塔里木西北缘乌什南上石炭统索格当他乌组微量稀土元素特征及地质意义

为探讨塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪地区上石炭统索格当他乌组沉积环境、物源属性和构造背景,在野外地质调查的基础上,对柯坪地区乌什南剖面上石炭统索格当他乌组细碎屑岩进行了系统的地球化学样品采集与测试分析。通过氧化还原敏感元素组合及微量元素特征比值对比,发现研究区索格当他乌组细碎屑岩形成于弱还原环境。再利用Hf-La/Th、La/Sc-Co/Th和REE-La/Yb判别图解、微量元素特征比值(La/Sc、Sc/Th、Cr/Th及Co/Th),并结合岩石矿物薄片分析,认为索格当他乌组细碎屑岩与上地壳特征相似,母岩以长英质岩石为主,混有部分花岗岩和安山岩。对比不同构造背景下杂砂岩的稀土、微量元素特征,并结合碎屑岩La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10三角图解,认为研究区上石炭统索格当他乌组细碎屑岩源岩具有大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘、被动大陆边缘多重构造背景。     

北淮阳东段佛子岭群变质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

北淮阳地区的佛子岭群是一套经受了多次变形、变质作用的低级变质岩系。佛子岭群主量元素平均含量为SiO_275.42%、Al_2O_38.13%、MgO 1.52%、Fe_2O_33.23%、Na_2O 1.61%、K_2O 1.67%、TiO_2 0.41%;特征微量元素Th、U、Hf、Sc、Zr、Y平均含量分别为8.49×10~(-6)、1.47×10~(-6)、4.85×10~(-6)、170.66×10~(-6)、193.69×10~(-6)、18.97×10~(-6);Th/U、La/Y、Th/Sc、La/Sc比值分别为4.92、3.56、1.51、1.38;∑REE含量125.3×10~(-6),δEu=0.67,轻稀土富集,La/Yb=14.99,(La/Yb)N=10.11。下部的祥云寨组主要为一套变质石英砂岩,原岩为砂岩和杂砂岩,构造环境以被动大陆边缘为主,物源以石英岩沉积岩物源区为主,并显示了亲扬子陆块的特征。而诸佛庵组和潘家岭组为一套云母石英片岩、石英云母片岩和二云片岩,原岩为杂砂岩、亚岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩及页岩,构造背景为大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘,物源区主要为石英岩沉积岩物源区和长英质火成岩物源区,并显示了亲华北陆块的特征,表明佛子岭群经历了由扬子北缘被动大陆边缘向华北南缘活动大陆边缘的构造转化。     

闽西南地区晚三叠-中侏罗世沉积岩矿物和元素地球化学特征：对盆地构造背景转变的约束

闽西南地区上三叠统-中侏罗统文宾山组、梨山组和漳平组经历了一次大规模的海侵-海退事件.泥岩的常量元素分析和ICP-MS微量、稀土元素测试结果显示的地球化学特征表明,该套沉积物源岩主要为沉积岩和花岗岩.文宾山组和梨山组沉积物源岩是来自被动大陆边缘物源区和酸性岛弧源区的沉积岩和花岗岩(Rb＞ 100×10-6; K20＞ 1％;Hf=5.38×10-6～ 14.17×10-6;La/Th=1.64 ～4.94).漳平组源岩来自酸性岛弧源区和长英质、基性岩混合物物源区的花岗岩(Rb＞300×10-6; K20 ＞2％;Hf=3.75 ×10-6～6.64×10-6; La/Th =2.73 ～4.21).砂岩骨架成分研究表明,文宾山组物源主要来自火山弧造山带;梨山组和漳平组物源来自火山弧造山带和岩浆弧物源区,这与泥岩地球化学特征显示的物源区吻合.不同时代岩性岩相组合、泥岩地球化学特征和砂岩矿物成分特征,以及样品在Zr-Th、La-Th-Sc、Th-Co-Zr/10构造环境判别图解中的位置,说明文宾山组沉积物沉积于既有被动大陆边缘特性,也有大陆岛弧(∑REE =22.51×10-6～152.6×10-6;LREE/HREE=7.21～ 15.01,8Eu =0.69 ～0.90,La/Yb =5.64～ 16.93;(La/Yb)N=3.66～10.99)特性的弧后伸展盆地.梨山组沉积物沉积于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘(∑REE=140.4×10-6 ～335.5×10-6,LREE/HREE =9.52～15.90,δEu=0.48 ～0.62,La/Yb=11.04 ～21.13;(La/Yb)N =7.17 ～ 13.72),同时具有被动大陆边缘(∑REE=115.4×10-6～383.4×10-6,LREE/HREE=8.30 ～20.27,δEu =0.55～0.67,La/Yb=8.42 ～30.12;(La/Yb)N =5.47 ～ 19.56)特性的弧后挤压盆地.漳平组沉积物沉积于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘(∑REE=98.34×10-6～260.5×10-6,LREE/HREE=11.28～19.38,δEu=0.56 ～0.64,La/Yb=10.19 ～23.91;(La/Yb)N =6.62 ～15.52)特性的弧后挤压盆地.     

