核质双向转运受体Importin13 在翼状胬肉中的表达及意义

目的:探讨核质双向转运蛋白Importin13(IPO13)在翼状胬肉中的表达及意义。方法:收集2015年1月至2015年6月在中南大学湘雅医院眼科门诊确诊为"翼状胬肉"并行手术切除患者标本5例作为翼状胬肉组,收集人正常球结膜组织5例作为人正常结膜组织组,采用免疫组织化学方法检测两组结膜上皮和翼状胬肉组织IPO13、核转录因子p63、ABCG2、CD133的表达。结果:IPO13及p63表达定位于结膜上皮和翼状胬肉组织上皮基底细胞核内,ABCG2表达定位于结膜上皮和翼状胬肉上皮基底细胞层细胞浆及细胞膜,CD133表达定位于结膜上皮和翼状胬肉上皮基底细胞层细胞膜。IPO13、p63、ABCG2及CD133在人正常结膜组织中均呈低表达(光密度OD值IPO13:0.43±0.30;p63:139.09±40.15;ABCG2:63.63±22.56;CD133:70.31±33.41);在翼状胬肉中表达均明显增高(OD值IPO13:155.1±21.80;p63:617.35±87.43;ABCG2:214.03±34;CD133:201.05±46.38)。两组之间差异显著(IPO13:t'=15.87,P0.005;p63:t'=11.92,P0.005;ABCG2:t=8.15,P0.005;CD133:t=5.08,P0.005)。结论:IPO13、p63、ABCG2及CD133在翼状胬肉中高表达提示其可能在翼状胬肉异常增殖性病变中起着正向调控作用。     

NGF及其受体TrkA、p75在翼状胬肉组织中的表达

目的 研究翼状胬肉组织中的NGF及其受体TrkA、p75蛋白表达,探讨其与翼状胬肉形成的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学检测30例翼状胬肉组织以及5例正常结膜组织中NGF、TrkA和p75蛋白的表达。结果NGF、TrkA和p75蛋白在翼状胬肉组织的上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞中呈阳性表达;NGF、TrkA蛋白在正常结膜组织上皮细胞和成纤维细胞中呈弱阳性表达;p75蛋白仅在正常结膜组织上皮细胞中呈弱阳性表达。结论NGF、TrkA、p75可能共同参与翼状胬肉的发生、发展过程。     

COX-2 与mPGES-1 在肾透明细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和膜结合型前列腺素E2合成酶1(mPGES-1)在肾透明细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化SP法分别检测49例肾透明细胞癌组织标本和21例正常肾组织标本中COX-2和mPGES-1的表达。结果:COX-2在正常肾组织中的阳性表达率为4.8%,在肾透明细胞癌组织中的阳性表达率为53.1%(P<0.05);mPGES-1在正常肾组织中的阳性表达率为4.8%,在肾透明细胞癌组织中的阳性表达率为40.8%(P<0.05);COX-2和mPGES-1的高表达均与肾透明细胞癌的病理分级和临床分期无相关性(P>0.05);COX-2和mPGES-1在肾透明细胞癌中的表达呈正相关(P<0.05),r=0.5。结论:COX-2和mPGES-1在肾透明细胞癌发生及发展过程中共同发挥重要作用;COX-2和mPGES-1可能成为肾透明细胞癌新的治疗靶点。     

胃癌组织中COX-2和nm23的表达及意义

目的:探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和nm23蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及意义.方法:应用免疫组化方法检测了52胃癌组织及20正常胃黏膜中COX-2和nm23的表达,并在显微镜下计数阳性细胞数,统计比较胃癌组织和正常组织中COX-2和nm23的阳性表达率.结果:COX-2蛋白在胃癌组织和正常胃黏膜组织中阳性表达率分别为67.3%和5.0%,胃癌组织中COX-2蛋白阳性率显著高于正常胃黏膜(P＜0.01).nm23蛋白在胃癌组织和正常胃黏膜组织中阳性表达率分别为30.7%和75.0%,胃癌组织中nm23蛋白阳性率显著低于正常胃黏膜(P＜0.01).COX-2的异常表达与肿瘤细胞分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期显著相关(P＜0.05).nm23阳性表达率与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期显著相关(P＜0.05),而与肿瘤细胞分化程度无显著性相关(P＞0.05).结论:COX-2与nm23表达与胃癌的临床病理特征密切相关.COX-2与nm23可作为反映胃癌侵袭转移、判断预后的生物学指标.     

