不同亚型乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床特征和生存分析

背景与目的:脑是乳腺癌常见转移部位之一,乳腺癌脑转移发生率在10%～15%,伴脑转移的乳腺癌患者预后较差。本研究目的在于分析4种不同亚型乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床特征及预后因素。方法:回顾分析1997年10月至2008年7月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的89例脑转移患者的资料,包括导管A型30例,导管B型20例,HER-2型16例,三阴型14例,另9例免疫组化结果不详。分析4种乳腺癌脑转移患者初诊时的临床病理特征、复发特点、影响复发后患者预后的因素等,并进一步对导管型乳腺癌患者的内分泌治疗进行研究。结果:全组患者中位年龄46岁(28～74岁),出现脑转移的时间与初诊时的病理分期密切相关,Ⅰ期患者最长(P0.001)。中位随访时间41.0个月(6.0～141.0个月),全组中位生存时间8.0个月(0～80.0个月),1年生存率32.0%,5年生存率4.0%。多因素分析显示,PS评分大于1分、多发转移灶、未进行全脑放疗联合化疗均是不良预后因素。与导管A型乳腺癌相比,HER-2型和三阴型乳腺癌脑转移具有发生时间早、一线治疗后进展快(8.0个月vs.11.0个月)、总生存期短(25.0个月vs.63.0个月)等特点,导管A型具有进展缓慢、预后好的倾向,他莫昔芬能改善导管A型和导管B型患者的生存(中位生存时间24.0个月vs.7.0个月,P=0.002)。结论:乳腺癌脑转移生存期较短,其中HER-2型和三阴型预后更差。治疗以全脑放疗联合化疗为主。导管型患者接受他莫昔芬治疗有生存获益。     

76例乳腺癌脑转移患者临床特征及预后因素分析

目的 分析乳腺癌脑转移患者临床病理特征,探讨影响乳腺癌脑转移患者的预后因素.方法 收集76例乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床病理资料,采用单因素和多因素分析影响乳腺癌脑转移患者的预后因素.结果 乳腺癌患者确诊脑转移后中位生存期为8.4个月,1年生存率为31.6%,2年生存率为7.9%,3年生存率为3.9%.多因素分析提示未放疗、PS评分≥2分、多发颅内转移灶、分子分型为Her-2型及三阴型均是乳腺癌脑转移患者的不良预后因素.Lumin-al A、Luminal B、Her-2型及三阴型乳腺癌患者中位无脑转移生存期(46.8个月、34个月、26.8个月和17.6个月,P=0.005)、确诊脑转移后生存期(16.9个月、9.5个月、7.6个月和5.5个月,P=0.001)和总生存期(64.3个月、40.9个月、31.7个月和24.1个月,P=0.001)差异均有统计学意义.结论 放疗、PS评分、脑转移灶数目及分子分型是影响乳腺癌脑转移患者的独立预后因素;与Luminal型乳腺癌相比,Her-2型及三阴型乳腺癌更易早期发生脑转移,且生存期更短.     

HER-2、PCNA、Bcl-2、Bax在乳腺癌组织中的表达与预后的关系

背景与目的:临床上在早期将具有高危因素及潜在转移危险的乳腺癌患者筛选出来并进行针对性的治疗是提高乳腺癌生存率、减少复发和转移的关键.本研究探讨人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal receptor 2,HER-2)、增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、Bcl-2、Bax的表达与乳腺癌患者预后的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测50例乳腺癌根治术后标本中HER-2、PCNA、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达,结合5年随访资料分析上述指标与患者预后的关系.结果:乳腺癌组织中HER-2、PCNA、Bcl-2、Bax的阳性率分别为44.0%(22/50)、82.0%(41/50)、48.0%(24/50)、54.0%(27/50).患者的中位生存期为62个月,5年总生存率为82.0%(41/50),无瘤生存率为38.0%(19/50).单因素生存分析显示HER-2和Bax是乳腺癌复发的影响因素(P＜0.001),多因素Cox模型分析显示HER-2和Bax是影响乳腺癌复发的独立因素(P＜0.05和P＜0.01),Bcl-2和Bax是影响生存期的独立因素(P＜0.05).结论:影响乳腺癌患者预后的独立因素有HER-2、Bcl-2、Bax,其中HER-2、Bax表达是预后不良的指标,Bcl-2表达是预后良好的指标.     

