体系,降低MSM HIV感染风险。