多孔介质模型在300MW空冷岛下挡风墙中的应用

以某300MW直接空冷机组为例,利用CFD软件对其空冷岛外部流场进行数值模拟。分析了不同结构形式的下挡风墙对空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响。指出了在风速大于6m/s时,空冷凝汽器换热效率的降低是"倒灌"现象与热风回流综合作用的结果。计算结果表明,在空冷平台四周的外沿下方加装直面下挡风墙后比不加时换热效率提高了12.1%,加装面积比为1:1.73、夹角为90°的多孔折面下挡风墙后,空冷凝汽器的平均换热效率比加直面实心挡风墙提高了2.1%,更加有利于凝汽器的换热。为进一步改进空冷岛的结构提供了理论依据。     

环境风对空冷岛换热性能影响的分析及其改善措施

利用CFD软件,采用分步建模的方法对某2×300MW直接空冷凝汽器进行了数值模拟.分析了不同风向和风速对空冷岛外部流场和空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响.找出了环境风影响下热风回流和空冷单元风机出力降低的原因.空冷岛安装防风网,其换热性能会受到防风网的影响.结果表明,低压区的形成是导致热风回流和风机出力降低的主要原因;加装防风网可以有效改善风机入口流场,在风速为9m/s时,可以提高风机容积效率8.5％.     

环境风对直接空冷岛换热的影响

以国内蒙达电厂600MW直接空冷机组为例,针对当前直接空冷机组运行中的突出问题——环境风的不利影响,利用CFD数值模拟软件Fluent,对空冷岛外部流场进行数值模拟。发现炉后来风、热风回流、倒灌是造成空冷岛换热效率下降的主要因素,分析了炉后来风、热风回流、倒灌等对空冷岛外部流场和换热性能的影响机理,并得到环境风速与热风回流和倒灌的关系。     

空冷平台外部流场的数值模拟

采用SIMPLE算法和k-ε模型,以我国某600MW直接空冷电厂为例,对其空冷平台外部流场进行了数值模拟.分析了不同风速对直接空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响,阐述了热风回流现象产生的原因.结果表明:随着环境风速的提高,空冷凝汽器的换热效率先升后降,理论上存在换热效率最佳的风速值;热风回流使冷空气吸入量减少,并降低了换热偏差,因而影响了换热效率.     

环境风影响下空冷系统换热特性数值模拟

环境风是影响直接空冷系统运行特性的主要因素之一。以某2×300 MW直接空冷机组空冷系统为研究对象,通过数值模拟,获得了不同炉后风速下空冷岛的空气流量和热风回流率,分析了空冷岛冷却空气流动换热特性。计算结果表明:不同炉后风速对空冷岛换热特性影响差别较大;随着炉后风速的增加,直接空冷岛空气流量不断降低;热风回流率先随炉后风速增大而增加,而后随炉后风速增大而降低;空冷岛各单元热风回流现象表现出明显的区域特性,处于风场上游的空冷单元具有较大的热风回流率。     

防风网对空冷岛换热效率的影响及防风网优化

以国内蒙达电厂600MW直接空冷机组为例,针对当前直接空冷机组运行中的突出问题——环境风的不利影响,利用CFD数值模拟软件Fluent,对空冷岛外部流场进行数值模拟.针对环境风的影响,在空冷岛挡风墙下延方向加装防风网.分析典型风向下,加装不同高度及开孔率的防风网对空冷岛换热性能的影响,从而对防风网进行优化.通过研究发现加装防风网后能有效地抵御环境风的影响,提高直接空冷岛的换热效率.     

自然风对空冷凝汽器换热效率影响的数值模拟

以我国某300 MW直接空冷电厂为例,对空冷平台外部流场进行了数值模拟,分析不同风速对直接空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响,阐述了空冷平台边缘空气倒灌和热风回流现象产生的原因,探索提高空冷凝汽器换热效率的措施,以使直接空冷电厂能稳定经济地运行.     