COX-2在CIN及宫颈癌组织中表达的意义

目的:探讨前列腺素酶COX-2在宫颈癌及癌前组织中的表达及意义.方法:采用免疫组化SP法、半定量RT-PCR法及Western-blot法检测COX-2在35例宫颈上皮肉瘤样病变(CIN)、40例宫颈癌和5例正常宫颈组织中的表达情况.结果:①经免疫组化检测,COX-2蛋白在正常宫颈组织中不表达,在CIN宫颈组织阳性表达率分别为31.4%,在宫颈癌组织中阳性表达率分别为85.0%.三者之间差异具有显著性(P<0.05).②经RT-PCR检测,正常宫颈组织中无COX-2 mRNA表达,CIN宫颈组织中COX-2mRNA相对含量为0.291±0.214,宫颈癌组织中相对含量为0.357±0.173,三者之间差异具有显著性(P<0.05).③经Western-blot检测.COX-2蛋白在宫颈癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期中相对含量分别为40.27±13.67,56.98±21.13和84.21±22.74,三者之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:COX-2蛋白不表达于正常宫颈组织中.COX-2可能参与了宫颈癌早期的发生发展.宫颈组织中COX-2的表达可作为宫颈癌早期诊断及估计宫颈癌患者预后的一个指标.     

Bcl-2 和COX-2 在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：观察Bcl-2 和COX-2 在正常宫颈和宫颈鳞癌中的表达情况,并探讨其与宫颈鳞癌发生发展的关系。方法：应用免疫组 织化学S-P法检测40 例宫颈鳞癌组织、10 例正常宫颈组织中Bcl-2 和COX-2 的表达情况。结果：(1)Bcl-2 在正常宫颈组织和宫颈 鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为30.0%、72.5 %(P<0.05),而COX-2在正常宫颈组织和宫颈鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为0.0 %、 60.0 %(P<0.05)。(2)在宫颈鳞癌中,Bcl-2 的表达与宫颈鳞癌的病理分级、临床分期以及淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05),而COX-2 的表达 与宫颈鳞癌的病理分级及淋巴转移有关(P<0.05),与临床分期无关(P>0.05)。(3)Spearman 等级相关性分析显示宫颈鳞癌组织中 Bcl-2 和COX-2的表达呈正相关(r=0.517,P<0.01)。结论：Bcl-2 和COX-2 在宫颈鳞癌中的表达升高并呈显著正相关,且COX-2的 表达与宫颈鳞癌的淋巴转移有关,二者在宫颈癌的发生发展中可能起重要作用,有可能作为评估宫颈鳞癌淋巴结转移的参考指 标。     

COX-2和Survivin在B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

目的:探讨COX-2和Survivin在B细胞非霍奇全淋巴瘤(B-NHL)中的表达及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测43例B-NHL和10例良性淋巴结病变组织中COX-2和Survivin的表达.结果:COX-2和Survivin在B-NHL中的阳性表达率分别为55.8%(24/43)和69.8%(30/43),与对照组相比差异具有显著性(P＜0.05.Ⅲ/Ⅳ期B-NHL患者COX-2蛋白的表述要高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者(P＜0.05).Survivin的表达与B-NHL的组织病理学等级和国际预后指数(IPL)具有相关性(P＜0.05).Spearman相关分析表明COX-2的表达与Survivin的表达呈正相关(r=1.000,P=0.030).结论:COX-2和Survivin在B-NHL中表达上调以及两者之间的阳性表达密切相关,表明COX-2和Survivin在B-NHL的发生和发展中具有协同作用.     

Ⅲ°压疮皮肤组织iNOS、P53和细胞凋亡的变化

目的：观察Ⅲ°压疮创面组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）与P53蛋白的表达以及细胞凋亡的情况,探讨Ⅲ°压疮慢性病程形成的原因。方法：在患者知情同意的情况下取9例患有Ⅲ°压疮病人的压疮溃疡组织,按压疮溃疡中心基底部组织、溃疡边缘组织进行分组,同时取4例手术遗弃的正常皮肤组织。采用免疫组织化学染色（SP法）,观察各组标本iNOS、P53的表达情况,采用末端标记技术（TUNEL）检测标本中的凋亡细胞。采用Image-prol-plus6.0计算机图像分析软件以积分光密度值（IOD）半定量检测iNOS、P53的表达强弱及凋亡细胞数目的多少。结果：压疮溃疡组织中心和边缘iNOS、P53的表达均强于正常皮肤组织,溃疡边缘组织表达强于正常皮肤组织（P均〈0.01）,溃疡中心组织iNOS的表达强于溃疡边缘组织（P〈0.01）,溃疡中心组织P53的表达强于溃疡边缘组织（P〈0.05）。从正常皮肤组织至溃疡边缘到溃疡中心,凋亡细胞数目显著增加（P〈0.01）,发生凋亡的细胞大部分是与修复相关的炎性细胞、成纤维细胞等。iNOS和P53与压疮组织中的细胞凋亡呈正相关,不控制P53时iNOS与细胞凋亡相关系数为0.605,不控制iNOS时P53与细胞凋亡相关系数为0.457,P均〈0.01。结论：Ⅲ°压疮创面组织中iNOS高表达产生高浓度的NO可能上调P53的表达,两者对创面组织中修复细胞的大量凋亡可能有促进作用,影响着压疮创面的愈合。     

