高温设备用耐热钢

在450~800℃温度范围内,耐热钢具有优良的综合力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,且具有经济性方面的优势,通常用作高温设备的主体材料。阐述了耐热钢的强化机理,不同合金元素对耐热钢的强化作用和对耐热钢抗高温氧化性能的影响,以及温度对耐热钢疲劳性能的影响,可为高温设备的合理选材提供一定的指导。     

FOLAX回转窑的护板及蓖冷机篦板国产化初探

本文讨论了福建省顺昌水泥厂引进丹麦F.L史密斯公司的FOLAX回转窑和蓖冷机主要耐热钢件失效的原因,介绍了进口耐热钢件材质分析及国产配件材料选择,为这种丹麦史密斯型耐热钢件开创了供货渠道。     

FOLAX回转窑的护板及篦冷机篦板国产化初探

本文讨论了福建省顺昌水泥厂引进丹麦Ｆ．Ｌ史密斯公司的ＦＯＬＡＸ回转窑和篦冷机主要耐热钢件失效的原因，介绍了进口耐热钢件材质分析及国产配件材料选择，为这种丹麦史密斯型耐热钢件开创了供货渠道。     

节镍耐热钢零件在篦冷机上的应用

自1978年以来,我们在一台3.4×17.7米大型水平推动篦冷冷却机中,成功地以国产ZG4Cr22Ni4N 节镍奥氏体耐热钢,代替了25—12型高铬镍奥氏体耐热钢。逐步地掌握了它的冶铸特性和损坏规律。使用经验证明:ZG4Cr22Ni4N(简称 ZG)耐热钢篦子板,可以代替25—12型高铬镍耐热钢篦子板,从而节约了大量贵重金属——镍,降低了设备配件和维修费用。     

奥氏体不锈钢与铬钼耐热钢管道焊接工艺

通过沙特satorp项目奥氏体不锈钢与铬钼耐热钢(以TP347与P22为例)的焊接实例,从不锈钢与铬钼耐热钢的异种钢焊接性分析、焊接工艺措施、焊接方法、焊接材料选择、坡口制备、焊前预热及焊后热处理、焊接工艺评定、主要操作及质量控制要点和不同焊接工艺措施对比等方面进行了论述,以此确定合理的不锈钢与铬钼耐热钢的异种钢焊接工艺,解决不锈钢与铬钼耐热钢的异种钢焊接问题。     

压力容器焊接工艺研究

近年来,国内压力容器焊接技术取得了引人注目的新发展。随着压力容器工作参数的大幅度提高及应用领域的不断扩展,对焊接技术提出了愈来愈高的要求。所选用的焊接方法、焊接工艺、焊接材料和焊接设备首先应保证焊接接头的高质量,同时必须满足高效、低耗、低污染的要求。耐热钢压力容器作为压力容器的一个类型,是各个方面都发挥着重要的应用价值,本文针对耐热钢压力容器的特点,对耐热钢压力容器焊接工艺进行了具体的阐述。     

浅谈压力容器焊接性能的重要性

随着压力容器工作参数的大幅度提高及应用领域的不断扩展,对焊接技术提出了愈来愈高的要求。近年来国内压力容器焊接技术也取得了引人注目的新发展。所选用的焊接方法、焊接工艺、焊接材料和焊接设备首先应保证焊接接头的高质量,同时必须满足高效、低耗、低污染的要求。耐热钢压力容器作为压力容器的一个类型,是各个方面都发挥着重要的应用价值,本文针对耐热钢压力容器的特点,对耐热钢压力容器焊接工艺进行了具体的阐述。     

压力容器焊接工艺研究

近年来,国内压力容器焊接技术取得了引人注目的新发展。随着压力容器工作参数的大幅度提高及应用领域的不断扩展,对焊接技术提出了愈来愈高的要求。所选用的焊接方法、焊接工艺、焊接材料和焊接设备首先应保证焊接接头的高质量,同时必须满足高效、低耗、低污染的要求。耐热钢压力容器作为压力容器的一个类型,是各个方面都发挥着重要的应用价值,本文针对耐热钢压力容器的特点,对耐热钢压力容器焊接工艺进行了具体的阐述。     