主导风向对直接空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响

采用SIMPLE算法和k-ε模型,对2台600 MW直接空冷机组的空冷岛外部流场进行了数值模拟,分析了不同主导风向对空冷岛外部流场及空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响,探索了机组换热效率最高及最低时主导风向的范围.结果表明:在同一主导风向下,风速越大,换热效率越低,当风速从3 m/s增大到9 m/s时,换热效率降低了14.3%;在相同风速条件下,当主导风向与空冷平台夹角成135°～150°或者30°～45°时,空冷凝汽器的换热效率最高,当风向角在270°附近时,效率最低,两者效率之差达8.7%.     

锅炉侧面来风对空冷机组换热效率的影响

环境风特别是横向环境风会引起热风回流,造成空气凝汽器换热恶化,影响直接空冷机组的安全、经济性运行。以国内某电厂300MW直接空冷系统为例,利用Fluent软件,针对锅炉侧面风给直接空冷机组带来的不利影响,对空冷岛外部流场进行了数值模拟研究。主要分析了锅炉侧面来风的不同风速下空冷平台流场情况,研究了锅炉侧面风在对空冷风机冷空气吸入量和空冷凝汽器换热性能的影响。     

600MW直接空冷机组空冷岛最佳高度的数值模拟

利用CFD软件采用simple算法和k-ε湍流模型对某600MW直接空冷机组空冷岛的外部流场进行数值模拟,分析了不同风速下不同空冷岛平台高度对凝汽器换热效率的影响,提出了最佳空冷岛平台高度,为进一步完善空冷岛的结构设计提供了理论参考。     

电厂直接空冷系统热风回流的数值模拟

阐述了热风回流的产生机理及热回流率的概念,并对汽轮机空冷系统周围不同环境风场进行了数值模拟.通过对计算结果的分析,找出了空冷系统的不利风向,给出了热回流率随风速的变化规律,并提出了减少热风回流的措施:适当增加空冷平台上部四周风墙高度,或加快空冷平台边缘风机的转速.     

间接空冷机组空冷塔塔群内空气流动及传热性能研究

由于具有巨大的节水优势,间接空冷机组在我国富煤少水区域得到广泛应用。研究环境风对间接空冷系统的影响机理对指导电厂运行具有重要意义。以某电厂间接空冷机组为基础,构建水平布置散热器的空冷塔群物理和数学模型,通过数值模拟方法分析环境风对塔内空气流场及空冷散热器换热性能的影响。结果表明:环境风对空冷系统塔内空气流场影响较大,进而影响空冷散热器的散热性能。随着风速的增加,空冷塔的换热性能不断恶化。在临界风速时额定负荷下,下游空冷塔换热量比上游空冷塔减少2.5%。     

Structure Optimization of an Air-Cooling System Platform at a Large Power Plant

The efficiency of cooling units located in an upwind area when the wind blew normal to the platform of an air-cooled condenser (ACC) was usually reduced greatly, and the economy and safety of the ACC were influenced seriously. In this study, a numerical simulation method was used to analyze the structure optimization with an apron wall under the platform for the first time, which was in 2 × 600 MW ACC with a head-on wind direction. The results showed that the optimization effect was obvious with a porous apron wall. At the wind speed of 9 m/s, the hot air recirculation in upwind units was well reduced from the maximum temperature, declining from 15°C to 2°C, and the airflow mass and the face velocity increased well. Especially at the higher wind speed, compared with the board apron wall, the porous apron wall was better in controlling hot air recirculation and improving the performance of whole ACC. Results of this research provided directive theory to solve the problem of row efficiency declining and optimization design.     

Numerical investigation of hot air recirculation of air-cooled condensers at a large power plant

In order to minimize the hot air recirculation (HAR) to ensure normal operation of the air-cooled condensers (ACC) system, the hot air recirculation phenomenon and its dependence on ambient winds are numerically simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. Under the constant ambient temperature, the effects of different wind speed and wind direction on the HAR are qualitatively considered by applying the concept of the hot recirculation rate (HRR). The mechanism of occurrence of hot air recirculation are presented and analyzed. It was found that when considering about the existing and normally operating power plants, the HAR is more sensitive to wind direction and wind speed. Based on the above results, two improved measures increasing the wind-wall height and accelerating the rotational speed of the fans near the edge of the ACC platform are developed to effectively reduce the hot air recirculation.     

