国产覆膜支架治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型夹层动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的总结评价国产覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术适应证、临床疗效。方法对38例DebaKeyⅢ胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,术后对所有患者行CT随访,评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果37例患者全麻下均成功进行了覆膜支架血管腔内隔绝术,共使用40个血管支架,术中造影显示夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少。3例术中出现明显的内漏,再置入1枚短支架后内漏消失;1例因置入支架后血压下降,急诊行开胸手术人工血管置换术,15d痊愈出院。其余患者未出现与夹层及手术有关的并发症。术后3～24个月随访,所有患者复查螺旋CT或64排CT,假腔内血栓形成,真腔增大,未发现内漏、瘤体扩大及支架移位。结论应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤创伤小、安全有效、成功率高、术后恢复较好,尤为适用于老年高危患者及亚急性或慢性期的患者。     

腔内隔绝术治疗112例Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者疗效观察

目的评价主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的院内及长期临床疗效。方法选择行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者112例。经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后冠状动脉造影检查证实疗效,术后随访平均(39±18)个月。分析其临床特点及疗效。结果手术成功112例,共置入覆膜支架119枚。左锁骨下动脉完全被封闭8例,合并严重狭窄病变的冠心病患者完成PCI 16例,主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征19例,术后1个月内夹层破裂死亡3例。随访3个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。术后明显残余内漏10例,3个月自行封闭。术后6个月,再发升主动脉夹层3例,其中行升主动脉外科手术1例,截瘫1例,胃癌多器官转移死亡1例。术后1年迟发性内漏1例。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的院内及长期疗效满意。     

带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层

目的探讨带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层的指征、方法及疗效.方法 5例Stanford B型亚急性期主动脉夹层患者,在局麻、数字减影血管造影术(DSA)监控下,切开股动脉,将带膜支架置入胸主动脉内膜破口处,封闭破口,置入后重复造影.结果患者原发主动脉夹层破口完全封闭,真腔血流恢复正常,术后1月及6月用多普勒超声和CT血管造影(CTA)复查显示无内漏及移位等并发症,假腔血栓形成.结论 Stanford B型主动脉夹层适合带膜支架介入治疗,具有技术可靠,安全性高,术后恢复快等优点,临床应用前景良好.     

胸主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakey Ⅲb型夹层动脉瘤的效果

目的:观察胸主动脉腔内修复(EVR)治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法:15例DeBakeyⅢb型胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术。术后对所有患者行CT随访,评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果:15例患者全麻下均成功进行了覆膜支架胸主动脉腔内隔绝术,术中造影显示夹层动脉瘤裂口完全封闭或内漏明显较少。术后1～22个月随访,术后30d内死亡1例,1例术后出现左下肢体运动障碍,余13例无明显术后并发症。结论:胸主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakey Ⅲb型夹层动脉瘤并发症少,术后恢复较好。     

用腔内隔绝术治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤46例

目的评价用主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的近、中期临床疗效。方法2002年5月至2006年9月,行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗B型主动脉夹层46例。其中男36例,女10例;年龄62±18岁。46例均经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效,术后随访1~52个月,平均17±16个月,分析其临床特点及疗效。结果住院期间及随访30d内无患者死亡;发生主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征11例;2例患者左锁骨下动脉被封闭;5例发生内漏,术后3个月时其中4例内漏自行封闭。随访3个月时,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。术后半年1例发生截瘫,原因不明。术后1年1例出现迟发性内漏;1例升主动脉发现夹层,未行外科手术。随访期间3例死亡,4年生存率89.3%。结论用主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的近、中期疗效满意。     