江苏华信达特钢科技有限公司

我公司自行研制开发的超强型耐热钢有HXD—ZG-01至HXD-ZG-06型牌号的耐热钢系列产品。该专利产品可取代ZG35Cr28Ni48,ZG40Cr25Ni20S12、ZGCr26Ni12、Cr24Ni7Si2等耐热钢。产品可根据不同行业的使用要求、环境和条件选用不同型号的超强型耐热钢。产品的主要特点：耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、抗高硫、抗冲击、易切削、可焊接等。     

焦炭塔用14Cr1MoR材料焊接工艺分析

近几年国内大型炼厂焦炭塔常用的材料为15CrMoR.2008年我公司制造了两台以14Cr1MoR珠光体耐热钢(Cr-Mo系低合金耐热钢)为主材的焦炭塔.本文就此钢种材料的焊接性能及工艺,作如下介绍.     

Corrosion of alumina-magnesia castable by high manganese steel with respect to steel cleanness

High manganese steel has been widely used in the national defense, automobile and petrochemical industry fields due to its excellent wear resistance and low temperature toughness. Alumina-magnesia refractory plays a significant role in high manganese steel smelting. In this paper, the interaction between alumina-magnesia castable and high manganese steel, and its effects on the quality of high manganese steel were analysed. The Fe and Mn of the molten steel transferred into the castable during the early smelting stage, so a reacted metamorphic layer with lower melting point was formed between the refractory castable and high manganese steel. With the prolongation of smelting time, the thickness of the reaction layer and number of molten steel droplets entrained into the refractory castable-high manganese steel reaction layer were increased under dynamic conditions. Some refractory particles were loosed and dropped into the reaction layer, which accelerated the erosion of the refractory castable, causing an increase in the total [O] content in the steel. An isolation layer of (Fe, Mg, Mn)Al₂O₄ composites began to form after 30?min and the total [O] content in the steel decreased gradually to below 10?ppm after 60?min. The formation of an isolation layer prevented the corrosion of the refractory castable and guaranteed steel cleanness within 90?min of smelting, but resulted in a 2% decrease of the Mn content in the high manganese steel during the smelting process.     

基于数字图像相关法的铝镁质耐火材料抗侵蚀性能研究

钢渣侵蚀是耐火材料在服役过程中的主要损毁形式之一,实际侵蚀过程难以直接观察。传统上采用蚀后分析方法来评价耐火材料的抗侵蚀能力和了解侵蚀机理,但易缺少过程信息,导致结果存在偏差。因此,本文在高温可视化系统基础上,结合数字图像相关法,选取三种典型钢渣,开展铝镁质耐火材料的渣蚀行为研究,并探讨了不同钢渣及热处理温度对材料抗侵蚀能力的影响。结果表明：碱度越低的熔渣对铝镁质耐火材料的侵蚀越严重;对铝镁质耐火材料进行1 000℃以上的热处理,可有效提高材料的抗侵蚀能力;通过数字图像相关法可以获得随时间变化的平均应变曲线和侵蚀应变云图,其中平均应变曲线可以对比铝镁质耐火材料对不同钢渣的抗侵蚀能力,侵蚀应变云图可以反映侵蚀的演变过程,两者为耐火材料渣蚀过程的表征提供了量化指标。     

An analysis of the temperature field in the refractory feeder of a horizontal continuous billet casting machine

Conclusions A mathematical model of the process of formation of the front of solidification of the billet skin in the refractory feeder of a horizontal continuous casting machine taking into consideration possible changes in the geometric and thermophysical parameters of the refractory has been developed.An algorithm and a program have been set up making it possible to calculate the temperature field in the refractory feeder taking into consideration the front of solidification of the billet skin. Using the program developed the temperature field was calculated for a graphite-containing refractory in teeming of 45 steel. The calculations made agree with experimental results on wear of the refractory.The data obtained makes it possible to explain the wear of the refractory in the zone of contact with the mold and also to optimize the configuration of the working portion of the horizontal continuous casting machine refractory feeder.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 36–40, June, 1988.     

