山东省胶东半岛多中心人群骨密度分析研究

目的探讨山东省胶东半岛沿海地区健康人群骨密度正常参考值、骨密度变化规律和骨质疏松的患病率。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)对胶东半岛沿海地区多中心多阶段整群抽样调查3879名21～89岁居民进行骨密度测量。结果确定了胶东半岛沿海地区21～89岁人群不同性别、年龄别腰椎L2～L4和股骨近端的骨密度正常参考值、骨峰值和患病率。男性腰椎L2～L4骨密度峰值在30～39岁,女性腰椎骨密度峰值在21～29岁;男性股骨近端骨密度峰值在21～29岁,女性股骨近端(Neck和Ward’s)骨密度峰值在31～39岁,Troch区骨密度峰值在21～29岁。随着年龄的增加(40岁以上),男女性各部位BMD逐渐下降,女性更为明显,男性腰椎BMD下降程度较轻。男性腰椎50～岁组与60～岁组比较和60～岁组与70～岁组比较、女性腰椎60～岁组与70～岁组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组比较差异有显著性意义。腰椎的OP患病率最高,40～岁组和50～岁组男女患病率差异无显著性,60岁以后女性明显高于男性(P<0.001)。50～89岁人群腰椎和股骨骨质疏松症发病率男性为13.37%和2.87%,女性为28.03%和7.0%,男女比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.001)。结论获得胶东半岛健康人群骨质疏松症诊断和治疗的骨密度参考值,为骨质疏松纵向流行病学研究奠定基础。     

骨质疏松症合并膝骨性关节炎患者骨密度及血清骨代谢指标、炎症因子水平研究

目的观察绝经后骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)合并膝骨性关节炎患者骨密度、骨代谢相关指标以及细胞因子水平的特点。方法纳入78例绝经后骨质疏松症患者为OP组,75例绝经后骨质疏松症合并膝骨性关节炎患者为OPA组,76例膝骨性关节炎患者为KOA组。观察3组患者血清骨代谢指标骨钙素(BGP)、血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶异体(TRACP-5b)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)及I型胶原交联C末端肽(CTX-1)水平;炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平以及左髋、正位腰椎1-4(L1～4)的骨密度情况。结果 OPA组血清BGP、TRACP-5b、BAP、BGP、CTX-1水平高于OP组(P0. 05),而KOA组低于OP组(P0. 05)。KOA组血清TGF-β1水平高于OP组(P0. 05),而血清IL-6、TNF-α及IL-10水平显著低于OP组(P0. 05); KOA组血清IL-6、TNF-α及IL-10水平高于OP组(P0. 05),而TGF-β1水平低于OP组(P0. 05)。OP组及OPA组L1-4及左髋部骨密度显著低于KOA组(P0. 05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松症合并膝骨性关节炎患者的骨密度及骨代谢不同程度减低,而细胞因子水平升高,治疗时需要关注免疫异常。     

胰岛素样生长因子-I与老年女性糖尿病患者骨密度关系的研究

目的 探讨老年女性糖尿病患者骨密度及血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）的变化及其相互关系。方法 用双能X线骨密度仪分别测定老年女性糖尿病患者骨密度值；用酶联免疫的方法测定受试者血清IGF-Ⅰ的水平，并与正常对照组比较。结果 老年女性2型糖尿病组骨质疏松（OP）发病率高于对照组（P〈0．05）；血清IGF-Ⅰ水平低于对照组（P〈0．05）；糖尿病伴OP组血清IGF-Ⅰ低于无OP组（P〈0．05）；糖尿病患者骨密度值与血清IGF-Ⅰ水平显著正相关（P〈0，05）。结论 老年女性2型糖尿病组OP发病率增高，与IGF-Ⅰ水平降低导致骨形成减少有关。     

中国丹东地区满族不同年龄人群骨密度及骨质疏松症患病率的调查

目的调查丹东地区满族不同年龄组人群骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)情况,了解骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)患病率及相关危险因素。方法采用美国Osteometer Medi Tech公司生产的DTX-200型双能X线骨密度仪,于2010年9月～12月对732例满族健康人群检测非受力侧前臂尺桡骨远端骨密度,每10岁为一组,获得数据进行统计学分析,同时填写骨质疏松危险因素调查表。结果满族男性BMD在30～39岁达骨峰值,0.619±0.059(g/cm2),女性在40～49岁达骨峰值,0.527±0.068(g/cm2),之后BMD开始下降。50岁后骨量减少的总体发生率男女比较无差异(P>0.05)。但70岁以上女性的OP发病率较同年龄组男性明显升高,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。男性OP的发生与年龄、长期素食正相关,与体重、经常饮牛奶负相关,而女性OP的发生仅与年龄正相关。结论通过对丹东地区满族人群骨密度的调查有助于建立丹东地区满族人群骨质疏松症诊断标准,提供骨质疏松症及其并发症的防治依据。     