云南思茅盆地江城上白垩统勐野井组稀土微量元素特征及地质意义

沉积盆地中碎屑岩的地球化学成分主要受物源区控制,因此,通过分析碎屑岩的化学成分可以揭示盆地沉积岩的源区构造背景和物源属性。思茅盆地上白垩统勐野井组（K2me）细碎屑岩的稀土元素组成分析结果表明,研究区沉积物具有轻稀土元素富集,较平坦的重稀土元素分布模式,以及中等程度 Eu 负异常的总体特征。根据样品的（Hf-La/Th、La/Sc-Co/Th和REE-La/Yb）图解,特征性微量元素比值（La/Sc、Sc/Th、Cr/Th 和 Co/Th）,并结合岩矿薄片分析,认为勐野井组细碎屑岩具有典型的上陆壳特征,源区母岩以长英质岩石为主。微量元素 Cr/Co 结合岩相古地理的分析显示勐野井组细碎屑沉积物应属于近源沉积。通过与不同构造背景下杂砂岩的稀土元素特征对比及主元素（K2O/Na2O-SiO2/Al2O3和SiO2-K2O/Na2O）判别图解,勐野井组细碎屑岩源区构造背景应属被动大陆边缘环境,这与思茅盆地所处的三江造山带构造背景相符。     

桌子山地区奥陶系乌拉力克组碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源的制约

桌子山地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段,保留了相对完整的奥陶统地层。本文通过对该地区中—上奥陶统乌拉力克组16件碎屑岩样品进行地球化学分析,对碎屑岩的源区特征和构造环境进行了研究。结果表明:乌拉力克组碎屑岩主要为成熟度较低的岩屑砂屑岩,SiO_2为62.74%~85.47%,K_2O/Na_2O比值为2.2~12.9,tFe_2O_3+MgO值为2.6%~7.21%。稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和Eu、Ce负异常特征。砂岩风化蚀变指数(CIA)为66~75,反映温暖、湿润条件下中等的化学风化程度。Zr/Sc和Th/Sc比值共同表明乌拉力克组的碎屑组成不具备"沉积再旋回"的特征。砂岩物源区组成判别图研究表明,乌拉力克组碎屑岩的物源区主要出露长英质沉积岩。砂岩形成构造环境判别图解及特征指数分析表明,乌拉力克组主要形成于大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘相关沉积盆地,具有多物源的特征。     

四川盆地西南缘龙马溪组泥岩地球化学特征及物源区和构造背景分析

本文对川西南荥经地区龙马溪组泥岩的岩石学、矿物学及元素地球化学开展了研究,探讨了龙马溪组沉积环境、物源区属性及构造背景。结果表明,研究区龙马溪组泥岩砂质、钙质含量较高,指示其沉积水体较浅。稀土元素特征及及A—CN—K图解说明龙马溪组泥岩组成较少受成岩及交代作用影响,样品较完整地保存了物源和风化作用信息。K2O、Rb、Al2O3 /TiO2含量较高及Eu负异常指示其母岩为偏酸性的长英质岩、花岗岩类,推测主要来自康滇古陆新元古代早期地台盖层。ICV值大于1,CIA平均值为66,Th/U与地壳UCC值相近,Rb/Sr值明显低于PAAS,指示其物源为近源初次旋回的快速沉积产物,受化学风化作用较小,沉积环境为干燥、寒冷环境。La/Yb、LREE/HREE及Sc/Cr等值均与被动大陆边缘值相近,结合Sc/Cr—La/Y等判别图解,说明研究区沉积构造背景主要为被动大陆边缘。     

