多层核壳结构ACR树脂的合成与性能研究Ⅱ.ACR胶乳粒径及其分布

采用多步乳液聚合方法合成多层核壳结构ACR(PBA/PS/PMMA)树脂,用动态激光光散射法,研究了聚合反应过程胶乳粒径的变化及乳化剂用量对胶乳粒径及其分布的影响,指出乳化剂适量可以避免形成新生均聚粒子和防止产生聚结粒子,保持胶乳体系的稳定性.     

动态光散射测量核壳双层纳米颗粒的研究

用动态光散射方法研究了以聚丙烯酸丁脂（PBA）为核、聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂（PMMA）为壳的核壳双层纳米颗粒的粒径和粒径分布。得出的结论为：由于同一粒径的单层介质颗粒和核壳双层纳米颗粒的散射光不同,在测量中若将核壳双层颗粒当作单层介质颗粒处理时,必将影响测量结果的表征。     

不同粒径与核壳比ACR的制备及其与PLA的共混增韧

通过自制丙烯酸酯类核壳结构弹性体(ACR)对PLA进行增韧,来提高其冲击性能。在ACR制备过程中,先采用种子乳液聚合法制备了一系列不同粒径的PBA核层乳液,再进一步聚合得到壳层PMMA。将ACR与PLA共混,对共混物进行了一系列测试,结果表明:ACR的加入显著提高了PLA的冲击性能,并在8～15%以后达到最大,其增韧效果可达10～12倍,同时其拉伸性能并没有受到明显影响。进一步探讨了ACR的粒径、核壳比、用量等因素对增韧效果的影响。     

结构化丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及在发泡制品中的应用

采用种子乳液聚合方法制备了核壳结构丙烯酸酯共聚物[PMMA/Poly(MMA-co-St-co-AN),PMSN]胶乳,其单体转化率高,无二次成核现象,最终乳胶粒粒径可控;随着壳层丙烯酸烯丙酯(AMA)含量的增加,PMSN的特性黏数升高;此时PMSN与聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混物的平衡扭矩明显提高。这对于硬质PVC发泡制品的正常挤出过程是必需的,因为其密度只有普通硬制品的三分之一,这种PMSN加工助剂可防止泡孔的坍塌,满足工业使用条件。     

核壳结构丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及对聚碳酸酯的增韧

采用半连续乳液聚合方法制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PBA/PMMA)核壳结构乳液,经处理制得丙烯酸酯共聚物(ACR),再用ACR对聚碳酸酯(PC)进行增韧改性。研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂配比和用量、交联单体的用量对聚合物乳液的影响,以及ACR含量、核壳比、乳化剂用量和交联单体等对共混物力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜对共混物冲击断面形貌进行了研究。实验结果表明,随乳化剂用量的增大,乳胶平均粒径减小。在乳化剂用量一定时,随乳化剂中OP-10的增加,乳胶平均粒径增大。在核壳结构乳液中核壳质量比为75/25,交联单体用量为8%,乳化剂用量为3%的条件下,共混物中ACR质量分数为6%时,共混物缺口冲击强度最大,使用交联单体二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯(BDDMA)的共混物缺口冲击强度是使用交联单体二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)的共混物缺口冲击强度的2倍。随着ACR含量的增加,PC/ACR的缺口冲击强度增加,拉伸强度和弯曲强度略有下降。扫描电镜表明,ACR在PC/ACR中分散粒径大于乳胶粒径。     