吉林省监测人群骨质疏松症流行特征及影响因素分析

目的 分析吉林省居民骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)流行特征及其影响因素，了解吉林省居民OP现状，为OP相关防控策略的制订提供依据。方法 于2018年1月至8月，采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法，选取吉林省4个县(区)共1 850名20岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查、身体测量和骨密度检测。OP相关影响因素分析采用SPSS 21.0版统计软件进行χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 吉林省20岁以上居民OP患病率为10.22%,同男性(3.15%)相比，女性OP患病率较高(16.33%)。女性OP患病率是男性的5.929倍(OR=5.929,95%CI:3.797～9.258,P<0.001);城市居民OP患病率是农村居民的2.234倍(OR=2.234,95%CI:1.400～3.564,P=0.001);50～64岁、≥65岁组OP的患病率分别是20～49岁组的4.964、9.728倍(OR=4.964,95%CI:2.857～8.623,P<0.001;OR=9.728,95%CI:5.301～17.853,P<0.001)...     

中国丹东地区满族、汉族、朝鲜族人群前臂远端骨密度及骨质疏松症患病率调查

目的比较丹东地区汉族、满族、朝鲜族不同民族人群骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)情况,了解骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)患病率及相关危险因素。方法采用美国Osteometer Medi Tech公司生产的DTX-200型双能X线骨密度仪进行周围骨密度测量,于2010年8月～12月对2203例满、汉、朝鲜族健康人群检测非受力侧前臂尺桡骨远端骨密度,每10岁一组,对结果进行统计分析,同时填写骨质疏松相关危险因素调查表。结果丹东地区满、汉、朝鲜族三民族骨峰值分别为0.563±0.076(g/cm2)、0.573±0.085(g/cm2)、0.518±0.100(g/cm2),其骨峰值分别出现在40～49岁、30～39岁、30～39岁三个年龄段。BMD达到峰值后随着年龄增加逐渐下降,到80岁以上组BMD最低。40岁以上汉族、满族、朝鲜族骨质疏松症患病率无差异(P>0.05),分别为11.9%,10.7%,9.8%。满族OP发生与年龄正相关(P<0.05);汉族OP发生与性别正相关,女性OP发生率高(P<0.05);朝鲜族OP发生与年龄、长期素食正相关(P<0.05)。结论通过对丹东地区不同民族骨密度调查,有助于建立丹东地区满、汉、朝鲜族三个民族骨质疏松症的诊断标准,提供骨质疏松症及其并发症的防治依据。     

上海市北蔡镇老年人骨密度测定结果分析

目的 了解上海北蔡镇老年人群骨密度(Bone mineraldensity,BMD)变化规律及骨质疏松(Osteoporosis,OP)患病率,为本地区骨质疏松症的防治提供参考.方法 使用美国GE公司的Lunar Prodigy Advance PA+300164型双能X线骨密度仪对608例上海北蔡镇60～79岁老年人正位腰椎和左股骨近端进行骨密度测定,男性205例,女性403例.结果 随着年龄的增加髋部BMD逐渐下降,而腰部BMD不随年龄的增加而下降.男性组与女性组OP患病率差异有显著性(P<0.001);60～64、65～69、70～74、75～79岁组OP患病率差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 上海北蔡镇老年人群OP患病率随年龄增高而增高,70～79岁女性骨质疏松的患病率最高,预防骨折的重点在老年妇女.老年人应坚持适当的体育活动,及时检查骨密度,积极治疗骨质疏松症,并注意防止跌倒导致的骨折发生.     

绝经后妇女骨密度和血清骨转换指标与骨桥蛋白水平的相关性研究

目的探讨绝经后妇女循环骨桥蛋白(OPN)水平与骨转换和骨密度(BMD)之间的关系。方法 2015年7月至2017年8月,共有287名绝经后妇女纳入本研究。分析血清OPN水平,核因子κB(NF-κB)配体受体激活剂(RANKL)和骨转换标志物。采用双能X线吸收仪测定BMD。结果根据世界卫生组织(WHO)标准,102名受试者(35.5%)被诊断为骨质疏松症,125名(43.6%)骨质减少,60名(20.9%)正常骨密度。骨质疏松组的OPN水平显著高于骨量减少组和正常组(均为P0.001)。OPN诊断绝经后骨质疏松症的临界值为10.2 ng/mL,敏感性为90.1%,特异性为56.8%,曲线下面积为0.949。血清OPN和骨质疏松症组中甲状旁腺激素(PTH),腰椎BMD和股骨颈骨密度呈负相关,与I型前胶原氨基端前肽(PINP),I型的羧基端交联端肽胶原(CTX)和RANKL呈正相关。在多元回归分析中,腰椎骨密度,PTH和RANKL可以作为血清OPN水平的预测指标。结论 OPN血清水平与BMD呈负相关,与中国绝经后妇女骨转换水平呈正相关。     

