空冷平台外部流场的数值模拟

采用SIMPLE算法和k-ε模型,以我国某600MW直接空冷电厂为例,对其空冷平台外部流场进行了数值模拟.分析了不同风速对直接空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响,阐述了热风回流现象产生的原因.结果表明:随着环境风速的提高,空冷凝汽器的换热效率先升后降,理论上存在换热效率最佳的风速值;热风回流使冷空气吸入量减少,并降低了换热偏差,因而影响了换热效率.     

直接空冷机组空冷岛结构优化研究

采用SIMPLE算法和k-э模型,以我国某600MW直接空冷电厂为例,对其空冷平台外部流场进行数值模拟.分析不同风速时,挡风围墙高度和空冷平台高度对空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响,得出最佳围墙高度范围,对直接空冷电厂的设计和稳定经济运行具有一定的参考价值.     

主导风向对直接空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响

采用SIMPLE算法和k-ε模型,对2台600 MW直接空冷机组的空冷岛外部流场进行了数值模拟,分析了不同主导风向对空冷岛外部流场及空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响,探索了机组换热效率最高及最低时主导风向的范围.结果表明:在同一主导风向下,风速越大,换热效率越低,当风速从3 m/s增大到9 m/s时,换热效率降低了14.3%;在相同风速条件下,当主导风向与空冷平台夹角成135°～150°或者30°～45°时,空冷凝汽器的换热效率最高,当风向角在270°附近时,效率最低,两者效率之差达8.7%.     

冬季自然通风状态下直接空冷凝汽器的性能

直接空冷电厂的安全运行与空冷凝汽器在冬季自然通风条件下的换热性能有着密切的联系.依托实际工程项目,确定了某135MW直接空冷凝汽器(ACC)冬季自然通风下的热压.利用计算传热学(NHT)软件FLUENT,对不同迎面风速下,直接空冷凝汽器双排管换热元件的冬季性能进行了数值模拟、分析和研究.根据空气的作用压力与流经空冷凝汽器时所产生阻力之间的对应关系,确定了冬季自然通风状态下空冷凝汽器性能.它为直接空冷系统的优化设计提供帮助.     

直接空冷机组凝汽器加装下挡风墙的数值模拟

利用CFD软件对某300 MW机组空冷岛的换热进行了数值模拟,分析了不同风速对直接空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响,提出在空冷岛上加装下挡风墙,以减小热风回流对空冷岛换热的影响.计算结果表明:随着环境风速的增加,热风回流量也增大,换热效率随之降低;加设10 m下挡风墙后,空冷平台总的换热效率提高了13%以上.     

环境风工况下直接空冷机组加装进风扩压装置的性能分析

减弱或消除环境风对直接空冷凝汽器性能的影响对于保证其安全和经济运行具有十分重要的意义。以某电厂600MW直接空冷机组为例,设计了一种应用于空冷单元的进风扩压装置,建立了空冷单元和加装进风扩压装置空冷单元几何模型,基于CFD软件进行数值模拟。计算结果表明,所设计的进风扩压装置能有效降低各风机入口的平均温度,提升风机性能,增加了风机进风量。在环境平均风速6m/s的情况下,可使风机进风量增加63kg/s。环境风工况下,加装进风扩压装置使得空冷凝汽器的换热性能得到提升,当环境风速9m/s,机组换热效率提高3%。     

直接空冷凝汽器单元样机流动和传热性能研究

直接空冷凝汽器由一个个直接空冷单元组成.对直接空冷凝汽器单元的研究具有重要的意义.依托实际工程项目,对某135 MW直接空冷凝汽器单元样机进行流动和传热的性能研究.利用计算传热学(NHT)软件Fluent,对空冷单元样机的设计和实验工况进行数值模拟.分析了模拟结果与设计和试验数据存在一定偏差的原因.对直接空冷凝汽器外部空气的速度场、温度场的模拟、分析和研究,为直接空冷系统的优化设计提供帮助.     