乳腺癌脑转移全脑放疗预后及预后指数分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌脑转移患者全脑放疗(WBRT)预后以及不同预后指数差别。
方法 对2006-2010年间接受WBRT的99例乳腺癌脑转移患者进行Logrank法单因素与Cox法多因素预后分析,计算并比较RPA、GPA、BSBM、Rades、Carsten预后指数评分的敏感性和特异性。
结果 全组患者中位随访时间49个月,中位生存期为10个月。单因素分析显示年龄、脑转移时卡氏评分、是否伴有颅外转移、原发肿瘤控制情况、脑转移数目和WBRT后全身治疗与总生存相关(χ²=0.00~55.51,P=0.013~0.000),多因素分析证实卡氏评分<70和WBRT后全身治疗与总生存相关(χ²=35.26、7.21,P=0.000、0.007)。RPA、GPA、BSBM、Rades、Carsten预后指数评分对预测生存期≤3个月乳腺癌脑转移患者的敏感性和特异性分别为100%和85%、95%和62%、95%和86%、95%和84%、95%和85%。
结论 乳腺癌脑转移患者WBRT后全身治疗可改善患者总生存。对预测生存期≤3个月患者敏感性最好的为RPA指数,特异性最好的为BSBM指数。     

146例乳腺癌首发肝转移患者的临床病程与预后多因素分析

目的探讨乳腺癌首发肝转移的临床病程、治疗效果及预后影响因素。方法收集2005～2010年中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治、首发转移部位为肝脏的女性乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料及生存情况,回顾性分析其预后及影响因素。结果全组146例患者,术后中位无病生存期(DFS)19.1个月,转移后中位生存期(MSR)22个月,中位无进展生存期(PFS)9个月。肝转移后1、2、3年生存率分别为69.8%、43.4%和31.7%。整组初始治疗的有效率为59.4%,临床获益率为84.4%。单因素分析显示:原发肿瘤的大小、激素受体状态、是否为三阴性乳腺癌、无病生存期长短、有无其他脏器转移、肝转移灶数目、肝转移时转氨酶、转移后首次治疗方式以及一线治疗疗效与预后有关。多因素分析显示是否三阴性乳腺癌及无病生存期长短是影响乳腺癌肝转移后生存的独立预后因素(P=0.006,P=0.008)。结论乳腺癌肝转移患者经过合理的综合治疗后,其生存期及1、2、3年生存率较前有显著提高,术后无病生存期短以及三阴性亚型的乳腺癌肝转移患者预后较差,需要更精细和个体化的治疗以改善预后。     

乳腺癌脑转移68例临床特点及预后因素分析

[目的]分析乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床特点,探讨影响乳腺癌脑转移患者预后的因素。[方法]收集68例乳腺癌脑转移患者临床资料,采用单因素和多因素生存分析影响乳腺癌脑转移患者预后因素。[结果]乳腺癌脑转移患者多为未绝经、浸润性导管癌,首发症状多为颅内高压症状,多为多发颅内转移,多合并颅外转移。乳腺癌脑转移患者中位生存期8.82个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为39%、8%、8%。单因素分析显示KPS评分、合并肝转移、全身化疗、脑部放疗显著性影响乳腺癌脑转移患者的生存期;Cox多因素分析显示脑部放疗、KPS评分是影响乳腺癌脑转移生存的独立预后因素。[结论]脑部放疗、KPS评分是影响乳腺癌脑转移患者生存的独立预后因素。乳腺癌脑转移后的全身化疗价值需进一步探讨。     

乳腺癌肺转移117例临床病理特征及预后相关因素分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌肺转移患者预后相关因素。方法:研究对象为2001年1月-2008年12月共117例可手术乳腺癌首发肺转移患者,收集这些患者的临床病理资料,并进行生存随访。对可能影响乳腺癌肺转移患者预后的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:所有患者肺转移后中位总生存期为32(2～107)个月,中位至进展时间为13(1～76)个月,术后中位总生存期为66(8～169)个月。分子亚型为luminal A、luminal B、HER-2/neu过表达型和三阴性乳腺癌患者肺转移后的5年生存率分别为65.4%、33.2%、30.2%和19.2%(P=0.006);2年无进展生存率分别为64.6%、49.3%、48.0%和30.7%(P=0.005)。单因素分析结果显示,分子亚型、无病间期(disease-free interval,DFI)、肝转移、脑转移、肺转移性肿瘤的数目、肺转移性肿瘤的位置、肺转移性肿瘤最大直径和肺转移后化疗周期数均与乳腺癌肺转移患者的预后相关(P<0.05)。COX多因素分析结果显示,DFI、肺转移性肿瘤的数目、肺转移性肿瘤的位置和肺转移性肿瘤最大直径是乳腺癌肺转移患者的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌肺转移患者的预后与肺转移性肿瘤的情况密切相关。早期发现肺转移对治疗乳腺癌肺转移具有重要意义。     

