不同状态膨化硝酸铵的自敏化结构研究

采用真空析晶法制备不同状态膨化硝酸铵(EAN)样品,利用密度测试法、N2吸附法、扫描电镜法、板痕试验法测试普通硝酸铵(AN)和不同状态EAN的孔隙率、孔隙结构、比表面积、粒子表面形貌及雷管起爆感度和作功能力。结果表明：普通AN颗粒表面比较规则光滑、密实、孔隙率和比表面积低;EAN样品颗粒表面不规则,存在大量棱角、突起、晶形严重歧化,比表面积大、孔隙率高,具有典型的自敏化结构特征;用不同状态EAN样品制得的铵油炸药(ANFO)的雷管起爆感度和作功能力与AN结构密切相关,膨化ANFO样品的雷管起爆感度和作功能力较普通ANFO样品高。实验所采用的表征技术可用于揭示不同状态EAN的自敏化结构。     

膨化硝酸铵晶体特性研究

膨化硝酸铵是一种改性硝酸铵晶体,具有显著自敏化特征,成功应用于各类膨化硝铵炸药及震源药柱中.在膨化剂(表面活性剂)的作用下改善了膨化硝酸铵的物理性能和晶体结构及其特征.本文通过硝酸铵固体表面接触角的测量,算出了膨化硝酸晶体表面能;利用差热分析(DSC)技术给出了膨化剂对硝酸铵晶变的影响;采用x射线衍射分析了膨化硝酸铵晶体的晶格特性.     

自敏化硝酸铵安全性能及其应用研究

本文在研究表面活性理论基础上,应用真空析晶技术制得了颗粒内部含有大量微气孔的硝酸铵,这种硝酸铵易粉碎、比表面大、具有自敏化的特征,其起爆感度增加.文中对自敏化硝酸铵的机械感度、热感度、静电感度、雷管感度等进行了全面的研究.结果表明,自敏化硝酸铵的雷管感度在工业生产过程中是可以控制的,用自敏化硝酸铵代替普通硝酸铵可以制得性能优良的硝铵炸药.     

自敏化硝酸铵安全性能及其应用研究

本文在研究表面活性理论基础上,应用真空析晶技术制得了颗粒内部含有大量微气孔的硝酸铵,这种硝酸铵易粉碎、比表面大、具有自敏化的特征,其起爆感度增加。文中对自敏化硝酸铵的机械感度、热感度、静电感度、雷管感度等进行了全面的研究。结果表明,自敏化硝酸铵的雷管感度在工业生产过程中是可以控制的,用自敏化硝酸铵代替普通硝酸铵可以制得性能优良的硝铵炸药。     

膨化硝铵震源药柱配方的优化设计

在普通硝酸铵中 ,加入专用表面活性剂和水 ,进行溶化 -真空结晶处理 ,制得一种含有微气泡的自敏化硝酸铵 ,这种改性硝酸铵称为膨化硝酸铵。用膨化硝酸铵替代原用普通硝酸铵 ,震源药柱内装药中的梯恩梯含量降低 50 %。文中建立了震源药柱内装药配方设计的数学模型。给出了高、中、低爆速膨化硝铵震源药柱的三个配方和爆炸特征数据。     

评自敏化理论最新专著———《膨化硝铵炸药 自敏化理论》

由我国炸药领域著名学者、专家、博士生导师、南京理工大学原副校长吕眷绪教授撰写的《膨化硝铵炸药自敏化理论》一书,己于2008年5月在兵器工业出版社隆重出版,目前正在《爆破器材》编辑部发行。     

疑似危险物的鉴定与评估

为配合公安机关对疑似危险物进行鉴定和评估,由国家颁布的国家标准《化学品物理危险性测试导则》和《GB/T 13226-1991工业雷管铅板试验方法》,被系统地应用于危险物的爆炸性试验鉴定与评估标准。其中,联合国隔板试验1(a)、克南试验1(b)和时间/压力试验1(c)用于鉴别危险物是否具有爆炸性;雷管敏感度试验5(a)用于确定危险物对强烈机械刺激的敏感度;铅板试验用于鉴定各种火雷管、电雷管和导爆管雷管是否具有爆炸性。利用上述试验方法,对硝酸铵(AN)和高氯酸铵(AP)样品,以及某公安机关缴获的疑似黑火药和导火索、疑似硝铵炸药、疑似电雷管和火雷管等危险物,进行了燃烧性或爆炸性的鉴定和评估。结果表明,AN不能用工业雷管起爆,AP以及与AN的混合物均具有爆炸性,能用工业雷管起爆,验证了该爆炸性试验鉴定与评估标准的有效性。疑似硝铵炸药可用联合国隔板试验1(a)鉴别出是否具有爆炸性,疑似黑火药和疑似导火索可用燃烧试验定性鉴别出是否具有燃烧性,疑似电雷管和疑似火雷管可用铅板试验鉴别出是否具有爆炸性。     

有机玻璃法测试硝铵炸药的爆压

为更好地理解硝铵炸药状态对爆轰性能的影响,采用有机玻璃法测试硝铵炸药的爆速和爆压。简要介绍了有机玻璃法测炸药爆压的原理和实验装置,采用该法测试了普通硝铵炸药及3种膨化硝铵炸药的爆速、爆压。结果表明,硝铵炸药具有低爆速和低爆压的非理想爆轰特征,膨化硝铵炸药较普通硝铵炸药具有更高的爆速和爆压,颗粒粒度减小有利于提高膨化硝铵炸药的爆压性能。有机玻璃法是同时获得硝铵炸药爆速和爆压数据的简便方法。     

铵油炸药微观结构及其对雷管起爆感度的影响

炸药微观结构对性能影响显著,为更好认识铵油炸药(ANFO)微观结构及其对起爆感度的影响,采用扫描电镜法(SEM)和密度测试法表征不同状态铵油炸药颗粒的微观结构,通过切片技术观测ANFO炸药颗粒内部的微观特征,借鉴板痕试验原理测试样品雷管起爆感度。结果表明,未膨化ANFO炸药颗粒内部及外部孔洞和裂纹很少,颗粒表面较膨化ANFO炸药光滑;膨化ANFO炸药颗粒表面存在大量孔洞、裂纹和突起,表面凹凸不平,颗粒内部存在大量毛孔和孪晶。研究同时表明,膨化AN颗粒内的晶体生长过程并未进行完全。多孔的颗粒结构和凹凸不平的颗粒表面有利于提高ANFO的雷管起爆感度。     

膨化硝酸铵自敏化特征实验研究

本文应用表面活性剂和真空析晶工艺制得了膨化硝酸铵,测定了其热分解活化能、晶体结构、晶体中的孔径和微孔体积.与普通硝酸铵相比,这种膨化硝酸铵热分解反应活化能较低,固体颗粒内部具有大量的微气孔和微孔体积,晶体呈蜂窝状结构,具有自敏化特征,其反应活性、反应速度以及反应的完全性增加,它可以作为含能材料理想的氧化剂.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.