反相微乳液模板原位聚合制备和表征纳米AgCl/PMMA复合材料

用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）作油相，反相微乳液作为模板制备了纳米氯化银（AgCl）粒子，再进行原位聚合制备了纳米AgCl/PMMA复合材料。用电导法表征了微乳液的结构。分析了温度对微乳液稳定性的影响；TEM分析表明，纳米AgCl的尺寸小于100nm,SEM及红外分析表明纳米AgCl粒子是均匀地存在于PMMA基材中，MMA聚合完全；动态力学测试（DMTA）复合材料发现纳米AgCl粒子起到“交联剂”作用，使复合材料的储能模量上升。     

反胶束体系中聚吡咯/氯化银纳米复合粒子的合成与表征

利用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)形成的反胶束作为微反应器合成了聚吡咯-氯化银(PPy/AgCl)纳米复合粒子.考察了吡咯/硝酸银、正己醇/水的比例的变化对PPy/AgCl纳米复合粒子的粒径大小和粒子形貌的影响,并利用TEM、SEM、FTIR、XRD和激光光散射粒度分析仪对产物进行了表征.结果显示,PPy/AgCl纳米粒子的粒径在40-60nm之间,改变合成条件可以进行自组装.FTIR和XRD显示复合物中含有PPy.因氯化银的存在,导致复合物的红外光谱向低波数方向移动.该实验结果同时表明,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机/无机纳米复合粒子的制备.     

有机溶胶法制备超细钴纳米粒子的研究

以乙二醇为溶剂、柠檬酸钠为络合剂、甲酸钠为还原剂,采用有机溶胶法制备得到粒径为2nm的单分散超细钴纳米粒子.XRD分析表明,所得钴纳米粒子为六方密堆积(hcp)晶型,XPS结果显示,钴纳米粒子表面没有被氧化.研究发现,使用温和的还原剂甲酸钠和较高黏度的溶剂乙二醇有助于得到超细钴纳米粒子.     

酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂的影响因素研究

用盐酸催化溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米TiO2粉末.探讨了制备条件影响凝胶时间的主要因素,结果表明,控制适当的工艺条件可以有效控制凝胶时间,得到稳定的溶胶.制备纳米TiO2溶胶的物质的量比为:n(钛酸丁酯):n(无水乙醇):n(水):n(盐酸)=1:27:2.8:0.24.羟丙基纤维素表面活性剂的加入量为0.75g/L时具有较强的空间位阻作用,不仅能在溶液中阻碍溶胶粒子的相互碰撞形成大的团聚体,而且能在热处理过程中有效抑制TiO2纳米颗粒的进一步团聚长大,获得单分散的纳米TiO2颗粒.     

单分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备与改性的研究进展

Fe3 O4纳米粒子作为纳米材料的一种,由于其独特的光、电、磁、热性能而备受关注.综述了近几年Fe3 O4纳米粒子的制备方法,如共沉淀法、热分解法、微乳液法、水热法、氧化沉淀法、超声辅助法、溶胶-凝胶法等,同时论述了目前较受关注、研究较多的Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面修饰,以及水、油基Fe3O4纳米粒子的相转移,并展望了其进一步的研究.     

氧化锆纳米晶微粉的制备及其性质

本文就ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）纳米晶粒子的制备和性质进行了研究。结果表明，利用普通无机盐的水溶胶过程，能够制备粒径为数十至数个纳米的粉体，制备的粉体粒径分布均匀，分散性好，通过选择溶胶过程中前驱反应物浓度值，可以有效地控制纳米晶粒子的粒径，所制备的ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）纳米晶粒子的最小粒径为６ｎｍ，该值取决于溶胶中胶体粒子的临界形核的大小。     

提拉法制备自清洁型Ag/AgCl/GO表面增强拉曼基底

采用化学还原法制备Ag溶胶,采用水热法制备AgCl溶胶,利用提拉法在石英基片上通过交替提拉氧化石墨烯(GO)、Ag溶胶、AgCl溶胶,制备出了Ag/AgCl/GO复合薄膜并可用作表面增强拉曼基底。采用SEM,XRD,UVVis以及激光拉曼光谱测试仪对复合薄膜的成分、结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,通过提拉法成功地制备出了Ag/AgCl/GO复合薄膜,Ag/AgCl/GO复合薄膜具有较强的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)性能和可见光光催化性能;AgCl的引入使得Ag/AgCl/GO复合薄膜具有自清洁性能,自清洁性能使得基底可以重复利用。     

不同方法制备的TiO2薄膜电极光电性能比较

用Doctor-Blade和Dip-Coating方法制备了粒子膜和溶胶-粒子膜两类TiO2纳米晶薄膜电极,利用BAS—100B电化学工作站和IM-6e交流阻抗仪研究了两种电极的光电化学性能．由光电流和交流阻抗谱（EIS）的测试结果发现,由于引入溶胶,增加了TiO2纳米粒子与基底的附着力,改善了TiO2纳米粒子与基底以及TiO2纳米粒子之间的电性接触,使得溶胶-粒子膜电极的电荷转移电阻远远小于粒子膜电极,提高了溶胶-粒子膜电极的光电流．     