人表皮生长因子受体-2在雌孕激素双阴性乳腺癌中的表达及作用

目的:研究三阴性乳腺癌和人表皮生长因子受体-2过表达型乳腺癌的临床病理特征,探讨多因素对雌激素(ER),孕激素(PR)双阴性乳腺癌预后的影响.方法:对本院2004年确诊并行手术治疗的1250例单侧乳腺癌进行回顾性分析,并通过免疫组化和FISH检测筛选三阴性乳腺癌和HER-2过表达型乳腺癌两种亚型,对两组患者在临床病理特征、复发转移部位、以及生存期进行分析.结果:中位随访60个月(6～73个月),两种亚型在发病年龄、月经状态、组织学分级、肿瘤大小和PCNA表达等方面组间差异均无统计学意义.三阴性乳腺癌患者中乳腺癌家族史患者比例(8.9%vs4.3%,P=0.010)和P53的阳性表达均较高(64.4%vs 60.7%,P=0.006);HER-2过表达型乳腺癌更易发生腋窝淋巴结转移,且淋巴结大于4枚以上的比例较高(36.6%vs29.7%,P=0.004),TNM分期Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期的患者比例比三阴性乳腺癌组高(18.3%vs 29.3%,P=0.014).两亚型乳腺癌在远处转移率和5年无病生存率相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:三阴性乳腺癌与HER-2过表达型乳腺癌在肿瘤临床病理特征方面有显著性差异,但短期(5年)无病生存率无显著性差异,因此推测HER-2不是ER,PR双阴性乳腺癌的短期生存的独立预后因素.     

小细胞肺癌脑转移发生时间与预后分析

目的 探讨小细胞肺癌(SCLC)脑转移发生时间与预后的关系。 方法 回顾分析2007-2015年收治的首发远处转移部位为脑的局限期SCLC患者 131例,依据中位无脑转移生存期(BMFS)将病例分为A、B两组,其中BMFS≤10个月为A组(61例),BMFS>10个月为B组(70例)。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法比较组间差异,Cox模型多因素预后分析。 结果 131例SCLC患者中位总生存期及1、2、3年生存率分别为22.5个月及87.3%、44.7%、20.8%;全组中位脑转移后生存期及1、2年生存率分别为9.3个月及39.3%、14.8%。由于A、B组脑转移后中位生存期相近(分别为8.6、9.3个月,P=0.695),进而对未行预防性脑照射的A、B两组患者进行分析,其脑转移后生存期也相近(P=0.240~0.731)。 结论 SCLC脑转移发生时间与总生存相关,而与脑转移后生存无关,因此着重预防和减少脑转移的发生可能是提高SCLC患者生存的重要手段。     

乳腺癌脑转移患者血清肿瘤标志与临床病理因素相关性分析

目的:分析乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床及病理资料,探讨脑转移时血清肿瘤标志CEA、CA125和CA153水平与临床病理特征和预后的相关性。方法:回顾性分析1998-04-01-2011-05-31河南省肿瘤医院及郑州大学第一附属医院收治的83例乳腺癌脑转移患者的资料,分析血清中CEA、CA125和CA153表达水平与临床病理特征的关系及预后因素分析。结果:全组中位生存时间9.6个月(0.3～32.6个月),1年生存率为41.0%,2年生存率为7.2%。血清CEA、CA125和CA153的阳性表达率分别为43.4%(36/83)、44.6%(46/83)和51.8%(43/83)。高血清CA153水平与多发脑转移有关,P<0.05;高血清CA125水平与多发脑转移、PS评分及伴发颅外转移均有关,P<0.05。血清CEA≤5ng/mL者比CEA>5ng/mL者预后好,中位生存时间分别为13.1个月和6.0个月,P=0.000;与CA125≤35U/mL相比,CA125>35U/mL者预后差,中位生存时间分别为16.8个月和6.9个月,P=0.001。多因素分析显示,PS评分、脑转移的治疗方式和CEA表达水平是影响乳腺癌脑转移患者预后的独立因素,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:脑转移时血清CA125和CA153的表达水平与乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床病理特征有关,CEA和CA125的表达水平与预后有关,CEA是影响乳腺癌脑转移患者预后的独立预后因素,高CEA表达水平者预后较差。     

Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases: Clinicopathologic Features,Survival, and Paired Biomarker Analysis

Background.