Cr-Ni奥氏体不锈耐热钢中碳化物、σ相变热力学和转变动力学探讨

从相变热力学和转变动力学出发 ,研究了Cr Ni奥氏体不锈耐热钢中碳化物和σ相的析出过程、相变机制及转变速率 ,提供了一种新的研究高温脆性的方法     

长水口热机械应力研究

长水口是实现钢水无氧化浇注的重要元件 ,在使用过程中常常因为热机械应力过大而损坏。运用有限单元法 ,模拟长水口在工作状态下的热应力场 ,研究了热冲击时间、预热温度以及材料的热导率对热应力的影响。计算结果表明 :热冲击时间的长短不影响应力峰值的大小 ;提高预热温度可以降低应力峰值 ;不同的热导率不会改变应力峰值的大小 ,只会改变应力的变化快慢。     

Wear of the periclase-lime lining of steel teeming ladles in ladle desulfurization of steel

Conclusions Wear of a periclase-lime steel teeming ladle refractory lining is a complex physicochemical process in which it is practically impossible to distinguish a predominant elementary direction of action of the molten slag and metal.Replacement of liquid synthetic slags with solid slag-forming mixtures in ladle desulfurization of steel does not have a significant influence on wear of the lining working layer.An increase in the amplitude and number of thermal cycles significantly increases formation of cracks in the refractory lining and, consequently, accelerates its wear. An increase in temperature gradient within the refractory layer significantly increases crack formation.The presence of high-temperature contact of the periclase-lime lining working layer with strong deoxidizers accelerates its wear.Reduction of the magnesium and calcium of the refractories by the carbon of the binder under ladle service conditions may occur only with escape of gaseous CO through the reinforcing layer and the joints of the refractory lining in special gas escape holes in the ladle shell.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 33–36, March, 1993.     

耐火材料与洁净钢的关系

从化学热力学分析讨论了耐火氧化物及复合氧化物与钢液中平衡氧含量的关系 ,钢液中氧含量与氧势的关系 ,耐火氧化物与钢中硫含量 ,耐火氧化物及结合剂与钢中磷含量 ,耐火材料中残余水分及有机结合剂与钢中氢含量的关系 ,以及炼超低碳钢时的碳污染等问题。     

Degradation of alumina refractory bricks by sintering Mn low-alloy steels

The economic importance of the corrosion and wear of refractory materials is indisputable because these processes determine the viability of any high-temperature liner used in metallurgical processes. The degradation mechanism of lining materials (refractory bricks) in contact with corrosive gases can be studied by examining the penetration rate or the chemical corrosion that results from the circulation of the atmosphere over the refractory material (by diffusional and convective transport). During the sintering of steel containing Mn, the high vapour pressure of Mn enables its sublimation during thermal cycling; therefore, Mn is incorporated into the sintering atmosphere. Although the diffusion of Mn in steel samples is beneficial, the presence of Mn in a sintering atmosphere can modify the composition of refractory components. As a result of atmosphere-refractory interactions, a new phase is formed. In this study, the changes in refractory materials as a function of exposure time to atmospheres containing Mn_(g) at the most common sintering temperature, 1120 °C, were investigated. The microstructural changes in the refractory materials and the consequences of the presence of Mn_(g) were analysed using optical microscopy, electron microscopy with X-ray (EDS) microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF).     

Service of zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting

Conclusions The Chasov-yar Refractories Combine has introduced a technology developed by UNIIO for making zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting equipment. Zircon nozzles possess a high erosion resistance and give a more stable casting for killed and unkilled steels compared with other types of nozzle. Tightening of the nozzles when pouring killed steel depends on a number of factors (amount of reducing agent, casting temperature, chemical composition of the steel, refractory, etc.) and requires further study.T. M. Vysotskaya-Kvitko took part in the work.     

Performance of a ceramic frit anti-oxidation coating on a MgO-C refractory brick

In steel production, ladles must be preheated to minimize the heat loss of the steel melt, prevent thermal shock of refractory bricks (MgO-C), and to maximize the lining life of ladle. Partial oxidation of MgO-C bricks begins in the graphite bond during the preheating. Oxidation of graphite bond also causes a decrease in performance of the bricks because of an increase in the brick porosity. In this article, coating on a MgO-C brick surface by a ceramic film to protect against carbon oxidation was studied. Coated and un-coated bricks were heated at 1200 °C, cooled to room temperature, then the brick properties investigated. The oxidization resistance properties of brick with coating were much better than those without coating, which should lead to longer refractory service life.