海南岛西部石炭系砂岩地球化学及Sm-Nd同位素特征:对源区特征和沉积环境的制约

沉积岩化学组分和同位素组成特征能有效反映碎屑沉积岩的源区和沉积环境。海南岛西部石碌地区出露下石炭统南好组和上石炭统青天峡组砂岩,这两套层序主要由海相-浅海相、浅变质陆缘碎屑岩组成。为探讨它们的物质来源和沉积环境,以期对海南岛晚古生代的构造演化提供制约,对这两套砂岩进行了主元素、微量元素含量(含稀土元素)和Sm-Nd同位素组成分析。分析结果表明,石炭系砂岩均具有与澳大利亚后太古宙平均页岩(PAAS)接近的主元素和微量元素含量及配分形式;REE球粒陨石标准化分布模式均显示出LREE富集的右倾形。南好组和青天峡组砂岩的La/Yb值分别为9.17~16.65(D12为33.9)和8.88~12.10,δEu值分别为0.55~0.68和0.45~0.72。Sm-Nd同位素分析显示,南好组砂岩ε_(Nd(330Ma))值和模式年龄分别在-12.37~-3.07(平均值-8.86)和1339~1937 Ma之间,青天峡组砂岩ε_(Nd(310Ma))值和模式年龄分别在-8.35~-0.35(平均值-5.15)和1136~1651 Ma之间。南好组砂岩具有较高的Th/Sc值,分布在0.58~2.38之间(平均值1.58),绝大部分样品Th/Sc值大于1,显示沉积物再循环的特征。青天峡组砂岩的Th/Sc值分布在0.61~1.07之间(平均值0.86),显示物源中火山物质的增加。Co/Th-La/Sc和ε_(Nd)-Th/Sc图解表明,南好组砂岩物源以上地壳物质再循环为主,年轻火山岩物质贡献不明显,物源更为分散;青天峡组砂岩的物源以上地壳火山岩为主。从Ti/Zr-La/Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10构造判别图解可以发现,下石炭统南好组砂岩落在被动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧区域内;上石炭统青天峡组砂岩分布在大陆岛弧或大陆岛弧和被动大陆边缘,相对更靠近大陆岛弧环境。根据上述地球化学对比研究推断,自早石炭世至晚石炭世,海南岛石碌地区处于被动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧环境演化的环境。在石炭纪,海南岛处于被动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧环境转换的环境,这一构造背景与印支板块向华南板块俯冲和古特提斯洋消减这一构造事件相吻合。     

北羌塘盆地三叠系康南组砂岩地球化学特征及其对物源区和构造背景的制约

沉积盆地中碎屑砂岩的地球化学特征主要受物源区的制约,分析碎屑砂岩的化学成分可以揭示盆地砂岩的物源属性和构造背景。笔者对北羌塘盆地三叠系康南组碎屑砂岩进行全岩分析。样品具有高SiO_2含量,K_2O/Na_2O值变化较大,TFe_2O_3+MgO含量中等。稀土元素配分模式图显示富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N=3.96～9.25,平均为6.32,δEu明显负异常;δCe呈弱负异常。碱土金属元素和化学蚀变指数(CIA)以及成分变异指数(IPV)说明其源区物质较新鲜,成熟度相对较低,化学风化作用较弱—中等。此外,微量元素Th/U、La/Sc、Th/Sc等值以及TiO_2-Ni、La/Th-Hf、Co/Th-La/Sc和Th/Sc-La/Sc源岩判别图解反映砂岩的物源具有长英质特征。砂岩的SiO_2-K_2O/Na_2O、La-Th、La/Y-Sc/Cr双变量图解,La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10三变量图解以及Th/U、Rb/Sr等值表明北羌塘三叠系康南组碎屑砂岩的物源区构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼有被动大陆边缘构造背景特征。     