覆膜支架治疗胸降主动脉夹层

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗胸降主动脉夹层的方法和疗效。方法对11例胸降主动脉夹层患者行覆膜支架治疗。术前强化CT检查明确诊断，根据病变血管近侧正常血管直径加上其直径的15％～20％选择支架型号。术中先行主动脉造影，确定内膜破口位置，分辨真假腔，选择恰当的手术入路及合适的支架。腹股沟处切开，游离出股动脉并切开，插入支架输送器，降血压，于破口位置缓慢释放覆膜支架，封闭主动脉内膜破口。重新造影，观察支架的位置，检查是否有内漏。结果11例均成功植入支架，患者疼痛症状消失，升主动脉造影示真腔扩大，9例假腔血流消失，2例有内漏。所有病例随访3～30个月，无死亡。术后1、3、6个月和满1年分别行强化CT检查。2例内漏患者中，1例3个月后自行封闭，1例因破口大，靠近左锁骨下动脉口，术后3个月仍有内漏。2例肾动脉受影响者血流明显改善。5例胸膜后血肿患者术后3个月完全吸收。无截瘫、左上肢缺血等并发症。结论覆膜支架治疗胸降主动脉夹层创伤小，操作简单，手术死亡率低，并发症少，近期效果良好。     

带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层

目的探讨带膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层的指征、方法及疗效。方法5例Stan-ford B型亚急性期主动脉夹层患者,在局麻、数字减影血管造影术(DSA)监控下,切开股动脉,将带膜支架置入胸主动脉内膜破口处,封闭破口,置入后重复造影。结果患者原发主动脉夹层破口完全封闭,真腔血流恢复正常,术后1月及6月用多普勒超声和CT血管造影(CTA)复查显示无内漏及移位等并发症,假腔血栓形成。结论Stanford B型主动脉夹层适合带膜支架介入治疗,具有技术可靠,安全性高,术后恢复快等优点,临床应用前景良好。     

StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗的经验探讨

目的探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术在治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层（aorticdissection，AD）的价值。方法回顾性分析我院2005—2008年行腔内隔绝术的17例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的资料。结果所有患者均完成带膜支架置入，术后1个月CTA随访14例假腔完全血栓化，夹层破裂死亡1例，出现新发破口2例，内漏1例。结论带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层是一种安全有效的方法，但术前破口定位。术中真腔确认及支架定位是手术成功的关键。     

不同类型胸主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术疗效观察

目的进一步探讨腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层的适应症选择和疗效.方法2002年8月至2004年11月我院住院的4例(年龄48～82岁;男3例,女1例)胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术,并进行临床分析和随访,评价其临床效果.结果在全麻下4例均成功在胸主动脉夹层的血管腔内释放覆膜支架,其中为Standford A型及StandfordB型各2例,共使用Talent覆膜血管支架4个,术中造影证实Standford B型夹层裂口完全封闭,无术中严重并发症及死亡发生,Standford A型1例术后证实内漏存在,术后3天死亡,1例在支架释放后出现左冠脉急性闭塞致死亡.结论应用覆膜血管内支架行腔内隔绝术(EVGE)是治疗Standford B型胸主动脉夹层安全有效的方法.Standford A型夹层行EVGE术仍有待进一步对技术及器械进行改良.     

覆膜支架治疗37例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的疗效分析

目的:分析覆膜支架腔内修复治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的临床疗效。方法:对2015年1月至2016年12月收治的37例因Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层行覆膜支架腔内修复术患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析,其中男性29例,女性8例。术前诊断依据临床表现及CT血管造影(CTA),术中造影再次评估病变部位及解剖位置,切开股动脉,行覆膜内支架置入,封堵原发破口,手术成功后再次造影检查。结果:37例患者共置入支架37枚,全部获得成功。术中造影见少量内漏4例,3例经支架近端球囊扩张后内漏消失,1例无需特殊处理。患者临床症状均明显改善,降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔明显扩大。结论:采用覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层安全、创伤小、恢复快,临床效果显著。     

Diagnosis and treatment of concomitant aortic and coronary disease: a retrospective study and brief review.