广州市多社区1529名中老年人骨质疏松患病率及骨质疏松性骨折发生率分析

目的调查了解广州市社区中老年人骨量减少、骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的患病率及骨质疏松性骨折发生率,分析近年来骨质疏松患病率的增减趋势。方法采用现场问卷调查了解受试者的基本资料(包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、骨折史等),并用美国双能X线骨密度仪测量1529例40～87岁中老年人群的腰椎正位和左髋部骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),以性别、年龄分组进行分析。结果随着年龄递增,各组髋部BMD值逐渐下降,而腰椎BMD值并未随着增龄而呈现递减的趋势,60岁以上中老人髋部BMD值显著低于腰椎BMD值(P0.05)。根据腰椎BMD值计算,中老年人OP总患病率为30.7%,其中女性为34.2%,明显高于男性的17.9%(P0.05)。低骨量(osteopenia,OPA)总患病率为41.8%,男女分别为42.4%和41.6%(P0.05)。根据髋部BMD值计算,OP总患病率更高,达到38.2%,女性为39.4%,高于男性的33.9%(P0.05)。OPA总患病率为47.4%,男性为52.7%,女性为46.0%(P0.05)。受调查的中老年男性中有骨折史的为82例,女性为357例,OP患者骨折发生率为37.8%,远高于非OP患者23.1%(P0.01),再骨折发生率OP患者为6.2%,高于非OP患者的2.64%(P0.01)。结论广州市社区中老年人骨质疏松患病率和脆性骨折发生率较高,且其发生率均较以往有明显增高的趋势,建议早筛查、早诊断、早治疗。根据髋部BMD值进行骨质疏松评估的敏感性更高,应该首选髋部作为骨密度测量的部位。     

广西贺州地区原发性骨质疏松症现状调查

目的 为了解广西贺州地区正常人群腰椎,髋部各部位骨密度(BMD)随年龄变化的规律和原发性骨质疏松症(OP)的患病情况及可能影响因素.方法 3000名贺州地区健康人群应用意大利产I′acn型双能X线骨密度仪检测体检者的正位腰椎(L2～L4)、髋部的股骨颈(Neck)、三角区(Wards)、大转子(Troch)的BMD值,并咨询调查其一般生活方式.按年龄、性别进行分组,以5岁作为一个年龄段,OP的患病率以仪器设定的L2～L4、Neck为诊断区域.结果 除女性Neck骨量峰值(PBM)出现在25～29岁外,男女性其他部位的骨量蜂值均出现在30～34岁.40岁以后随着年龄的增加男女性BMD逐渐下降,女性各部位BMD值下降明显高于男性(P<0.05).进入50～59岁组,女性的骨量丢失速度呈明显加快.OP的患病率分别为:男性的Neck为16.69%,L2～L4为18.64%,女性的Neck为15.98%,L2～L4为28.14%,男女L2～L4比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而Neck比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).44～54岁OP患病率男性高于女性.结论 贺州地区男女PBM出现在25～34岁,40岁后随年龄增加而减少,女性BMD下降明显快于男性.OP的患病率与生活方式、增龄有关,应及早预防.     

Osteogenesis after Bone and Bone Marrow Transplantation: II. The Initial Cellular Events Following Transplantation of Decalcified Allografis of Cancellous Bone

An experimental study was done in rabbits to investigate the fate of allogeneic iliac cancellous bone, both non-decalcified and decalcified with hydrochloric acid, transplanted to a muscular site for up to 14 days. Some of the treated allografts were impregnated with autologous bone marrow cells, obtained from the femoral medulla by aspiration, and each was compared with allografts alone. Combined myelo-osseous grafts produced bone after 7 to 8 days implantation, as did marrow autografts alone. In addition non-decalcified implants stimulated the production of multinucleated giant cells. Three different types of wash solution were used but these did not influence the cell population seen, nor the new bone formation. It is concluded that the critical events in bone formation after transplantation occur less than 8 days after the transplantation and that marrow cells have osteogenic capacity. This has relevance to the clinical aspects of bone grafting.     