川西道孚地区三叠系细碎屑岩的地球化学特征及成生背景

道孚地区位于松潘-甘孜造山带的中心部位,该区发育一套以三叠系西康群浊积岩为代表的碎屑岩系。通过对该区金川和雅江盆地所采细碎屑岩样品地球化学特征的分析,结果显示,其w(SiO_2)集中在61%~68%之间,w(Al2O3)为7.58%~10%,w(CaO)多大于7%,w(K_2O/Na_2O)为1.11~1.82;化学性质活泼的大离子亲石元素Rb,Sr,Ba及不活泼元素Zr,Hf,Sc等含量大多低于上地壳丰度;而铁族元素Cr,Co,Ni含量较高;稀土元素总量相差不大(ΣREE=140.67×10~(-6)~179.57×10~(-6)),LREE/HREE多为7.07~9.27,δEu为0.62~0.67,La/Yb为10.15~16.14,稀土元素曲线基本相似,以轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和较显著的负铕异常为特征;表明该区两盆地细碎屑岩常、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征均具有一定相似性,反映出其在物源和沉积环境上的一致性。研究认为,道孚地区三叠系浊积细碎屑岩的地球化学特征主要与大陆岛弧及活动大陆边缘沉积物特征较一致,个别样品或部分地球化学元素参数指标具被动陆缘构造环境砂岩的某些特点;反映其物源区性质主要为大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘,并具有被动大陆边缘的构造背景。综合前人研究,认为研究区金川与雅江盆地的细碎屑岩是由前印支期的被动大陆边缘环境转化为晚三叠世具有多岛弧盆特征的活动大陆边缘环境下浊流沉积的产物,在其之间和周缘分布着与火山活动有关的岛屿或陆缘岛弧,为盆地充填提供相关物源。     

山东胶莱盆地下白垩统莱阳组物质组分特征及其对源区的制约

位于中国东部苏鲁造山带北侧的胶莱盆地发育早白垩世莱阳组,厚约2000m,为一套陆相碎屑沉积,包括砾岩、砂岩和页岩,以及少量泥灰岩、白云岩和凝灰岩。它可以分为4个岩性段,每个段大致形成一个向上变细的旋回。砾岩砾石成分主要为花岗片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、混合花岗岩和大理岩,其次是黑云片岩、灰岩和沉积碎屑岩、火山岩和花岗岩等。莱阳组砂岩主要由岩屑长石砂岩以及岩屑砂岩组成,具有低的成分成熟度,Q／（F＋L）平均为0．42（0．19～0．84）。石英主要由单晶石英组成,长石包括斜长石、微斜长石等,岩屑主要为火山岩和变质岩,其次为沉积岩。6个砂岩地球化学样品分析表明,砂岩的SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、Fe2O3^T;、MnO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O的平均含量分别为70．53％、13．10％、0．41％、3．09％、0．06％、1．23％、1．69％、3．38％和3．38％,类似于晚元古代造山带砂岩成分。莱阳组砂岩稀土元素分析表明,La含量为38．4×10^-6（28．0×10^-6-50．5×10^-6）,Ce含量为69．3×10^-6（58．1×10^-6～81．3×10^-6）,稀土总量为134×10^-6～197×10^-6,轻稀土明显富集,La/Yb为20．18（11．91～25．98）,（La／Yb）。为13．60（8．03～17．52）,有中等到弱的Eu负异常（δEu=0．58-0．88）,Ce为弱的负异常（δCe=0．78～0．97）。Ce含量、稀土总量和Eu异常揭示源区岩石形成时的构造背景主要为大陆岛弧。砾石统计揭示,莱阳组物源区的剥蚀序列按时间顺序应该是花岗片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩-大理岩-脉石英、灰岩和碎屑岩-正长岩。砂岩点统计、F1-F2判别图、La—Th-Sc和Th—Sc—Zr／10判别图揭示,莱阳组砂岩主要源区属于大陆弧的长英质火成岩区,少许来自再循环造山带。砂岩Zr／Y比值揭示莱阳组砂岩与分布在山东荣成地区具有大陆弧构造背景的片麻岩具有亲缘性。这表明山东胶菜盆地莱阳组砂岩源区主要来自苏鲁造山带,其次有少许来自扬子陆块。造山带周缘盆地的陆源沉积物中,砂岩的碎屑组分以及地球化学特征具有源区构造背景的继承性,反映的是源岩形成的构造环境。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)