Coronary arteriosclerosis seriously complicates the surgical treatment of aortic diseases. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the incidence of coronary artery disease among our surgical patients in treatment for aortic dissection or aneurysm, and to determine whether coronary intervention before aortic surgery appears to affect outcomes. Between 1 January 1993 and 1 March 1998, our center treated 253 patients for aortic dissection or aneurysm. We examined these cases retrospectively for information on diagnostic and treatment methods, both for the aortic lesions and for concomitant coronary arteriosclerosis. Aortic dissection had been detected in 86 (33.9%) patients and aortic aneurysm in 167 (66.1%). Coronary angiography was performed to search for concomitant coronary artery disease in 29 (33.8%) patients with dissection and in 112 (67.1%) patients with aneurysm; of these, 11 (12. 7%) and 54 (32.3%), respectively, were found to have coronary disease. Among 43 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm in whom coronary angiography was performed, concomitant coronary disease was detected in 36 (83.7%). Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in 10 patients who had dissection and in 30 patients who had aneurysm; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in 7 patients who had aneurysm. Perioperative mortality rates in the dissection and aneurysm groups, overall, were 23.2% and 13.8%, respectively Unfortunately, the prospective, random clinical study that would be necessary to prove the case for or against preoperative coronary angiography among subsets of patients in need of aortic repair would raise ethical questions, given the strength of the information already in our possession, gathered by less formal methods. Our study reinforces existing evidence that preoperative angiography can reduce mortality and morbidity in the elective repair of aortic aneurysm, especially thoracic or abdominal aneurysm. However, angiography should not be performed routinely in cases of aortic dissection and should be withheld in cases of type A dissection.     

Obstructive jaundice by a dissecting aneurysm of celiac axis and hepatic artery

Summary We report a case of dissecting aneurysm of the celiac axis and hepatic artery resulting in obstructive jaundice. The aneurysm was demonstrated both by ultrasound and by angiography, but the associated aortic dissection was apparent only on CT scan. The patient was treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, surgical exclusion of the aneurysm by ligation, and progressive dearterialization of the hepatic artery.     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤23例疗效观察

目的：探讨腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析23例经腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤患者的一般临床资料、手术情况、手术结果和术后随访情况。结果23例患者均手术成功,术后造影见主动脉瘤体（或夹层假腔）消失,支架无移位,无发生截瘫;1例术后18h突发脑血管意外抢救无效死亡,总治愈率为95．7％（22／23）。术后并发症主要为内漏,其中Ⅰ型内漏3例,Ⅱ型内漏2例,发生率为21．7％（5／23）,急性肾功能不全4例（17．4％）;脑卒中1例,发生率为4．3％（1／23）。随访4个月-60个月,2例失访。随访期间死亡2例,死亡原因1例为恶性肿瘤转移,另1例为复发性降主动脉夹层破裂大出血：随访期经复查,5例早期并发内漏者内漏消失,假腔血栓形成。结论腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤安全而且有效。     

Evaluation of aortic aneurysms and dissection of aorta by intravenous digital subtraction angiography

Intravenous (IV) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 12 patients with suspected aortic aneurysm/dissection. Bolus injection of 30-40 ml of contrast in mid right atrium/main pulmonary artery at a flow rate of 18-20 ml/sec. during DSA accurately localised the site and extent in all 7 patients of aortic aneurysm and in 4 patients of aortic dissection. In one patient, radiological opacity was unrelated to aorta. There were no complications. IV-DSA should be the preferred mode of evaluation for aortic aneurysm and dissection of aorta.     

Aortic dissection after open repair of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm

INTRODUCTION:

A case of thoracic-abdominal dissection after open surgical exclusion of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm is presented.

CASE PRESENTATION:

A 62-year-old woman was diagnosed with an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with a rapid increase in maximal diameter. She underwent surgery for aneurysm exclusion by an end-to-end aortoaortic bypass with Dacron collagen (Intervascular; WL Gore & Associates Inc, USA). After 15 days, she was admitted to the emergency department with intense epigastric and lumbar pain. Computed tomography angiography with contrast revealed an aortic dissection with origin in the proximal bypass anastomosis and cranial extension to the thoracic aorta. The true lumen at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra was practically collapsed by the false lumen. The celiac trunk, and the mesenteric and renal arteries were perfused by the true lumen. After the acute phase of the aortic dissection, surgical repair was planned. Two paths of false lumen were found – one at the thoracic aorta and the second in the proximal bypass anastomosis. Surgical repair comprised two approaches. First, a Valiant Thoracic stent graft (Medtronic Inc, UK) was implanted distal from the left subclavian artery, expanding the collapsed true lumen and covering the false and dissected lumen. Second, an infrarenal Endurant abdominal stent graft (Medtronic Inc) was implanted. This second device was complemented with an aortic infrarenal extension using a Talent abdominal stent graft (Medtronic Inc) in the infrarenal aortic neck to achieve a hermetic seal. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful, and her symptoms were completely resolved in six months.

