依维菌素的高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法分析依维菌素。使用C18反相柱和二极管阵列检测器，以甲醇-水（体积比82：18）为流动相，柱温30℃，流速：1．0mL／min；检测波长244nm，外标法对依维菌素的有效成分进行定量分析。结果表明依维菌素的线性关系系数为0．9998，测定0．5％依维菌素乳油时，标准偏差为0．0089，变异系数为1．73％，平均回收率为100．14％；测定依维菌素原药时，标准偏差为0．10，变异系数为0．11％，平均回收率为99．88％。     

硫丹原药的气相色谱分析

论述了采用毛细管柱为分离柱，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物和FID检测器，对硫丹原药进行定量分析的方法。本方法标准偏差为0．15，变异系数为0．16％，回收率在99．0％～101．5％之间，平均回收率为100．7％，线性相关系数为0．9998。     

乳氟禾草灵的正相液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法，使用硅胶柱和紫外检测器，用外标法对乳氟禾草灵进行定量分析。方法标准偏差为0．310％，变异系数为0．407％，回收率为98．6％-100％。     

苯甲酰甲酸甲酯气相色谱法的分析研究

用5％OV－17，长度为2m的不锈钢填充柱，以邻氯硝基苯为内标物，在150℃柱温下，用FID检测器对苯甲酰甲酸甲酯进行定量分析。该方法变异系数为0．21％，平均回收率100．22％，线性相关系数为0．99995。     

3-溴-4-氟苯甲醛的气相色谱分析方法

采用气相色谱法，氢火焰离子化检测器，选用3％OV-17填充柱，正十三烷为内标，气化室和检测器温度为180℃，柱温120℃，对3-溴-4-氟苯甲醛进行定量测定。该方法简单、快速、准确、适用，标准偏差0．26％、变异系数0．27％、平均回收率100.1％．     

高效液相色谱法研究20％高效氯氰菊酯胺菊酯乳油中氯氰菊酯和胺菊酯的含量

采用高效液相色谱法，使用正相色谱柱（ZORBAX RX－SIL）和紫外检测器（240nm)同时测定高效氯氰菊酯和胺菊酯，流动相为正己烷＋乙酸乙酯（93＋7），该方法的偏差为0．07％和0．09％，变异系数为0．69％和0．9％，回收率为99．1％－101．3％和99．7％－101．2％     

高效液相色谱法检测水中多环芳烃

介绍了利用高效液相色谱检测水中PAH的方法。采用SHIMADzN—C18色谱柱，在CH3OH：H2O＝95：5为流动相，柱温40℃，最大柱压160MPa的条件下进行分析，所得结果的准确度高，Fa和BaP的回收率分别为88％-94％和89％-99％，线性相关系数分别为0．999和0．992。     

氟吡磺隆高效液相色谱分析

采用SB-C18 HPLC色谱柱，以甲醇，水（90，10）为流动相，选择254nm为检测波长对氟吡磺隆进行分离和定量分析检测。结果表明本方法的标准偏差为0．0017，变异系数为0．36％，相关系数R^2为0．9999，回收率为98．85％-101．73％。     

25%炔螨特乳油的气相色谱分析

采用气相色谱法，以二十二烷为内标物，OV－101为填充柱，用FID检测器进行25％炔螨特含量的分析。本方法的标准偏差为0．1199，变异系数为0．4737％，线性相关系数为0．9989，回收率为98．74％－100．1％。     

乙二醇缩糠醛的气相色谱分析

使用3％OV－17色谱柱和氢火焰离子化检测器，以萘为内标物，对乙二醇缩糠醛进行气相色谱定量分析。该方法简单、快速、准确。其标准偏差为0．34，变异系数为0．35％，回收率为99．76％－100．64％。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.