肾炎康复片联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的疗效分析

目的探讨肾炎康复片联合贝那普利用于慢性肾小球肾炎临床治疗的效果。方法选择我院收治的慢性肾小球肾炎患者80例,随机分成研究组与对照组,每组各40例,对照组采用贝那普利治疗,研究组则在对照组的基础上加用肾炎康复片进行治疗,比较分析两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果治疗6个月后,研究组与对照组的24 h尿蛋白定量、收缩压、舒张压、血肌酐等指标均与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但治疗后研究组与对照组24 h尿蛋白定量比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),收缩压、舒张压、血肌酐比较无明显差异(P>0.05);研究组的治疗总有效率为92.5%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肾炎康复片联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的应用价值比较高,可以明显降低蛋白尿等指标,值得推广。     

肾炎康复片联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床观察

目的:观察肾炎康复片联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的疗效。方法:将160例肾功能正常的慢性肾小球肾炎患者分为贝那普利组(ACEI组)和肾炎康复片联合贝那普利组(联合组),分别检测2组治疗前后24h尿蛋白定量、血压、血肌酐等。结果:治疗4个月后,联合组临床疗效总有效率87.5%显著高于贝那普利组56.25%(P<0.05),联合组的24h尿蛋白低于ACEI组(P<0.05),2组血压、血肌酐差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肾炎康复片联合贝那普利比单用贝那普利能更有效地降低慢性肾小球肾炎患者蛋白尿,短期使用无毒副作用。     

降浊清热饮联合来氟米特对肾小球肾炎患者的临床效果及药理分析

目的 分析降浊清热饮联合来氟米特对肾小球肾炎患者的临床效果及其药理学机制。方法 60例肾小球肾炎患者,根据治疗方案的差异分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者应用来氟米特治疗,试验组在对照组基础上联合降浊清热饮内服方案治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的中医证候评分、24 h尿蛋白定量以及临床疗效。结果 治疗前,试验组中医证候评分为(17.45±2.36)分,24 h尿蛋白定量为(1.12±0.33)g/24 h;对照组中医证候评分为(17.44±2.28)分, 24 h尿蛋白定量为(1.13±0.35)g/24 h。治疗后,试验组中医证候评分为(6.44±2.06)分, 24 h尿蛋白定量为(0.38±0.15)g/24 h;对照组中医证候评分为(11.53±3.16)分, 24 h尿蛋白定量为(0.67±0.21)g/24 h。治疗前,两组患者中医证候评分、24 h尿蛋白定量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,试验组患者中医证候评分、24 h尿蛋白定量低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组治疗总有效率90.00%高于对照组的66.67%,差异...     

来氟米特联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨临床治疗过程中采用来氟米特联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的具体疗效情况,为后期肾小球治疗工作提供参考性意见。方法选取我院2009年3月—2011年3月收治慢性肾小球肾炎患者132例,将患者随机分为治疗组（66例）和对照组（66例）,两组均口服贝那普利进行治疗,治疗组患者在此基础上采用来氟米特联合治疗,对两组患者的总体治疗效果情况进行分析。结果治疗组总有效率为87．9％,高于对照组的75．7％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用来氟米特联合贝那普利能够起到降低尿蛋白含量的效果,其疗效以及安全性是值得肯定的。     

复方肾炎片联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的研究

目的评价慢性肾小球肾炎采用复方肾炎片联合贝那普利治疗的临床效果。方法选择2007年2月~2011年5月我院收治的慢性肾小球肾炎患者200例,入选患者肾功能均正常,根据治疗方法不同分为两组,每组各100例,ACEI组采用贝那普利治疗,联合组采用复方肾炎片联合贝那普利治疗,观察两组患者治疗前后24h尿蛋白定量、血压、血肌酐变化情况。结果 ACEI组总有效率为70%,联合组总有效率为90%,两组临床疗效比较差异具有显著性,P<0.05;两组治疗后24h尿蛋白定量、血压等指标与治疗前比较差异具有显著性,P<0.05;联合组治疗过程中出现恶心、腹胀1例,干咳1例,ACEI组出现干咳2例,两组比较无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论慢性肾小球肾炎患者采用复方肾炎片联合贝那普利比治疗效果显著、能够有效地降低慢性肾炎患者蛋白尿患者满意度高,可在临床推广。     