CONCLUSION:

Arteritis must be taken into account in young patients with high inflammatory markers. Covered stents and endoprosthetic devices seem to be effective methods to seal the dissected lumen.     

D-二聚体在不同类型和病期主动脉夹层患者中的检测结果分析

目的:测定不同类型和病期的主动脉夹层患者血浆D-二聚体水平,探讨D-二聚体对主动脉夹层诊断和评估的价值。方法:共收入近3年来经治的49例主动脉夹层患者,根据影像特征分为4组,分别测定其急性期和慢性期的D-二聚体水平;同时测定通过介入技术行主动脉腔内隔绝治疗术后1d和7d的D-二聚体水平。以急性心肌梗死、动脉瘤及非器质性心肺疾病胸痛患者作为对照。分析D-二聚体在不同类型患者中的临床意义。结果:急性主动脉夹层形成后D-二聚体水平显著升高,D-二聚体检测在夹层不同病期和不同类别中存在显著差异,腔内隔绝术也会显著升高D-二聚体水平。结论:D-二聚体的水平有助于对不同类型、不同病期和介入治疗的主动脉夹层患者进行合理诊断和评估。     

主动脉支架植入术治疗胸主动脉疾病的效果

目的:探讨胸主动脉疾病支架植入术治疗的适应证和疗效。方法: 对79例胸主动脉疾病行主动脉支架植入的疗效进行回顾性分析。79例患者中,Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤18例,Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤49例;主动脉瘤5例;外伤性胸主动脉破裂7例。术前采用CT血管造影(CTA)或磁共振血管造影(MRA)对主动脉进行评估。18例Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者行术中支架置入,其余61例患者在数字减影血管造影(DSA)下经股动脉或髂动脉行支架腔内隔绝术。结果: 内漏8例（10%）,4例于术后3月内自行闭合,1例再次腔内隔绝治疗,3例未进一步治疗;死亡8例（10%）均在术后1月内,其中3例死于神经系统并发症, 4例死于严重的合并症,1例死于主动脉瘤破裂。随访生存3年以上7例（9%）,2年以上14例（18%）,1年以上26例（33%）,1年以内24例(30%)。结论: 主动脉支架植入术可减少手术风险,降低病死率,广泛适用于各种胸主动脉疾病。     

Phase-contrast cine MR angiography detection of thoracic aortic dissection

Purpose: To assess prospectively the accuracy of phase-contrast cine MR angiography in the detection of thoracic aortic dissection with operative correlation. Materials and methods: One hundred and ninety-seven symptomatic patients suspected of having thoracic aortic dissection or aneurysm as well as 13 patients suspected of having thoracic aortic coarctation and 20 asymptomatic normals (as controls) were examined prospectively with phase-contrast cine MR angiography on a 1.5-T MR imager. Seventy-eight of these patients had operative correlation, and only these 78 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Results: There were 51 true positive and 27 true negative findings of thoracic aortic dissection in this study for an accuracy of 100%. Conclusion: Phase-contrast cine MR angiography is an accurate non-invasive imaging technique for evaluating patients suspected of having thoracic aortic dissection.     

Labetalol and MRI as initial medical and diagnostic modalities in a marfanoid patient with expanding ascending aortic aneurysm

Marfan syndrome is a hereditable disorder of connective tissue that causes several distinct cardiovascular abnormalities, including aortic regurgitation, dissection, and aneurysm. These cardiac manifestations can be identified with echocardiography, computer tomography, and angiography. Standard treatment of an acute hypertensive crisis in Marfan syndrome uses propranolol and sodium nitroprusside. This patient with Marfan syndrome whose case is reported herein presented with chest pain, hypertensive crisis, and aortic insufficiency; labetalol was used successfully to treat the acute hypertensive crisis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to differentiate between aortic dissection and an expanding aortic aneurysm. This report is unique in that labetalol was used to control the hypertensive crisis in Marfan syndrome and MRI was used as the initial diagnostic modality in an emergency setting.