腹部肠管火器伤后脑组织COX-2的表达与细胞凋亡的研究

目的:探讨猪腹部肠管火器伤后脑组织环氧化酶-2(COX-2)的表达与细胞凋亡之间的关系.方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机分为对照组以及伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组脑组织COX-2的表达,采用TUNEL法观察脑细胞凋亡情况.结果:腹部肠管火器伤后COX-2在脑组织中的表达随着时间延长而表达增强、细胞凋亡率也随之增加,24小时组COX-2表达最强、细胞凋亡率最高,各实验组COX-2的表达和凋亡率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),各实验组COX-2表达与凋亡率明显高于上一时间组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),Pearson直线相关分析表明,COX-2的表达与细胞凋亡率均呈正相关,相关系数为0.857(P<0.01).结论:腹部肠管火器伤后脑组织中COX-2表达与脑细胞凋亡趋势一致,且二者密切相关,提示腹部肠管火器伤后COX-2可能通过调控各种凋亡因子来促进脑细胞凋亡,从而在继发性脑损害过程中起重要作用.     

Cox-2、P504s、CK3413E12和P63在前列腺腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究Cox-2、P504s、CK34βE12和P63在前列腺腺癌组织中的表达及其临床病理学意义.方法:用免疫组织化学法检测134例正常前列腺、良性前列腺增生和前列腺腺癌石蜡包埋组织中Cox-2、P504s、CK34βE12和P63的表达.结果:正常前列腺组织或良性前列腺增生组织未见或偶见P504s弱表达,但CK34βE12和P63均表达良好;前列腺腺癌组织中P504s表达良好,但CK34βE12和P63均表达消失,P504s表达阳性率为91.07%;与正常前列腺组和良性前列腺增生组相比.前列腺癌组的P504s阳性表达率存在显著性差异(p=0.001).COX-2在正常的前列腺组织几乎不表达,而良性前列腺增生组织及前列腺腺癌组织均可见阳性表达,阳性率分别为4.76%和80.36%;COX-2阳性表达率在正常前列腺组或良性前列腺增生组和前列腺腺癌组间有显著性差异(p=0.0027).COX-2与P504s表达存在相关性(r=0.377,P=0.039);COX-2的表达与年龄、临床分期、分化程度、有无远处转移等临床病理特征间无明显相关关系.结论:联合P504s、P63、CK34βE12和COX-2免疫组化检测可提高前列腺腺癌病理诊断的准确率.     

Conformational preferences of modified nucleoside N(2)-methylguanosine (m(2)G) and its derivative N(2), N(2)-dimethylguanosine (m(2)(2)G) occur at 26th position (hinge region) in tRNA

Conformational preferences of the modified nucleosides N²-methylguanosine (m²G) and N², N²-dimethylguanosine (m₂²G) have been studied theoretically by using quantum chemical perturbative configuration interaction with localized orbitals (PCILO) method. Automated complete geometry optimization using semiempirical quantum chemical RM1, along with ab initio molecular orbital Hartree–Fock (HF-SCF), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations has also been made to compare the salient features. Single-point energy calculation studies have been made on various models of m²G26:C/A/U44 and m₂²G26:C/A/U44. The glycosyl torsion angle prefers “syn” (χ = 286°) conformation for m²G and m₂²G molecules. These conformations are stabilized by N(3)–HC2′ and N(3)–HC3′ by replacing weak interaction between O5′–HC(8). The N²-methyl substituent of (m²G26) prefers “proximal” or s-trans conformation. It may also prefer “distal” or s-cis conformation that allows base pairing with A/U44 instead of C at the hinge region. Thus, N²-methyl group of m²G may have energetically two stable s-trans m²G:C/A/U or s-cis m²G:A/U rotamers. This could be because of free rotations around C–N bond. Similarly, N², N²-dimethyl substituent of (m₂²G) prefers “distal” conformation that may allow base pairing with A/U instead of C at 44th position. Such orientations of m²G and m₂²G could play an important role in base-stacking interactions at the hinge region of tRNA during protein biosynthesis process.     

