阵发性心房颤动与血浆硫化氢水平的相关性研究

目的：观察阵发性心房颤动患者血浆硫化氢(H2S)水平变化,研究其与阵发性心房颤动的相关性。方法50例阵发性心房颤动患者作为病例组,50例健康受试者作为对照组,采用去蛋白法测定血清H2S水平。结果病例组血浆H2S水平(28.63±12.74)μmol/L显著低于对照组(49.21±10.95)μmol/L (P<0.01)。结论阵发性心房颤动的发生可能与患者血浆H2S水平的降低有关。     

降钙素原对判断急诊感染性疾病感染部位的分析

目的旨在通过对因感染性疾病入院的患者血浆中降钙素原(PCT)水平的分析,研究不同感染部位PCT水平有无差别。方法收集我院急诊病房细菌感染性疾病患者外周血PCT检测值,共150例,其中男性82例,平均年龄(72±4)岁,女性68例,平均年龄(75±6)岁,根据感染部位,将患者组分为呼吸系统感染43例,消化系统感染60例以及泌尿系统感染47例,同时按照性别、年龄相匹配的方法,选取非感染性疾病患者作为对照,共88例,其中男性48例,平均年龄(70±5)岁,女性40例,平均年龄(72±8)岁。采用病例对照的研究方法,对感染组和非感染组患者血浆中PCT水平以及不同感染部位患者血浆中PCT水平组间比较。结果感染性患者血浆中PCT水平显著高于非感染患者(P<0.01);泌尿系统感染患者血浆中PCT水平显著高于呼吸系统感染及消化系统感染(P=0.011,0.005),但呼吸系统感染与消化系统感染患者间PCT水平则无明显差别(P=0.921)。结论 PCT升高不但提示急性细菌感染性疾病,且对感染部位判断有帮助。     

宿迁地区H型高血压的患病率研究

目的探讨分析江苏宿迁地区H型高血压的患病率。方法选取873例宿迁市人民医院老年科收治的高血压患者,其中男503例,女370例。所有患者入院后均常规行血同型半胱胺酸(HCY)筛查,患者血HCY≥10μmol/L诊断为H型高血压,患者血HCY<10μmol/L则诊断为单纯高血压。统计比较不同性别患者H型高血压患病率,以及不同性别不同类别高血压患者平均年龄。结果 873例患者的H型高血压患病率为77.89%。503例男性患者中, H型高血压患者428例,平均年龄(66.75±14.97)岁;单纯高血压患者75例,平均年龄(62.67±12.24)岁;男性患者H型高血压患病率为85.09%。370例女性患者中, H型高血压患者252例,平均年龄(73.04±10.59)岁;单纯高血压患者118例,平均年龄(65.74±10.87)岁;女性患者H型高血压患病率为68.11%。男性患者的H型高血压患病率高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女性H型高血压患者的平均年龄明显高于男性,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别单纯高血压患者平均年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高血压患者中H型高血压占比较高,且男性的H型高血压患病率显著高于女性,男性H型高血压的患病年龄显著低于女性。     

音乐疗法对原发性高血压患者血压的影响

目的 ：评价音乐疗法对控制原发性高血压患者水平、提高血压控制达标率的作用。方法 ：将所有符合纳入标准的患者随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组中有高血压1级患者280例[男性150例，女性130例，平均年龄（66.94±7.27）岁]，高血压2级患者200人[男性110例，女性90例，平均年龄（67.57±4.20）岁]，高血压3级患者180例[男性90例，女性90例，平均年龄（69.57±4.50）岁]；对照组中有高血压1级患者300例[男性160例，女性140例，平均年龄（67.21±6.56）岁]，高血压2级患者180人[男性105例，女性75例，平均年龄（67.75±4.55）岁]，高血压3级患者180例[男性100例，女性80例，平均年龄（69.67±4.12）岁]。干预组患者在降压等基本治疗的基础上加用音乐疗法，对照组患者仅给予常规降压治疗。观察周期为12个月。观察两组患者日常即时血压、24 h动态血压的平均水平及达标率和脑卒中发生率。结果：治疗后，干预组高血压1级、2级患者日间即时血压和24 h动态血压平均水平均低于对照组，高血压3级患者的日间即时收缩压水平低于对照组，差异均有...     