多孔介质模型在300MW空冷岛下挡风墙中的应用

以某300MW直接空冷机组为例,利用CFD软件对其空冷岛外部流场进行数值模拟。分析了不同结构形式的下挡风墙对空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响。指出了在风速大于6m/s时,空冷凝汽器换热效率的降低是"倒灌"现象与热风回流综合作用的结果。计算结果表明,在空冷平台四周的外沿下方加装直面下挡风墙后比不加时换热效率提高了12.1%,加装面积比为1:1.73、夹角为90°的多孔折面下挡风墙后,空冷凝汽器的平均换热效率比加直面实心挡风墙提高了2.1%,更加有利于凝汽器的换热。为进一步改进空冷岛的结构提供了理论依据。     

直接空冷凝汽器加装防风网的数值模拟

利用Fluent软件,以国内某600 MW直接空冷机组为例,对迎风侧2个相邻空冷凝汽器进行了数值模拟,得到了不同环境横向风速下空冷凝汽器的传热效率随着风速的增大而降低,而且被环境风冲刷越严重的凝汽器受影响程度越大的结论.针对横向风对空冷凝汽器传热效率的影响,在凝汽器挡风墙下延方向加装了防风网.对加装防风网后的空冷凝汽器进行了数值模拟,分析了防风网的不同结构参数(开孔率、高度)对空冷凝汽器传热效率的影响,结果表明:在加装防风网后凝汽器传热效率显著提高,防风网的结构参数对其防风效果有明显影响,为直接空冷机组的防风网改造提供了理论依据.     

环境风对某600MW直接空冷凝汽器影响的数值分析

以某600MW直接空冷机组为例,利用CFD软件对其建立数值模型,采用Fluent软件对流场进行数值模拟.通过数值模拟,分析了环境风对直接空冷凝汽器换热影响.计算结果指出:当风速小于2m/s时环境风对凝汽器换热基本没有影响,当风速大于7m/s时,凝汽器换热恶化严重;在风速由0m/s上升至13m/s时空冷凝汽器的风机流量偏差率增加了41％;当风速由2m/s上升至7m/s时换热效率降低了14.1％;指出了环境风温变化对凝汽器换热的影响.通过分析获得了环境风速、风温变化对直接空冷凝汽器的影响,为空冷凝汽器进一步优化设计提供了理论依据.     

火电站直接空冷凝汽器积灰监测

火电站直接空冷凝汽器积灰是影响传热性能的重要因素,研究直接空冷凝汽器积灰对传热性能的影响规律并提出监测措施具有重要意义。通过分析汽轮机背压与汽轮机排汽量、冷却空气流量、凝汽器传热系数、凝汽器总传热面积以及环境温度之间的关系,得到了空冷凝汽器在维持汽轮机排汽量和冷却空气量不变时,汽轮机背压和传热系数之间的关系以及凝汽器积灰对汽轮机背压的影响。研究表明:凝汽器积灰会导致凝汽器传热系数降低,汽轮机背压升高,机组运行经济性下降。设计工况下,当蛇形翅片扁平管结构凝汽器积灰厚度达到1.2 mm时,汽轮机背压将增加50%左右。通过监测空冷机组运行过程中汽轮机背压的变化,可预报积灰的程度,为直接空冷凝汽器清洗提供一定的理论依据。     

锅炉侧面来风对空冷机组换热效率的影响

环境风特别是横向环境风会引起热风回流,造成空气凝汽器换热恶化,影响直接空冷机组的安全、经济性运行。以国内某电厂300MW直接空冷系统为例,利用Fluent软件,针对锅炉侧面风给直接空冷机组带来的不利影响,对空冷岛外部流场进行了数值模拟研究。主要分析了锅炉侧面来风的不同风速下空冷平台流场情况,研究了锅炉侧面风在对空冷风机冷空气吸入量和空冷凝汽器换热性能的影响。     

Operation optimization of cold-end system of direct air-cooled units considering the effect of environmental wind

An air-cooled island can significantly alter the heat transfer performance of an air-cooled condenser due to the reflow of hot air caused by environmental wind. This can result in a considerable deviation between the backpressure calculated by traditional air-cooled condenser models and the actual value. To address the issue, a research study was conducted on a 600-MW direct air-cooled unit. Numerical simulation methods were used to obtain the corresponding air flow rates and fan inlet air temperatures for each air-cooled heat exchanger, which were then combined to establish a backpressure calculation model. From the above model, the backpressure prediction model and unit net output of full conditions were established using a backpropagation neural network. Therefore, taking the net output as the optimization objective, a genetic algorithm was used to compute the optimal backpressure and optimal fan speed in off-design situations. Compared with traditional calculation approaches, the model produces backpressure predictions that were closer to the actual situation under the effect of ambient wind. The results indicate that both the optimal backpressure and fan speed were positively correlated with the exhaust flow and ambient temperature. It has been observed that when a unit was affected by different wind directions, the effect of the forwarding wind on the backpressure was smaller than that of other wind directions, especially under high-load conditions. Moreover, the fan group operates close to full capacity under high-temperature and high-load conditions. Therefore, considering the influence of ambient wind, the obtained optimal backpressure and fan speed under variable working conditions were more realistic.     