H(2)O(2)-induced O(2) production by a non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase causes oxidant injury

Non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases have been implicated as major sources of reactive oxygen species in blood vessels. These oxidases can be activated by cytokines, thereby generating O(2), which is subsequently converted to H(2)O(2) and other oxidant species. The oxidants, in turn, act as important second messengers in cell signaling cascades. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species, themselves, can activate the non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases in vascular cells to induce oxidant production and, consequently, cellular injury. The current report demonstrates that exogenous exposure of non-phagocytic cell types of vascular origin (smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts) to H(2)O(2) activates these cell types to produce O(2) via an NAD(P)H oxidase. The ensuing endogenous production of O(2) contributes significantly to vascular cell injury following exposure to H(2)O(2). These results suggest the existence of a feed-forward mechanism, whereby reactive oxygen species such as H(2)O(2) can activate NAD(P)H oxidases in non-phagocytic cells to produce additional oxidant species, thereby amplifying the vascular injury process. Moreover, these findings implicate the non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase as a novel therapeutic target for the amelioration of the biological effects of chronic oxidant stress.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of cadmium(II) complexes with 2-(2-pyridyl)imino-N-(2-thiazolin-2-yl)thiazolidine (PyTT)

We have carried out the synthesis of the cadmium coordination compounds [Cd(NO₃)₂(PyTT)(H₂O)] (1) and [CdCl₂{(μ-Cl)₂CdCl(μ-Cl)(μ-PyTT)Cd}₂]_n (2), together with their structural determination by means of X-ray diffraction. The compounds were also characterized through elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The first complex presents a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry with the axial positions occupied by one oxygen atom from a water molecule and a second one from a nitrate ion which acts as a monodentate ligand, whereas the equatorial plane contains three nitrogen atoms from the organic moiety and two oxygen atoms coming from the other nitrate group, which is bidentate. The structure of the second complex consists of parallel sheets linked by van der Waals forces, each one made up of structural units [CdCl₂{(μ-Cl)₂CdCl(μ-Cl)(μ-PyTT)Cd}₂], which possesses two PyTT ligands, 10 bridging chloro ligands and 5 cadmium(II) centres belonging to three environment types: octahedral CdN₂Cl₄, octahedral CdCl₆, on which a centre of symmetry is located, and tetrahedral CdNCl₃, present in a 2:1:2 ratio.     

Partikelgestalt des Spargel-Virus 2 (asparagus virus 2) (Kurze Mitteilung)

Zwei Kernpolyedervirus‐Isolate der Kohleule aus Deutschland (MbKPV‐D) und Moldawien (MbKPV‐Ki) wurden im Biotest geprüft und der Genotyp mit Hilfe der Restriktionsenzym‐Fragmentanalyse (REN) untersucht. Beide Isolate ergaben eine gleiche biologische Aktivität. Die REN‐Profile zeigten weitestgehende Übereinstimmung in der DNA‐Struktur. Geringe Unterschiede wurden in den Profilen der Eco RI‐ und Hind III‐ Schnitte gefunden. Die erhaltenen REN‐Profile stimmen im wesentlichen mit den für ein niederländisches MbKPV‐Isolate beschriebenen Bandenmustern überein.     

Stereospecific formation of alpha-hydroxycarboxylato oxo peroxo complexes of vanadium(V). Crystal structure of (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O

An overview of structurally characterized alpha-hydroxycarboxylatodioxo- and alpha-hydroxycarboxylatooxoperoxovanadates(V) is presented and the geometric parameters of the V2O2 bridging core are discussed. The first case of a stereospecific formation of oxoperoxovanadates(V) is reported: The crystal structures of the isomeric compounds (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O (lact = C3H4O3(2-), the anion of the lactic acid) differ mainly in the arrangement of the V2O2 core and in mutual orientation of the V=O bonds. The complexes with achiral ligands adopt the same structural type as the complexes formed from a racemic mixture of a chiral ligand, while the structure obtained using an enantiopure L,L-hydroxycarboxylate is different.     