上转换荧光光子晶体薄膜的制备及包装防伪应用

以热分解法制备的蓝色荧光NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+上转换纳米颗粒为核,外延生长一层具有钝化表面缺陷、增强荧光效果的NaYF4壳层,制备得到核壳上转换纳米颗粒(CSNPs).利用反相微乳液法在CSNPs上包覆一层修饰3-(三甲氧基甲硅基)甲基丙烯酸丙酯(MPS)的SiO2,实现上转换纳米颗粒亲水改性的同时,赋予其可参与加成聚合的双键.将CSNPs@SiO2-MPS与苯乙烯单体通过乳液聚合共聚形成镧系掺杂NaYF4/PS复合微球.通过垂直沉积法,利用镧系掺杂NaYF4/PS复合微球自组装构建上转换荧光光子晶体(UCPC)薄膜,并探讨其在包装防伪中的应用.结果表明:该上转换荧光光子晶体薄膜,在可见光下从特定角度可以观察到明显的粉色结构色,在980 nm激光照射下可观察到蓝色荧光,这两种模态下的光学特性可隐藏信息,预期在信息保护、包装防伪等领域有广阔的应用前景.     

TiO2改性PC纳米纤维增强PMMA透光复合材料

利用同轴共纺技术制备出壳（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA）－芯（聚碳酸酯,PC）复合纳米纤维,再通过热压将壳层熔融后得到PC纳米纤维增强PMMA透光复合材料. 分别在复合纳米纤维的壳层或芯层中添加不同含量的纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）粒子,观察纳米颗粒在复合纤维不同结构中的分布,并分析其含量及分布状态对透光复合材料的可见光透过率、紫外光透过率以及力学性能的影响. 研究结果表明,分布在壳层的纳米TiO₂可明显提高复合材料的紫外光屏蔽性,拉伸性能得到增强,但是透光率有所下降;分布在芯层的纳米TiO₂对复合材料的透光率影响较小,而对拉伸性能的提高较引入壳层的效果更为显著.     

具有过渡层的新型核壳型ACR的制备、表征与抗冲击性能

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(St)为主要单体,1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯(BDDA)与二乙烯苯(DVB)为核层复合交联荆,DVB为外壳交联剂,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了核壳型聚丙烯酸酯(ACR)粒子.采用FT-R、TEM、DSC考察了ACR粒子的组成、结构与性能,TEM观察到完整的核壳结构以及核壳间过渡层,DSC分析表明,ACR粒子表现出与内核、过渡层与外壳对应的3个玻璃化转变温度(Tg),分别为-22.73℃、26.37℃、102.16℃.探讨了核层组成、核壳比、交联剂等对核壳型ACR粒子抗冲击性能的影响.缺口冲击强度实验结果表明,当核壳比为65/35、内核/过渡层比为75/25,外壳交联剂DVB、核层复合交联剂(BI)DA DVB)用量分别为外壳单体、核层单体质量的1.2%～1.6%、1.2%时,ACR对PVC具有最佳的抗冲击性能.     

TiO2改性PC纳米纤维增强PMMA透光复合材料

利用同轴共纺技术制备出壳（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA）－芯（聚碳酸酯,PC）复合纳米纤维,再通过热压将壳层熔融后得到PC纳米纤维增强PMMA透光复合材料. 分别在复合纳米纤维的壳层或芯层中添加不同含量的纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）粒子,观察纳米颗粒在复合纤维不同结构中的分布,并分析其含量及分布状态对透光复合材料的可见光透过率、紫外光透过率以及力学性能的影响. 研究结果表明,分布在壳层的纳米TiO₂可明显提高复合材料的紫外光屏蔽性,拉伸性能得到增强,但是透光率有所下降;分布在芯层的纳米TiO₂对复合材料的透光率影响较小,而对拉伸性能的提高较引入壳层的效果更为显著.     

甲基丙烯酸正丁酯／甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚树脂研究

采用悬浮聚合法合成了甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸β羟乙酯二元共聚树脂，采用冻胶纺丝技术制备了纤维状共聚物树脂，研究了甲基丙烯酸β羟乙酯含量对树脂饱和吸油率、吸油速率以及充分溶胀后树脂剩余率的影响，分别利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和动态热机械分析仪（DMA）对树脂的化学结构和动态力学性能进行了分析和讨论，利用软件materials studio对甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸β羟乙酯共聚过程中的物理缠结能力进行了模拟预测。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.