贝那普利联合黄葵对慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗效果及安全性评价

目的:评价探究贝那普利联合黄葵对慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗效果及安全性。方法:选择92例来某院接受治疗的慢性肾小球肾炎患者进行研究观察,按照抛硬币的分组方式均匀分成两组,即为对照组(贝那普利治疗)和观察组(贝那普利联合黄葵)各46例,对比两组患者的疗效、肾功能指标变化。结果:观察组患者的尿蛋白定量、尿素氮以及血清肌酐水平均显著低于对照组,组间对比差异明显;观察组患者药物治疗后的疗效显著高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:临床治疗慢性肾小球肾炎选用黄葵联合贝那普利的药物价值高,对患者肾功能的改善效果明显,具有积极的临床应用价值。     

来氟米特联合糖皮质激素治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效观察

目的观察来氟米特联合糖皮质激素治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的效果。方法选取2013年9月-2015年9月医院接收肾小球肾炎患者78例,随机分为对照组和试验组各39例,对照组接受传统治疗,试验组接受来氟米特联合糖皮质激素治疗,对治疗效果及过程中不良反应发生情况作出统计。结果 2组患者经过临床治疗后,临床症状均得到显著缓解,且治疗过程中,2组患者出现的不良反应差异不大,但对照组患者肌酐、尿素、尿蛋白等指标恢复情况不及试验组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将来氟米特联合糖皮质激素应用于慢性肾小球肾炎患者的临床治疗中,可以有效患者患者症状,且用药安全性较高。     

复方肾炎片联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的研究

目的观察复方肾炎片联合贝那普利治疗慢性肾炎蛋白尿的疗效。方法将58例肾功能正常的慢性肾炎患者分为贝那普利（ACEI组）和复方肾炎片联合贝那普利组（联合组）,分别检测两组治疗前后24h尿蛋白定量、血压、血肌酐。结果治疗4个月后,联合组临床疗效总有效率（82.76%）显著高于贝那普利组（68.97%）（P〈0.05）,联合组的24h尿蛋白低于ACEI组（P〈0.05）,血压、血肌酐两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论复方肾炎片联合贝那普利比单用贝那普利能更有效地降低慢性肾炎患者蛋白尿,且安全可靠。     

来氟米特治疗伴有中等量蛋白尿慢性肾炎的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨来氟米特治疗伴有中等量蛋白尿的慢性肾炎的疗效。方法选取本院2012年5月-2013年5月收治的50例合并有中等量蛋白尿的慢性肾炎患者。随机分成对照组和试验组,每组25例。对照组实施常规治疗,试验组在常规治疗的基础上增加来氟米特,对两组患者治疗前后的24h 尿蛋白以及血浆清蛋白含量进行观察和比较。结果两组患者在治疗前24h 尿蛋白以及血浆清蛋白比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）;治疗后两组患者24h尿蛋白均下降,血浆清蛋白均上升,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;试验组患者的24h 尿蛋白下降程度以及血浆清蛋白上升程度均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）。两组患者均没有出现严重不良反应,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论使用来氟米特对伴有中等量蛋白尿的慢性肾炎患者进行治疗,效果显著,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

来氟米特治疗IgA肾病的对照研究

目的观察应用来氟米特治疗IgA肾病（IgAN）的疗效和安全性。方法采用开放、随机、对照试验。将肾活检病理证实的82例IgAN患者随机分为两组,对照组40例,接受贝那普利联合缬沙坦治疗;治疗组42例,在上述治疗的基础上加用来氟米特治疗,观察治疗后1、3、6月的24h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血清肌酐、肾小球滤过率及用药期间的所有不良反应,并进行评价。结果治疗组24h尿蛋白定量明显减少（P〈0．01）,血清白蛋白显著升高（P〈0．05）;治疗组的血清肌酐值较对照组减小,差异显著（P〈0．05）,完全缓解率为61．9％,总有效率为90．5％,与对照组比较疗效差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组的不良反应发生率较低,患者依从性较高。结论来氟米特可以作为治疗IgAN的选择之一,且安全、有效。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.