Synthesis,spectral and magnetical characterization of monomeric [Cu(2-NO2bz)2(3-pyme)2(H2O)2] and polymeric [Cu{3,5-(NO2)2bz}2(3-pyme)2]n

Two new complexes of composition [Cu(2-NO₂bz)₂(3-pyme)₂(H₂O)₂] (1) and/or [Cu{3,5-(NO₂)₂bz}₂(3-pyme)₂] (2) (3-pyme = 3-pyridylmethanol, ronicol or 3-pyridylcarbinol, 2-NO₂bz = 2-nitrobenzoate and 3,5-(NO₂)₂bz = 3,5-dinitrobenzoate) have been prepared and studied by elemental analysis, electronic, infrared and EPR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements and the structure of both complexes has been solved. Complex (1) shows an unusual molecular type of structure consisting of the [Cu(2-NO₂bz)₂(3-pyme)₂(H₂O)₂] molecules held together by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Complex (2) exhibits a polymeric chain-like structure [Cu{3,5-(NO₂)₂bz}₂(3-pyme)₂]_n with copper atoms doubly bridged by two 3-pyridylmethanol molecules and the polymeric molecules are held together by van der Waals interactions. Complex (1) exhibits a magnetic moment μ_eff = 1.84 B.M. at 300 K that remains nearly constant within the temperature region (5–300 K). Further cooling results in lowering the magnetic moment to μ_eff = 1.82 B.M. at 1.8 K. The magnetic susceptibility temperature dependence obeys Curie–Weiss law with Curie constant of 0.423 cm³ K mol⁻¹ and with Weiss constant of −0.06 K. The magnetic moment of (2) exhibits a small increase with a decrease in the temperature (μ_eff = 1.80 B.M. at 300 K and μ_eff = 1.85 B.M. at 1.8 K) with Curie constant of 0.409 cm³ K mol⁻¹ and with Weiss constant of +1.1 K, which can indicate a very weak ferromagnetic interaction between the copper atoms within the chain. Applying the molecular field model resulted in obtaining zJ′ values −0.08 cm⁻¹ for complex (1), and −0.07 cm⁻¹ for complex (2), respectively, that could characterize intermolecular and interchain interactions transmitted through π–π stacking.     

Molecular-Mechanical studies of the mismatched base analogs of d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2:d(CGTGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGAGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGCGAATTCACG)2, d(CGCGAATTCTCG)2, and d(CGCAGAATTCGCG)·d(CGCGAATTCGCG)

Molecular-mechanical simulations have been carried out on “mismatched base” analogs of the DNA double-helical structure d(CGCGAATTCGCG)₂, in which the base pairs CG at the 3 and 10 positions have been replaced by CA, AG, TC, and TG base pairs, as well as an insertion analog in which an extra adenine has been incorporated into one strand of the above structure between bases 3 and 4. The results of these simulations (calculated relative stabilities, structures, and nmr ring-current shifts) have been compared with calorimetric and nmr data. The calculated relative stabilities of the double-helical parent dodecamer and the various “wobble” base pairs qualitatively correlate with the experimental melting temperatures. The base-pairing structure for the GT wobble pair is in agreement with that previously determined from nmr experiments. For the GA base pair, the structure with both bases anti has a slightly more favorable energy from base pairing and stacking than a structure with non-Watson-Crick H-bonding with adenine syn, in agreement with nmr experiments. The CA wobble base is calculated to favor an adenine 6NH₂ …? cytosine N3 H-bond over cytosine 4NH₂ …? adenine N1, again, in agreement with nmr experiments. There is no definitive experimental data on the TC base pair, but the existence of (somewhat long and weak) H-bonds involving cytosine 4NH₂ …? thymine 4CO and cytosine N3 …? thymine HN3 seems reasonable. We find a structure in which the extra adenine base of the insertion analogs sits “inside” the double helix.     

Compartment-dependent management of H(2)O(2) by peroxisomes

Peroxisomes (PO) are essential and ubiquitous single-membrane-bound organelles whose ultrastructure is characterized by a matrix and often a crystalloid core. A unique feature is their capacity to generate and degrade H(2)O(2) via several oxidases and catalase, respectively. Handling of H(2)O(2) within PO is poorly understood and, in contrast to mitochondria, they are not regarded as a default H(2)O(2) source. Using an ultrasensitive luminometric H(2)O(2) assay, we show in real time that H(2)O(2) handling by matrix-localized catalase depends on the localization of H(2)O(2) generation in- and outside the PO. Thus, intact PO are inefficient at degrading external but also internal H(2)O(2) that is generated by the core-localized urate oxidase (UOX). Our findings suggest that, in addition to the PO membrane, the matrix forms a significant diffusion barrier for H(2)O(2). In contrast, matrix-generated H(2)O(2) is efficiently degraded. We further show that the tubular structures in crystalloid cores of UOX are associated with and perpendicularly oriented toward the PO membrane. Studies on metabolically active liver slices demonstrate that UOX directly releases H(2)O(2) into the cytoplasm, with the 5-nm primary tubules in crystalloid cores serving as exhaust conduits. Apparently, PO are inefficient detoxifiers of external H(2)O(2) but rather can become an obligatory source of H(2)O(2)--an important signaling molecule and a potential toxin.