孤立性心房颤动患者血浆心钠素及血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度的测定及其意义

目的通过测定孤立性房颤患者血浆心钠素(ANP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ANGⅡ)的浓度,探讨这两种物质与房颤发生的关系。方法入选病例84例,通过使用放射免疫学方法,测定入选病例外周静脉血浆ANP、ANGⅡ,包括32例孤立性阵发性房颤患者于房颤发作时、终止后7 d及32例孤立性持续性房颤患者,并与20例健康对照组相比较。结果孤立性阵发性房颤患者房颤发作时及终止后7 d、持续性房颤患者血浆ANP、ANGⅡ浓度较正常对照组明显增高(P<0.01);阵发性房颤发作时与终止后1周比较均明显升高,持续性房颤患者血浆ANP及ANGⅡ水平低于阵发性房颤患者房颤发作时(P<0.01)。结论孤立性房颤患者ANP及ANGⅡ水平与房颤发生和持续可能相关。     

硫化氢在肺心病患者中的改变及与心功能关系

目的研究内源性硫化氢(H2S)在慢性肺源性心脏病患者血浆中的表达情况及其与心功能关系。方法采用分光光度法测定30例肺心病急性加重期患者,30例缓解期患者及25例正常对照者血浆H2S含量。结果①血浆H2S水平肺心病急性加重期组比正常对照组及缓解期组均明显减低;②肺心病急性加重期30例患者心功能较差组H2S低于心功能较好组;③肺心病急性加重期和缓解期血浆H2S与第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1/预计值%)呈正相关;④肺心病急性加重期血浆H2S与平均肺动脉压(PAPm)呈负相关。结论内源性H2S可能参与肺心病发生发展的病理生理过程。血浆H2S含量降低与肺心病患者心、肺功能、平均肺动脉压相关。     

哮喘患者长期吸入糖皮质激素对骨代谢的影响

为了解长期吸入类固醇糖皮质激素 (ＧＣＳ)治疗哮喘是否会对骨代谢产生影响 ,我们从 1998年 3月至 1999年 12月对 15例长期吸入ＧＣＳ的哮喘患者进行了骨密度测定 ,并配对 15例未使用ＧＣＳ的哮喘患者进行对比分析。对象和方法30例支气管哮喘患者 ( 18～ 66岁 )分为两组。吸入ＧＣＳ组 (简称吸入组 )男性 5例 ,女性 10例 ,平均年龄 4 0 0 7± 17 4 0岁 ,绝经妇女 3人。对照组男性 5例 ,女性 10例 ,平均年龄 37 67± 13 10岁 ,绝经妇女 2人。吸入组患者病程 9 93± 5 38年 ,对照组为 12 8± 1 1年。诊断标准符合 1992年广州全国哮喘会议修…     

持续性房颤导管消融术前后血浆脑钠肽及血管紧张素Ⅱ水平的变化

目的观察持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)导管消融术前后血浆脑钠肽(BNP)及血管紧张素Ⅱ水平(AngⅡ)的变化。方法随机选取48例正常健康人作为对照组,测定其血浆BNP及AngⅡ水平,测定48例持续性房颤且无器质性心脏病患者导管消融术前及术后120 d的血浆BNP和AngⅡ水平。结果导管消融后4个月,8例(17%)患者复发房颤。消融术前,房颤组的血浆BNP及AngⅡ水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);导管消融后4个月房颤组血浆BNP及AngⅡ水平与术前比较下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而与对照组比较,无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论持续性房颤导管消融前血浆BNP及AngⅡ升高,消融术后均下降。     

蚓激酶对慢性肺源性心脏病急性发作期患者高凝状态疗效观察

蚓激酶曾广泛应用于血栓病的防治,我们通过测定慢性肺源性心脏病急性发作期蚓激酶用药前后血小板聚集情况,血粘度及纤维蛋白原含量的变化,以观察蚓激酶肺心病急性发作期患者血液高凝状态的影响。1.对象和方法1.1对象肺心病急性发作期患者60例,诊断均符合1997年全国第二次肺心病会议修订的肺心病诊断标准,排除血液性疾病。入院前2周内均未应用阿司匹林等影响血小板功能的药物。将病人随机分成二组,对照组30例,男性16例,女性14例,平均年龄(56±4)岁。实验组30例,男性18例,女性12例,平均年龄(57±7)岁。1.2方法对照组给予吸氧,抗生素和平喘药及…     

糖尿病患者血小板α颗粒膜蛋白及血浆血栓烷B2测定的临床意义

本文对糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)患者血小板和血浆α-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)及血浆血栓烷B2(TXB2)水平应用放射免疫分析法(RIA)进行了检测,探讨其与DM微血管并发症的关系,报道如下:1对象和方法1.1对象1.1.1对照组50例,男29例,女21例,平均年龄52.4岁。我院体检的健康职工,均无心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、血液病,近一个月内未服任何药物。1.1.2糖尿病组61例,其中男33例,女28例,平均年龄61.5岁。所有病例均按WHO标准诊断[1],其中无微血管病变组34表1两组病例血小板和血浆GMP-组别例数血小板GMP-140(μg/L)糖尿病组611470.5±287.2无微血…     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.