CaO-B2O3-SiO2系低温共烧陶瓷的致密化行为及性能

以CaO-B2O3SiO2(CBS)玻璃粉末为原料.采用流延成形工艺制备了CBS系生料带.生料带在排完胶后可以在775～950℃内烧结.研究了生料带在烧成过程中致密化和晶化行为以及烧成温度对其介电性能和烧结性能的影响.结果表明:烧成样品中的主晶相为β-CaSiO3,850～900℃烧成样品中有少量CaB2O4.在样品烧成过程中,排胶后的CBS玻璃粉末首先烧结致密化,然后才开始晶化,即致密化过程要早于晶化过程,CBS玻璃的析晶倾向于整体析晶, 这有利于CBS玻璃粉末的烧结.由于玻璃中析出晶相与残余玻璃相存在密度差,烧成样品的体积密度随着烧成温度的升高而降低.烧成温度的升高可促使玻璃中晶体析出和长大,且析出晶相具有比CBS玻璃低的相对介电常数(岛),样品的εr随烧成温度的升高呈下降趋势.     

烧结温度对放电等离子烧结氮化硅陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

以亚微米级氮化硅为原料、Al_2O_3–Y_2O_3为烧结助剂,利用放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)烧结技术制备氮化硅陶瓷。用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对试样的物相组成和显微结构进行分析,研究了烧结温度对氮化硅陶瓷力学性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明,采用SPS烧结技术可在较低温度下获得致密度较高、综合力学性能较好的β相氮化硅陶瓷。随着烧结温度的提高,样品致密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性均不断增大,在1 550℃时,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到973.74 MPa和8.23 MPa?m1/2。在1 550℃以下,陶瓷样品中β相氮化硅含量可达到98%,显微结构均匀,晶粒发育良好、呈长柱状,晶间紧密连接,晶间气孔较少。继续升高温度,部分晶粒发生异常长大,产生了更多的显微孔洞,抗弯强度急剧下降。     

烧结工艺对SiC/Cu-Al复合材料的力学性能及断裂行为的影响

以Cu包裹SiC颗粒为增强体,分别采用真空热压烧结和常压氩气气氛保护烧结方式制备含5%(体积分数)SiC颗粒的SiC/Cu-Al复合材料.研究了不同烧结温度对样品密度、Vickers硬度和弯曲强度的影响.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜对样品的晶相组成和结构进行了测定.结果表明:热压制品相对常压烧结制品的晶相组织均匀,晶粒细小.热压烧结可以大大提高SiC/Cu-A1复合材料的致密度,最高达到理论密度的99.9%.热压烧结的制品的硬度得到提高,550℃热压烧结的制品硬度最高可达到65MPa,575℃烧结时,其最大抗弯强度为190MPa,断裂机制主要是增强的颗粒断裂和基体撕裂.     

基于凝胶注模的高透性ZrO2陶瓷研究

以5Y-PSZ纳米粉体为原料通过水基凝胶注模成型制备了ZrO₂陶瓷材料，探究烧结温度对ZrO₂陶瓷晶相组成、力学性能、微观结构和透光性等的影响。结果表明：当终烧温度从1425℃升高到1550℃时，烧结体的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大，晶粒生长得不均匀性和不对称性愈发严重，烧结体的抗弯强度和透光度均先增大后减小。在终烧温度为1475℃时，强度达到最大，为476 MPa，此时透性T%(1 mm)为35.9%；在终烧温度达到1500℃时，烧结体的透性T%(1 mm)达到最大，为40.75%，抗弯强度为430 MPa。     

烧结工艺对SiC/Cu–Al复合材料的力学性能及断裂行为的影响

以Cu包裹SiC颗粒为增强体,分别采用真空热压烧结和常压氩气气氛保护烧结方式制备含5%(体积分数)SiC颗粒的SiC/Cu–Al复合材料。研究了不同烧结温度对样品密度、Vickers硬度和弯曲强度的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜对样品的晶相组成和结构进行了测定。结果表明热压制品相对常压烧结制品的晶相组织均匀,晶粒细小。热压烧结可以大大提高SiC/Cu–Al复合材料的致密度,最高达到理论密度的99.9%。热压烧结的制品的硬度得到提高,550℃热压烧结的制品硬度最高可达到65MPa,575℃烧结时,其最大抗弯强度为190MPa,断裂机制主要是增强的颗粒断裂和基体撕裂。     