纤维素磁性纳米复合膜的研究进展

目的综述了纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子的制备方法和机理,找出纤维素磁性纳米复合膜的基本复合方法。方法比较分析沉淀法、水热反应法、微乳液法、溶胶凝胶法、高温分解法等制备纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子的优缺点。结果总结了纤维素磁性纳米复合膜研究和应用进展,并为今后纤维素磁性纳米复合膜的发展提出了建议和新思路。结论采用原位复合的方法制备纤维素磁性纳米复合膜是目前的研究热点,具有显著的意义和广阔的发展前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米复合材料的研究进展

溶胶-凝胶法用于制备纳米粒子复合材料，因组分、制备途径和结构等可优化设计，故产物性能优异。本文介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米粒子复合材料在光学、电子、磁学、生物、催化等领域的应用和最新研究进展。     

离子液体微乳液中纳米AgCl的合成及AgCl/poly(MMA-co-AM)杂化膜的渗透汽化分离

以离子液体氯化-1-十二烷基甲基咪唑(C₁₂mimCl)为表面活性剂, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)混合物为油相构筑的反相微乳液合成AgCl纳米粒子。通过微乳液聚合制备AgCl/poly(MMA-co-AM)杂化膜, 用于苯-环己烷混合物的渗透汽化分离。利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和透射电镜(TEM)分析AgCl纳米粒子的形貌及结构, 利用XRD和SEM分析了杂化膜中AgCl粒子的形貌及结构, 通过杂化膜的苯-环己烷混合物(质量分数50%, 30℃)的渗透汽化实验分析了杂化膜的分离性能。结果表明: 纳米AgCl粒子的平均粒径和粒子数随微乳液中AgNO₃浓度(c_AgNO3)的增大明显增加; 增加微乳液中C₁₂mimCl浓度(c_C12mimCl), 有利于形成数量较多、 平均粒径较小的纳米AgCl粒子; AgCl/poly(MMA-co-AM)杂化膜中AgCl粒子粒径较小, 且均匀分散于poly(MMA-co-AM)基材中; 随着c _AgNO3的增加, 杂化膜的渗透通量明显增大, 分离因子先增大后减小; 而随 c _C12mimCl的增加, 杂化膜的分离因子持续增大, 渗透通量表现出先增大后减小的趋势; 杂化膜的分离因子最高可达5.0, 渗透通量约为490 g·m^-2·h^-1, 表现出较好的分离性能。     

丙烯酸酯水溶胶粒子形态及胶膜性能的研究

用一次投料法、半连续滴加法和单体预乳法3种聚合工艺，合成丙烯酸酯乳液聚合物，并中氨微细化，转化成水溶胶。考察了聚合工艺、功能单体（AA/NMA）和氨化反应对乳液及其水溶胶的影响，结果表明，半连续法和预乳化法比间歇法更能使聚合反应稳定进行；功能单体对水溶胶的物性影响很大，适量的AA有利于氨化反应，过多则耐水性降低；NMA用量影响水溶胶的粒径；原因是其亲水性和一定的表面活性。过多则耐水性降低；NMA用量影响水溶胶的粒径；原因是其亲水性和一定的表面活性，用透射电镜（TEM）观察了胶粒形态，并研究了水溶胶的流变性，结果表明，水溶胶粘度随着剪切速率的增大而下降。     

微波辅助制备掺铁纳米TiO2溶胶及其性能研究

为了进一步提高纳米二氧化钛溶胶的光催化活性,采用微波辅助胶溶的方法制备了不同铁掺杂量的纳米二氧化钛(Fe-TiO2)溶胶,并以偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B为目标物,分别考察不同铁掺杂量对纳米Fe-TiO2溶胶光催化活性的影响,研究表明原子数分数为0.05%的Fe3+掺杂量最佳;对Fe-TiO2溶胶、TiO2溶胶及P25(Degussa纳米TiO2)悬浮液的光催化活性进行对比,结果表明:TiO2溶胶与P25悬浮液光催化活性相当,而Fe-TiO2溶胶较前两者具有更高的光催化活性.采用XRD、DLS、AFM和DRS的分析方法对溶胶进行表征,结果表明:微量铁掺杂对纳米TiO2的晶型及粒径分布无显著影响;但铁掺杂可以使纳米TiO2对紫外光的吸收有较大程度的增强,同时吸收边带发生了较明显的红移.铁掺杂对于提高纳米TiO2溶胶的光催化活性和拓展其光吸收范围均具有显著的积极的作用.     