The aim of this study was to describe clinicopathologic features of patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM); to evaluate survival after diagnosis of BCBM; and to compare estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression in the paired primary and brain tumors.

Materials and Methods.

We identified 140 consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy for BCBM (either for diagnostic purpose or with therapeutic intent) at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2002 and 2009.

Results.

Most patients had invasive ductal histology (91%), grade 3 tumors (67%), and positive axillary lymph node (64%). Of the tumors, 56% were ER-negative, 62% were PR-negative, 44% were HER2-positive, and 28% were triple negative (TN). Brain metastasis (BM) was solitary in 51% of patients. Median interval from breast cancer diagnosis to BM was 46 months; median survival after BM was 14.1 months. In the univariate analysis, younger age, solitary brain metastasis, and ER or PR positivity in the breast tumors were associated with longer survival. There was a statistical trend toward increased survival in HER2-positive patients compared with HER2-negative patients (18 vs. 11 months). In the multivariate analysis, predictors for longer survival included younger age, solitary brain lesion, and HER2 positivity in the breast cancer. Biomarkers were evaluated in paired primary and brain tumors in 35 patients for ER status, 34 for PR status, and 36 for HER2 status. Discordant rates were 28% for ER, 20% for PR, and 3% for HER2.

Conclusion.

Compared with unselected breast cancer patients at the same institution, patients with breast cancer who had brain metastases had a higher proportion of hormone receptor-negative, HER2-positive, and TN tumors. Younger age, solitary brain lesion, and HER2 expression were independent predictors of better survival in patients with BCBM. HER2 status was highly concordant between the paired primary and brain tumors, whereas changes of ER and PR status occurred in a substantial proportion of the patients. These findings are important for making effective treatment decisions for patients with BCBM.     

Systemic treatment after whole-brain radiotherapy may improve survival in RPA class II/III breast cancer patients with brain metastasis

Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the most widely used treatment for brain metastasis (BM), especially for patients with multiple intracranial lesions. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of systemic treatments following WBRT in breast cancer patients with BM who had different clinical characteristics, based on the classification of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and the breast cancer-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (Breast-GPA). One hundred and one breast cancer patients with BM treated between 2006 and 2010 were analyzed. The median interval between breast cancer diagnosis and identification of BM in the triple-negative patients was shorter than in the luminal A subtype (26 vs. 36 months, respectively; P = 0.021). Univariate analysis indicated that age at BM diagnosis, Karnofsky performance status/recursive partitioning analysis (KPS/RPA) classes, number of BMs, primary tumor control, extracranial metastases and systemic treatment following WBRT were significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that KPS/RPA classes and systemic treatments following WBRT remained the significant prognostic factors for OS. For RPA class I, the median survival with and without systemic treatments following WBRT was 25 and 22 months, respectively (P = 0.819), while for RPA class II/III systemic treatments significantly improved OS from 7 and 2 months to 11 and 5 months, respectively (P < 0.05). Our results suggested that triple-negative patients had a shorter interval between initial diagnosis and the development of BM than luminal A patients. Systemic treatments following WBRT improved the survival of RPA class II/III patients.     

Results of whole brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer: a retrospective study

PURPOSE: To analyze the factors that affect survival in patients with brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer who were treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified 116 women with breast cancer who were treated with WBRT alone between February 1984 and September 2000. All patients had treatment and follow-up data available in their medical charts, which we extracted for this retrospective study. We evaluated a number of potential predictors of survival after WBRT: age, primary tumor stage, control of primary tumor, presence of other systemic metastases, site of systemic metastases, Karnofsky performance status, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) recursive partitioning analysis class, total dose of WBRT, and number of BM. Eighteen patients received a total dose >3000 cGy and 7 received a partial brain boost. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, the median survival from the start of WBRT was 4.2 months. The 1-year survival rate was 17%, and the 2-year survival rate was 2%. Using univariate analysis, only Karnofsky performance status (p = 0. 0084), recursive partitioning analysis class (p = 0. 0147), and total WBRT dose (p = 0.0001) were predictive of longer survival. In multivariate analysis, Karnofsky performance status was the only significant predictor. CONCLUSION: Overall survival in breast cancer patients with BM treated with WBRT is poor. We recommend breast cancer patients with BM be enrolled in prospective trials to improve results.     