Bone cement with reduced proportion of monomer in total hip arthroplasty: Preclinical evaluation and randomized study of 47 cases with 5 years' follow-up

Bone cement with reduced amount of monomer and low curing temperature may improve implant fixation due to reduced toxicity. We analyzed the mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of such a cement (Cemex Rx) using Palacos R as control. The in vivo performance of the 2 cements was also evaluated in a prospective randomized study of 47 hips, where either of the cement types was used to fixate Lubinus SP2 prostheses with the stem made of titanium alloy. Cemex Rx had a reduced tensile strength, probably because this cement was manually mixed, as recommended by the manufacturer. A standardized laboratory test showed lower curing temperature for Cemex, but measurements at 37° and with prechilled Palacos R and Cemex Rx, as in clinical work, showed no difference. In the clinical study radiostereometric measurements of cup and stem migration showed similar values in the 2 groups up to 5 years after the operation. The cement mantle was stable in both groups, but the stems migrated similarly inside the cement mantle regardless of the type of cement used. Proximal wear was low (0.04-0.05 mm/year) and tended to be lower in the Cemex group (p = 0.02). Aluminum and vanadium levels in serum increased 5 years after the operation, but no difference was noted between the 2 groups. Collagen markers (PICP, ICTP) showed similar increases in bone turnover 6 weeks and 6 months after operation in both groups.     

重组合异种骨植骨修复骨囊肿所致骨缺损

2001年10月～2003年9月,笔者共收治28例骨囊肿患者,均采用病灶刮除,瘤腔灭活和重组合异种骨植骨治疗,获得满意疗效,体会如下。     

感染性骨缺损的治疗及研究进展

感染性骨缺损由于存在感染及骨缺损双重病变,治疗棘手,疗程长,且易出现肌肉萎缩、局部瘢痕而致肢体功能受到严重影响.近年来随着外固定技术、显微外科技术、生物材料技术及骨组织工程技术等的发展,感染性骨缺损的治疗取得明显进步,短缩了治疗时间,且效果显著,笔者对其研究进展综述如下.     

Building better bone: The weaving of biologic and engineering strategies for managing bone loss

Segmental bone loss remains a challenging clinical problem for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. In addition to the missing bone itself, the local tissues (soft tissue, vascular) are often highly traumatized as well, resulting in a less than ideal environment for bone regeneration. As a result, attempts at limb salvage become a highly expensive endeavor, often requiring multiple operations and necessitating the use of every available strategy (autograft, allograft, bone graft substitution, Masquelet, bone transport, etc.) to achieve bony union. A cost‐sensitive, functionally appropriate, and volumetrically adequate engineered substitute would be practice‐changing for orthopaedic trauma surgeons and these patients with difficult clinical problems. In tissue engineering and bone regeneration fields, numerous research efforts continue to make progress toward new therapeutic interventions for segmental bone loss, including novel biomaterial development as well as cell‐based strategies. Despite an ever‐evolving literature base of these new therapeutic and engineered options, there remains a disconnect with the clinical practice, with very few translating into clinical use. A symposium entitled “Building better bone: The weaving of biologic and engineering strategies for managing bone loss,” was presented at the 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society Conference to further explore this engineering‐clinical disconnect, by surveying basic, translational, and clinical researchers along with orthopaedic surgeons and proposing ideas for pushing the bar forward in the field of segmental bone loss. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1855–1864, 2017.

     

The Penetration of Lincomycin into Normal Human Bone: Determinations of Penetration into Compact Bone, Spongy Bone and Bone Marrow

The penetration of lincomycin into normal bone was studied in 10 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur, a separate determination being made of the lincomycin concentration in serum, bone marrow, spongy bone and compact bone. The concentration of lincomycin in bone marrow was found to be at the same level as that in the serum. The concentration in spongy bone amounted in most cases to 50 to 75 per cent of the concentration in the serum, whereas the concentration in compact bone varied from 0 to 15 per cent of that in the serum.     

No adverse effects of early weight bearing after uncemented total hip arthroplastyA randomized study of 20 patients

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.     

Repair of Bone Defects by Bone Inductive Material

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.     

The benefit of bone marrow concentrate in addition to a glass‐reinforced hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration: An in vivo ovine study

This study evaluates the ability of a Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composite (GRHC), in a new microporous pellet formulation with autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC), to enhance bone regeneration and new bone formation. Ninety non‐critical sized bone defects were created in the femurs of nine Merino breed sheep and randomly left unfilled (group A), filled with GRHC pellets alone (group B) or filled with GRHC pellets combined with BMC (group C). The sheep were sacrificed at 3 weeks (three sheep), 6 weeks (three sheep) and 12 weeks (three sheep) and histological analysis (Light Microscopy‐LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histomorphometric analysis (HM) were performed. At 3, 6, and 12 weeks, HM revealed an average percentage of new bone of 48, 72, 83%; 25, 73, 80%, and 16, 38, 78% for Groups C, B and A respectively (significantly different only at 3 weeks p < 0.05). LM and SEM evaluation revealed earlier formation of well‐organized mature lamellar bone in Group C. This study demonstrates that the addition of a bone marrow concentrate to a glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite in a pellet formulation promotes early bone healing. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1176–1182, 2017.