基于互连思想的直接空冷机组运行优化技术研究

将不同机组间的空冷凝汽器单元或者不同机组空冷凝汽器进行互连,充分利用停运或低负荷机组的空冷散热面积,提高运行机组的散热面积和散热能力。通过对直接空冷单元互连和直接空冷凝汽器互连两种设计方案的分析表明,运行机组的运行背压获得较大幅度的下降,同时显著提高了运行机组在夏季高温条件下的带负荷能力和节能运行水平。随着环境温度或机组运行负荷的降低,通过互连改造后运行机组背压降低的幅度逐渐减小。     

600MW直接空冷机组主要技术经济指标分析

以内蒙古某发电有限公司600MW等级直接空冷机组为例,对供电煤耗率、厂用电率、汽轮机热耗、真空度、节水量等5个方面的指标进行分析,初步指出影响以上技术经济指标的因素,并结合直接空冷系统的特点提出初步的防治措施,以提高直接空冷机组运行经济性。     

300MW直接空冷凝汽器换热偏差与冬季防冻的研究

空冷机组在冬季运行的过程中,空冷凝汽器存在换热偏差,影响整个机组运行的安全性和经济性.以山西平朔煤矸石发电有限责任公司4#机300MW机组冬季运行为例,对其空冷换热器的管束壁温进行测量,得到偏差管存在的位置,分析原因并提出防护措施.     

Space characteristics of the thermal performance for air-cooled condensers at ambient winds

Ambient winds may lead to poor fan performance, exhaust air recirculation and mal-distribution of the air across the tube bundles of the air-cooled condensers in a power plant. Investigations of the impacts of the ambient winds on the air-cooled condensers are key area of focus. Based on a representative 2 × 600 MW direct dry cooling power plant, the physical and mathematical models of the air-side fluid and heat flow in the air-cooled condensers at various ambient wind speeds and directions are set up by introducing the radiator model to the fin-tube bundles. The volumetric flow rate, inlet air temperature and heat rejection for different air-cooled condensers as a whole, condenser cells and fin-tube bundles are obtained by using CFD simulation. The results show that the thermo-flow performances for the air-cooled condenser as a whole, condenser cells and heat exchanger bundles vary widely in space. The thermal performances of the air-cooled condensers, condenser cells and fin-tube bundles at the downstream are generally superior to those at the upwind. It is of use for the upwind fan regulations and the A-frame condenser cell geometric optimization to investigate the space characteristics of the thermal performance for the air-cooled condensers in a power plant.     

Influence of Swirlers on Flow and Heat-transfer in Direct Air-cooled Condenser Unit

To improve the heat exchange of air-cooled condenser unit (ACCU), the numerical simulations of ACCU with a new swirling device (named swirler) installed at outlet of the fan (improved air-cooled condenser unit, named IACCU) is executed, under various vane angles of different swirlers compared to the same conventional air-cooled condenser unit (CACCU) without swirler. The swirl intensity theory is presented, and the flow fields and temperature distributions of the IACCUs are obtained and compared with that of the CACCU. The simulated results show that the heat transfer characteristic and the flow field characteristic of the IACCU are both better than that of the CACCU. The vane angle of the swirler is optimized for the IACCUs with four different kinds of swirlers, and the most effective one of these devices is found out.     

大型空冷汽轮机通流设计

采用CFD技术对某大型空冷汽轮机通流进行全三维变工况设计,掌握了空冷机组通流的三维流动特点,采用了包含汽封的叶片整体优化全三维设计,新型反动式大焓降叶片等新技术。并设计了专用于空冷机组的末级长叶片及相应低压排汽装置,有效保证了空冷机组安全高效运行。