Wind tunnel simulation of exhaust recirculation in an air-cooling system at a large power plant

The recirculation of hot exhaust air and its dependence on wind direction was investigated as a cause of reduced efficiency in an air-cooled condenser (ACC). A method of simulating exhaust air recirculation at an ACC platform using a wind tunnel is presented, and applied to a proposed ACC addition at an existing power plant. It was found that wind speed and the height of an ACC platform have a significant impact on recirculation. Wind direction was also found to be significant, due to the interference of the buildings adjacent to the ACC platform. The mechanisms that cause recirculation are presented and analyzed, and the characteristics of the recirculating flow are described. It was found that when considering additions to existing power plants, the distance of the new ACC and power plant from the original buildings and structures has only a minor effect on the recirculation of the added ACC platform. Wind tunnel simulation is recommended in the initial design stage of new or renovated power plants with ACC systems to minimize exhaust recirculation.     

A novel approach to the data center hybrid cooling design with containment

Hybrid cooling solutions, which consist of the installation of heat exchangers near IT equipment, aim to eliminate hot spots in data centers containing high-density computer cabinets. In addition, cold aisle containment is often used to reduce hot air recirculation to improve energy efficiency. However, the viability and efficiency of each hybrid cooling strategy with or without containment depend on the IT load and equipment arrangement, and no formal procedure exists for selecting the most efficient strategy for a given application. Therefore, this study provides a computational approach for ranking the performance of different cooling strategies based on their capacity and cooling efficiency. The results of analyses indicate that applying containment is beneficial in (1) lowering the maximum temperature of the air entering the racks as airflow rates are increased, and (2) increasing the uniformity of rack inlet temperatures. However, applying containment also requires additional mechanical work by the computer room air handler (CRAH) fan, which may raise the data center power usage effectiveness (PUE). Application of the computational approach discussed here highlights the use of hybrid cooling to lower PUE by reducing the CRAH fan power.     

椭圆扭曲管内数值模拟及其在热风炉空气预热器的节能应用

热风炉空气预热器是纳米碳酸钙生产过程中重要的节能设备,可以降低排烟温度,提高能源利用率。目前广泛采用的光滑圆管空气预热器体积庞大,换热效率低,造成排烟温度高,不仅污染环境,而且浪费大量的热量。为了解决这一问题,将椭圆扭曲管应用于热风炉空气预热器。结果显示,以椭圆扭曲管为换热元件的椭圆扭曲管空气预热器体积小、耗用钢材少、换热效率高,提高了烟气余热利用效率,降低燃料消耗量。以空气为工质,分别对椭圆扭曲管和圆管进行数值模拟,对比分析其传热性能。结果表明,相对于圆管,空气在椭圆扭曲管内湍动性更强,换热效果更好。通过对实际的工程案例进行分析,将椭圆扭曲管应用于热风炉空气预热器可减少换热面积27.9%,缩小体积37%,具有良好的节能节材效果。     

风冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机性能模拟研究

在环境温度和太阳辐射动态变化的情况下,对制冷量为5 kW的风冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机的性能进行了模拟,得出了集热器出口水温和热水储槽温度随时间变化的规律曲线以及在此规律的影响下吸收式制冷机的性能曲线.模拟结果表明风冷式太阳能吸收式制冷机在理论上是切实可行的,但是环境温度的变化以及风冷系统的散热能力对系统性能有较大的影响,环境温度的升高会使需要风冷降温的冷凝器、吸收器温度升高,从而提高了发生温度的要求,这不利于太阳能的利用和系统的制冷.为此需要强化冷凝器和吸收器的散热效果,来降低境温度对系统的不利影响.