麦羟硅钠石的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

采用水热法在SiO2-NaOH-Na2CO3-H2O体系中制备了单一晶相麦羟硅钠石(magadiite),研究了晶化时间、晶化温度和初始物料比对制备的影响,并对样品的结构进行表征。结果表明,在初始物料摩尔比为n(SiO2):n(NaOH+Na2CO3):n(H2O)=3:1:100,晶化温度和时间分别为170℃和24h或n(SiO2):n(NaOH+Na2CO3):n(H2O)=5:1:100,晶化温度和时间分别为160℃和36h以及n(SiO2):n(NaOH+Na2CO3):n(H2O)=7:1:100,晶化温度和时间分别为150℃和48h条件下,均可制备单一晶相麦羟硅钠石,H2O和SiO2含量、晶化时间和晶化温度的提高均不利于麦羟硅钠石的结晶。所制备的麦羟硅钠石形态为玫瑰花形且其热稳定性在250℃以下。     

硼酸铝晶须-磷酸铝陶瓷透波材料的制备

以磷酸铝粉末为基体,以硼酸铝晶须为增强体,采用常压烧结工艺制备了硼酸铝晶须/磷酸铝陶瓷透波材料.实验结果表明:硼酸铝晶须对磷酸铝基体的析晶起到了抑制作用和增韧补强作用.硼酸铝晶须含量为30%的样品在1050℃烧结1h后,维氏硬度和抗弯强度分别达到231.8 MPa和215.3 MPa,介电常数和介电损耗分别为4.23、0.023 83(10 GHz)和4.25、0.024 54(15 GHz).     

烧结温度对SiO_2-TiO_2薄膜亲水性的影响

为了确定SiO2-TiO2薄膜制备过程的最佳烧结温度,将不同SiO2与TiO2掺杂比的样品分别在400℃和500℃下煅烧,进行与水的静态接触角测试。结果表明,在一定掺杂比范围内,SiO2的掺杂能明显提高TiO2表面亲水性,并且500℃煅烧的产品亲水性要好于400℃煅烧的产品。SEM和XRD表明,500℃煅烧的产品表面颗粒粒径要大于400℃煅烧的产品的表面颗粒粒径,并且已有了比较明显的锐钛矿晶型特征峰,而400℃煅烧的产品还是无定形态,这说明SiO2的掺杂抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长和晶型的转变。而锐钛矿晶型的TiO2亲水性要远好于无定形的TiO2,致使500℃煅烧的产品的亲水性要好于400℃煅烧的产品的亲水性,因此500℃才是SiO2-TiO2薄膜的最佳烧结温度。     

烧结温度对SiO2-TiO2薄膜亲水性的影响

为了确定SiO2-TiO2薄膜制备过程的最佳烧结温度,将不同SiO2与TiO2掺杂比的样品分别在400℃和500℃下煅烧,进行与水的静态接触角测试。结果表明,在一定掺杂比范围内,SiO2的掺杂能明显提高TiO2表面亲水性,并且500℃煅烧的产品亲水性要好于400℃煅烧的产品。SEM和XRD表明,500℃煅烧的产品表面颗粒粒径要大于400℃煅烧的产品的表面颗粒粒径,并且已有了比较明显的锐钛矿晶型特征峰,而400℃煅烧的产品还是无定形态,这说明SiO2的掺杂抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长和晶型的转变。而锐钛矿晶型的TiO2亲水性要远好于无定形的TiO2,致使500℃煅烧的产品的亲水性要好于400℃煅烧的产品的亲水性,因此500℃才是SiO2-TiO2薄膜的最佳烧结温度。     

BBS掺杂的Ca0．3（Li1/2Sm1/2）0.7TiO3微波介质陶瓷的中温烧结研究

采用传统电子陶瓷制备工艺,以42BaO-45B2O-13SiO2(BBS)玻璃为烧结助剂,制备了可以中温烧结的Ca0.3(Li1/2Sm1/2)0.7TiO3 微波介质陶瓷,对陶瓷的晶相组成、烧结性能及微波介电性能进行了系统研究.结果表明:通过液相烧结,BBS玻璃能有效降低Ca0.3(Li1/2m1.2)TiO3陶瓷的烧结温度,由1300℃降低至1000℃.XRD结果显示陶瓷主晶相为斜方钙钛矿,没有发现杂相.随着BBS添加量的增大,陶瓷的介电常数,品质因素以及频率温度系数均呈下降趋势,当BBS的添加量为10wt%时,1000℃下保温5h烧结的陶瓷的致密度、体积密度以及介电常数达到最大值,并具有良好的微波介电性能:ετ=62.5,Qf=1019GHz,τf=21.6ppm/℃.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.