超声微乳液法制备Ag/AgCl复合纳米颗粒及其光催化性能研究

设计了一种全新的微乳液体系,以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、乙醇、正丁醇和异辛烷的混合物作为复合乳化剂,采用超声微乳液法制备了Ag/AgCl复合纳米颗粒。利用SEM和EDS研究样品的形貌、尺寸及表面组成,通过研究样品对甲基橙降解过程的催化作用证明了样品在可见光下的催化活性。重点研究了反应物浓度对Ag/AgCl颗粒尺寸及形貌的影响,结果表明,Ag/AgCl复合纳米颗粒尺寸主要由微乳液尺寸决定,受反应物浓度的影响较小,反映出本工作提出的超声微乳液制备技术具有较高的工艺稳定性。     

Environmentally benign chitosan as reductant and supporter for synthesis of Ag/AgCl/chitosan composites by one-step and their photocatalytic degradation performance under visible-light irradiation

A novel Ag/AgCl/chitosan composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a simple one-step method. During this progress, environmentally benign chitosan not only served as reductant to reduce Ag⁺ to Ag⁰ species, but also acted as supporter for Ag/AgCl nanoparticles. XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-vis DRS and XPS were employed to characterize the as-prepared simples. SEM images of Ag/AgCl/chitosan composites revealed that Ag/AgCl nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto chitosan without obvious aggregation. All Ag/AgCl/chitosan composites exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. The result of photocatalytic degradation experiment indicated that 20% of the mass ratio of AgCl to chitosan was the optimum, and after 40 min photocatalytic reaction, the degradation rate reached about 96%.     

Bicomponent AgCl/PVP nanofibre fabricated by electrospinning with gel-sol method

A new series of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl) composite fibres have been synthesized by electrospinning and gel-sol technology. We used sol-gel process to prepare AgCl nanoparticles in the PVP solution, and then the solutions were electrospun to obtain AgCl/PVP composite nanofibres. The final products were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which showed the formation of AgCl nanoparticles/PVP composite nanofibres.     

Preparation of photosensitized nanocrystalline TiO(2) hydrosol by nanosized CdS at low temperature

A new method was developed for the fabrication of CdS-TiO(2) semiconductor nanoparticles as visible-light-excitable photocatalyst at low temperatures. Nanosized CdS acting as an effective and stable sensitizer was incorporated into TiO(2) by microemulsion-mediated solvothermal hydrolyzation followed by acidic peptization of the precipitate under 70?°C. The new method avoided the calcination or other pyrochemical treatments involved in traditional preparations, and thus eliminated the unwanted agglomeration of nanoparticles or the oxidation of CdS by oxygen. Compared to traditional methods, it was highly simplified, bypassing those miscellaneous steps like filtration, sintering, milling and redispersion in solutions. The crystal structure, configuration, element composition, as well as the light-absorption properties of the obtained CdS-TiO(2) hydrosol were characterized in detail. The hydrosol consisting of uniform and small crystalline particles of about 2?nm in diameter was thermodynamically stable and showed good dispersibility. The photocatalytic activity of the 'coupled' material was confirmed through the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation, and the cooperative photocatalytic mechanism is discussed.     

One-pot synthesis of visible-light-driven plasmonic photocatalyst Ag/AgCl in ionic liquid

Plasmonic photocatalyst Ag/AgCl was prepared by in situ hydrothermal method with the contribution of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim]Cl), in which the [Omim]Cl ionic liquid acted not only as a precursor but also as a reducing reagent in the process of formation of Ag?. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The photocatalytic activity of the composites were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that the high activity and stability of Ag/AgCl photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation were due to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Based on the characterization of the structure and photocatalytic performance, the LSPR was determined by synergetic effect of many factors, such as particle size of metallic Ag, contents of the Ag? nanoparticles, and the extent of metallic Ag dispersing. A photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag/AgCl photocatalyst was also proposed.     

Atomistic and mesoscale interface simulation of graphite nanosheet/AgCl/polypyrrole composite

Interfaces of graphite nanosheet/AgCl/Polypyrrole (NanoG/AgCl/PPy) composite have been researched by atomistic and mesoscale simulations. The results showed that the three-component nanocomposites were formed on the basis of van der Waals interfacial interactions between two components (except between NanoG and AgCl). PPy played a key role of adhesive, which combine with NanoG and AgCl separately through strong advantaged interfaces. So the three-components could form nanocomposite as a whole in mesoscale. Quantitative analysis of density and potential distributions of NanoG/AgCl/PPy composites showed that they had proper potential interfaces and uniform distribution. The NanoG well dispersed in PPy matrix, and the matrix was decorated by core–shell nanoparticles with AgCl as the core and PPy as the conducting shell.     

Characterization and photoactivity of TiO2 sols prepared with triethylamine

Using triethylamine as a surface protective agent, a transparent and pale yellowish TiO₂ sol had been prepared at 90 °C. This method was very different from the traditional methods, which produced titanium dioxide nanoparticles with anatase crystalline structure either at high acid condition or high temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the as-prepared TiO₂ sol nanoparticles with anatase crystalline structure were uniformly distributed, and the average size was 3 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis absorption spectra showed that triethylamine was adsorbed on TiO₂ sol particles surface. FTIR spectroscopy noted that TiO₂ sol particles had the similar spectra with Degussa P25. Photoactivity of the as-prepared TiO₂ sol was studied by investigating the photodegradation of methyl violet in hydrosol reaction system under visible light irradiation.