果胶工艺废水处理方法研究

对采用盐析法提取果胶工艺废水进行小试处理研究。经过几种方案的比较，确定了利用废水中残余的Al(Ⅲ），投加石灰与PAM混凝沉淀，再经炉渣和活性炭脱色的处理方案。据此工艺处理后的废水无色透明，Al(Ⅲ)去除率93．0％，SO4^2-去除率81.1%,CODCr去除率88．2％，达到回用水标准。     

聚硅硫酸铝絮凝剂的制备及应用研究

研究了无机高分子絮凝剂一聚硅硫酸铝(PSAS)絮凝剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用。以硅藻土低浊水,造纸废水,制革废水为对象,以浊度去除率、色度去除率和cOD去除率为考察指标,比较了不同Si／Al摩尔比,Na2SiO3溶液的浓度、硅酸活化pH值、熟化温度等条件下制备样品对处理效果的影响。获得最佳工艺条件是：Si／Al摩尔比为1：1,Na2SiO3溶液浓度为为5％～15％,硅酸活化pH值为1．0～4．0,熟化温度为30～50℃。实验结果表明,PSAS可以有效地应用于低浊度废水的净化处理,同时对高色度废水也有很好的处理效果。     

脲基乙酸内酰胺的废水处理研究

采用浓缩-氧化-碱洗-活性炭纤维吸附工艺处理生产脲基乙酸内酰胺的废水。着重研究了活性炭纤维吸附规律及再生方法。研究表明：该工艺处理后的废水COD去除率为95．0％,乙醇氰去除率为97．6％,脲基乙酸内酰胺去除率达92．0％,废水的气味和颜色全部除去,废水达到排放标准。     

催化湿式氧化法在苯酚废水预处理中的应用研究

与湿式空气氧化相比，催化湿式氧化可以在温和条件下达到较好的废水处理效果。考察了CuO/η－Al2O3和活性炭两种催化剂处理苯酚废水的催化效果，结果表明在温和条件下可以达到较高COD去除率：在140℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．2％和88．4％。在160℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．4％和90．1％。在140℃下，苯酚废水经过湿式空气氧化1h后，BOD5／CODcr仅仅达到0．08，不适合后续生物法处理；使用活性炭催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．18，而使用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．30，因此，用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂处理苯酚废水可以在较低温度下达到预处理效果。     

乙基氯化物生产废水的预处理

研究了有机磷农药中间体乙基氟化物生产废水的预处理，讨论了各种因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：乙基氯化物生产废水采用酸化水解、微电解、中和预处理工艺是可行的，处理后废水的可生物降解性明显提高，为进入生化装置创造了条件。处理成本低，水中特征污染物去除率较高。废水的COD、硫化物、总磷的去除率分别为90．2％、99．4％、95．0％（其中有机磷的去除率为99％）。     

柱撑膨润土对化工废水的处理研究

对膨润土进行无机柱撑、有机柱撑改性，改性膨润土应用于化工废水处理，探讨了絮凝剂用量、pH值等最佳使用条件。结果表明改性膨润土应用于化工废水处理，无机改性膨润土COD去除率最高为55．4％。单纯使用有机柱撑膨润土处理LG废水，效果不好，COD去除率最高仅为38．5％。AlCl3和Al2(SO4)3与有机柱撑膨润土联用，能明显提高废水COD的去除率，而且Al2(SO4)3的效果好于AlCl3的效果，COD的去除率达到75．6％，令人满意。     

"混凝+生化"处理高浓度染料废水的试验研究

染料废水水质复杂，常规工艺很难处理。以河北某生产染料化工厂的废水为对象，对其处理工艺进行了试验研究。结果表明，采用“PFS MS”两步混凝 水解酸化 生物接触氧化 炉渣吸附工艺处理染料废水取得了良好的效果。处理后色度由原水的11111倍降至80倍，CODCr由7762mg／L降至310mg/L，去除率分别为99．3％和96．0％。     

水解酸化—好氧生物接触氧化—气浮处理高浓度印染废水

介绍了常温条件下，采用水解酸化－好氧生物接触氧化－气浮工艺处理高浓度印染废水的工程应用，印染废水经工艺处理后CODCr去除率高达95．3％，SS去除率为92．5％，该工艺占地面积小，脱色效果好，处理效率高，能广泛用于纺织印染等废水的实际工程中。     

UASB-氧化沟工艺在酱油废水处理工程中的应用

采用UASB-氧化沟工艺处理酱油废水，工程运行表明，经UASB-氧化沟工艺处理后，COD去除率为95.2％、BOD5去除率为98．5％、SS去除率为89．6％、色度脱除率为87．5％、NH3-N去除率为90％。该工艺具有占地面积小、处理效果好、运行费用低等特点，能广泛应用于酱油废水处理的实际工作中。     

水解-接触氧化工艺处理印染废水

针对印染废水的水质特点，本文采用水解酸化与接触氧化相结合的生化工艺对废水进行处理。水解酸化和好氧接触设计停留时间均为10h，运行结果表明，水解酸化单元可有效提高废水的可生化性，废水经水解酸化后B／C值可从0．2～0．3提高至0．4左右，有效保证了好氧接触处理效果。根据环保监测结果，COD一般在80mg／L，BOD，在10mg／L以下，COD去除率80％以上，BOD，去除率90％以上。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.