The prognostic factors of lung cancer patients with brain metastases treated with radiotherapy

Purpose: To analyze the prognostic factors of lung cancer with brain metastases (BM) and evaluate the role of cranial irradiation on survival. Methods and materials: From 1987 to 1994, 159 lung cancer patients with CT scan documented BM were reviewed. All of them underwent cranial irradiation (median radiation dose: 30 Gy). Chemotherapy and surgery of BM were performed in 21 and 10 cases, respectively. Results: Overall median survival was 3.5 months and one year survival rate was 10.69%. Univariate analysis showed that the significant factors were performance status, age, total radiation dose to brain, BM as the first metastasis, neurosurgery, symptoms of urine/stool incontinence, and synchronous BM. Multivariate analysis indicated that (1) performance status (p=0.0002), (2) total radiation dose (p=0.0032), (3) BM as the first metastasis (p=0.0449), (4) neurosurgery (p = 0.0233), (5) symptoms of urine/stool incontinence (p = 0.0002), and (6) the presence of a midline shift on cranial CT scans (p = 0.0063) were significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: The prognosis of BM in lung cancer patients is extremely poor. Radiotherapy appears as an effective means of palliation with 75% overall symptomatic response rate. Higher radiation dose ( 30 Gy) and neurosurgery are associated with longer survival. Good performance status, BM as the first metastasis, absence of sphincter dysfunction, and midline shift on CT scans are favorable prognostic predictors. The role of midline shift is very interesting and needs to be explored further.     

Risk factors for brain relapse in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of brain metastases is an emerging problem in patients with metastatic breast cancer. In the present study, we looked at risk factors for brain metastasis among patients with metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The risk factors for brain metastasis were first determined in a series of 215 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Risk factors identified in the multivariate analysis were re-evaluated in a confirmatory series of 199 patients with metastatic breast cancer. All the patients had been included in prospective randomized trials that evaluated chemotherapy or endocrine therapy in an adjuvant setting. RESULTS: In the first series, the presence of lung metastases (hazard ratio = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9-9.3, P=0.0003) and negative hormone receptor status (hazard ratio = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.7-11, P=0.002) were the only predictive factors associated with the occurrence of brain metastases in the multivariate analysis. The second series confirmed that the presence of lung metastases and negative hormone receptor status were associated with the occurrence of brain metastases. CONCLUSION: The presence of lung metastases as the first site of relapse and a negative hormone receptor status are predictive for the occurrence of brain metastases in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A prophylactic treatment should be evaluated in these subsets of patients.     

Impact of preexisting tumor necrosis on the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of brain metastases in women with breast cancer

BACKGROUND:

Breast cancer is the second most common source of brain metastasis. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be an effective treatment for some patients with brain metastasis (BM). Necrosis is a common feature of many brain tumors, including BM; however, the influence of tumor necrosis on treatment efficacy of SRS in women with breast cancer metastatic to the brain is unknown.

METHODS:

A cohort of 147 women with breast cancer and BM treated consecutively with SRS over 10 years were studied. Of these, 80 (54.4%) had necrosis identified on pretreatment magnetic resonance images and 67 (46.4%) did not. Survival times were computed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Log‐rank tests were used to compare groups with respect to survival times, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses, and chi‐square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare clinicopathologic covariates.

RESULTS:

Neurological survival (NS) and survival after SRS were decreased in BM patients with necrosis at the time of SRS compared with patients without necrosis by 32% and 27%, respectively (NS median survival, 25 vs 17 months [log‐rank test, P = .006]; SRS median survival, 15 vs 11 months [log‐rank test, P = .045]). On multivariate analysis, HER2 amplification status and necrosis influenced NS and SRS after adjusting for standard clinical features, including BM number, size, and volume as well as Karnofsky performance status.

CONCLUSION:

Neuroimaging evidence of necrosis at the time of SRS significantly diminished the efficacy of therapy and was a potent prognostic marker. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

110例乳腺癌脑转移临床特点及预后因素分析

[目的]探讨乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床病理特征及影响其预后的相关因素。[方法]分析110例乳腺癌脑转移病例的年龄、TNM分期、病理类型、组织学分级、ER/PR/HER-2表达情况、绝经状况、第一转移灶位置,以及脑转移时颅内转移灶数目,并统计1年生存率。[结果]浸润性导管癌为最常见的病理类型,组织学分级均为2/3级,单发颅内转移灶的比例为29.1%。1年生存率为33.6%,其中年龄〈50岁组的1年生存率为42.6%,≥50岁组为22.4%（P=0.026）;ER阳性患者的1年生存率为47.2%,高于ER阴性患者的26.3%（P=0.039）,颅内转移灶单发患者的1年生存率达53.1%,明显高于多发转移灶患者的25.6%（P=0.006）。[结论]首次确诊乳腺癌时的年龄、ER表达状况、颅内转移灶数量是影响乳腺癌脑转移患者预后的独立因素。     

Survival in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer: the importance of HER-2 status

BACKGROUND

Brain metastases (BM) are the most common intracranial tumors in adults. To the authors' knowledge, established prognostic factors for survival after the diagnosis of BM in breast cancer patients do not take into account HER–2 status, which may have increasing relevance in the trastuzumab therapy era.

METHODS

The authors identified 83 patients with breast cancer and new parenchymal BM diagnosed between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2005 who were treated at Massachusetts General Hospital. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and curves were compared using the log‐rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine independent predictors of survival.

RESULTS

The median overall survival from the time of BM was 8.3 months. On univariate analysis, HER‐2‐positive patients were found to have prolonged survival after BM compared with HER‐2‐negative patients (17.1 months vs 5.2 months). Patients with triple negative disease had a median survival of 4.0 months, compared with 11.2 months for all other patients. Additional predictors of improved survival on univariate analysis included ≤3 BM, controlled or absent systemic disease, and controlled local disease. On multivariate analysis, only HER‐2 status, number of BM, and local disease status remained independent predictors of survival.

CONCLUSIONS

HER‐2 status is a strong predictor of survival after the diagnosis of BM. The survival of breast cancer patients with BM appears to be improving, but a better understanding of both the predictors of brain recurrence and the delayed effects of treatment is needed to properly counsel patients regarding the risk‐benefit ratio of various treatment modalities. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.     

Lymphopenia: a new independent prognostic factor for survival in patients treated with whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases from breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To determine overall survival (OS) and independent prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer treated by whole brain radiotherapy (WBR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty (120) women with BM, treated in a single French cancer center between 02/91 and 06/01, were reviewed. BM were confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Survival time was defined as the time interval from the date of BM to the date of death or last follow-up. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine significant prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Surgery was followed by WBR in 5 patients. One hundred and four (104) patients received exclusive WBR, eight received concomitant chemo-radiation, and one received chemo-radiation after surgery. The median survival time was 5 months (95% CI: 3-7 months). In the multivariate analysis, performance status over 1 and lymphopenia (<0.7 G/L) were found to be independent prognostic factors for poor survival. Based on the number of these independent prognostic factors, we propose a predictive model for survival in brain metastatic cancer patients. Median survival was 7 months for patients presenting none or one poor prognosis factor at diagnosis versus 2 months for patients with 2 poor prognosis factors (p<0.0001) CONCLUSION: Brain metastases from breast cancer remain associated with very poor prognosis and there is a need for better treatment procedures. If confirmed in predictive models, the identification of prognostic subgroups, based on KPS and lymphopenia, among patients with BM from breast cancer would help physicians select patients for future clinical trials.     

乳腺癌脑转移预后风险分析

目的:分析乳腺癌脑转移患者的预后危险因素,选择最佳治疗方案.方法:记录从2003年1月1日至2011年1月1日大连医科大学附属第二医院收治的共计64例明确诊断为乳腺癌脑转移患者的临床病例资料,通过Kaplan-Meier法行生存分析,筛选影响患者生存时间的单因素及Cox多因素回归分析影响患者脑转移的独立预后因素.结果:Luminal型、HER2过表达型和TNBC型患者中位总生存时间分别是52、37、21个月,中位脑转移发展时间分别是31、28、18个月,脑转移后中位生存时间分别是12、6、4个月,差异均有统计学意义.治疗方法上全脑放射治疗、内分泌治疗可明显延长脑转移患者中位生存时间(P=0.002和P=0.027).接受联合治疗的患者中位生存时间大于单一治疗者(P=0.045).HER2过表达的患者,脑转移前后接受赫塞汀治疗均可获益.多因素分析显示:组织学分级、首发脑转移均与预后负相关;KPS评分、放疗、内分泌治疗以及联合治疗和预后正相关.结论:组织学分级、KPS评分、首发脑转移、脑部放疗、内分泌治疗以及联合治疗均是影响乳腺癌脑转移的独立预后因素.建议选择以全脑放疗为主的联合治疗.HER2过表达的患者建议选择靶向治疗.