精神卫生服务需求与资源利用研究

目的掌握山东省精神卫生服务需求和精神卫生资源投入及利用现状。方法抽样调查全省精神疾病患病率及诊治情况,全面调查全省精神卫生资源现状。结果山东省精神疾病全人口患病率为１２２１‰,推算全省现患病人数为１０３０４２８例。１３１９％的患者接受过系统治疗;５２７６％的患者只接受过间断治疗;３４０５％的患者从未接受过治疗。全省共拥有精神科正规病床１０００７张,每万人拥有床位数为１２,精神科病床年平均使用率为８１６％。结论山东省精神卫生资源投入不足,并且存在着精神卫生资源的浪费。     

富阳市社区脑器质性精神障碍流行学调查

精神卫生是基本的公共卫生服务事业.作为全国精神病防治康复工作示范市的浙江省杭州市为了巩固和加强精神卫生工作,发布了<杭州市精神卫生条例>.为进一步了解社区精神疾病(包括脑器质性精神障碍病人)的流行情况,为制定相关防治措施提供基础依据,于2009年3-6月对杭州市市辖的富阳市居民进行精神疾病患病率、流行病学调查.现报告如下.     

精神卫生知识宣教对精神疾病患病率的影响

目的 探讨精神卫生知识宣教对精神疾病患病率的影响,为进行精神卫生知识宣教工作奠定夯实的基础,为减少我国精神病患者的人数和降低精神病的患病几率做出贡献。方法 选取2010年10月~2014年11月来我院进行治疗的患者1000例作为研究对象,采用问卷调查方式进行调查,1000份调查问卷全部有效回收。结果 经过调查,患者对于相关的精神卫生知识的知晓正确率为50.97%,在特殊阶段中,患者对于常见的精神疾病知识的知晓正确率为63.17%。并且,通过本次调查发现,患者对于精神卫生知识的知晓状况与文化程度有着密不可分的关系。结论 精神卫生知识宣教工作能够达到在精神病的早期让患者进行自我预防的目的,减少患病率。但是从调查来看,患者对精神疾病的普通常识和危害性认识不足,因此,精神卫生知识宣教工作亟需深入。     

青少年对精神卫生的知识以及态度：与年轻人建立伙伴关系项目内容之一

目的 :与年轻人建立伙伴关系项目 (ＰａｒｔｎｅｒｓｈｉｐｗｉｔｈＹｏｕｎｇＰｅｏｐｌｅＰｒｏｊｅｃｔ)是一项全国范围的精神卫生促进计划 ,其目标人群为儿童、青少年以及照顾他们的人。这个项目的主要目的之一是通过一项精神卫生调查了解年轻人怎样看待精神卫生 ,从而为进一步开发资源和制订策略提供信息。方法 :此次精神卫生调查由研究专家设计 ,调查对象是南澳大利亚州的 549名学生 ,这些学生分别来自该地区城市和公立中学。结果 :青少年通常把弱智与精神健康情况相联系(70 %的被调查者这样认为 ) ,其次是与精神疾病和心理障碍相联系…     

广州市某高校临床医学研究生精神卫生知识水平及对精神疾病的态度

目的调查广州市某高校临床医学研究生精神卫生知识及对精神疾病态度的情况和影响因素。方法使用卫计委编制的《精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷》和《精神疾病态度问卷》对152名由整群抽样抽取的临床医学研究生进行调查。结果受访研究生精神卫生知识得分为(17.43±1.79)分,知晓率为87.1%;其中12.5%的学生低于16分。受访研究生精神疾病态度得分为(38.1±6.2)分;其中7.2%的人低于30分。单因素分析显示,不同精神卫生信息获取情况的知识得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同精神卫生信息获取情况、不同患者接触经历的态度得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。相关分析显示,精神卫生知识得分与获取精神卫生信息获取呈正相关(P0.05);精神疾病态度得分与获取精神卫生信息、患者接触经历呈负相关(P0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,获取精神卫生信息的研究生精神卫生知识得分高(β=0.613,P0.05),接触过患者的研究生精神疾病态度得分低(β=-2.542,P0.05)。结论受访研究生精神卫生知识掌握较好,对精神疾病的态度正确,但仍有部分人未达到要求。     

社区精神疾病的医患双方对相关法律法规的认知情况

<正>为了解社区相关人群对精神疾病患者权益保护的认知状况,为开展社区精神卫生健康促进和精神卫生相关法律、法规知识教育提供依据,我们于2010年11—12月,在上海市某中心城区,对社区精神疾病患者、患者家属、医务人员和从事社区精神卫生工作人员(社工)等进行了精神卫生相关法律、法规的认知状况调查。     

热烈庆祝山东省精神卫生中心建院50周年暨山东省心理咨询中揭牌

山东省精神卫生中心位于济南风景秀丽的燕子山北麓。占地5.3万平方米，院内花木飘香，四季常青，环境幽雅，2万余平方米的现代化病房大楼宏伟壮观，格外引人注目。中心始建于1954年，1956年正式开诊，是山省惟一一家省级精神卫生专业机构。同时设有山东省心理咨询中心、山东省药物依赖治疗中心、山东省精神科临床质控中心、山东省精神疾病司法鉴定所、山东省精神医学研究所，担负着全省精神疾病的医疗、教学、科研、预防、康复、司法鉴定、心理咨询及对外交流等任务，是山东大学教学医院并设有精神病与精神卫生学硕士点。     

安徽省妇女心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓情况

目的了解2015年安徽省妇女心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓情况,分析影响心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓情况的因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对安徽省3 000名15-49岁妇女进行问卷调查,调查内容包括心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识知晓等情况。结果共调查2 994人,其中婚前医学检查对象1 000人(占33.4%)、孕妇996人(占33.3%)、一般居民998人(占33.3%)。心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识总体知晓率为79.7%,其中心理健康知识知晓率为93.0%,精神疾病预防知识知晓率为62.2%,"精神卫生纪念日"知识知晓率为24.7%。高年龄、较高文化程度、在职、城区居住是心理健康知识和精神疾病预防知识总体知晓率高的促进因素。结论安徽省妇女心理健康知识知晓率基本达标,但精神疾病预防知识知晓率和"精神卫生纪念日"知识知晓率有待提高。     

精神卫生资源配置与精神疾病服务供给的关系研究

目的分析2015年中国精神卫生资源配置和重性精神疾病管理相关服务的关系,分析当前中国精神卫生服务存在的缺陷,为精神卫生人力资源配置提供依据。方法使用Excel整理分析《中国卫生统计年鉴2016》和学者相关研究结果中的数据,采用SPSS分析精神卫生资源和服务供给之间的相关性。结果 2015年中国内地每10万人口精神科医师数量的均值为2.19人,每10万人口护理人员数量的均值为5.51人,每万人床位数为3.15张;精神科门急诊总人次为4005.1万人次,出院总人次为1987534人;精神卫生相关医生、床位和护士的数量和精神科门急诊人次、精神科出院人次存在相关关系(p<0.05),与重性精神疾病报告患病率、重性精神疾病患者规范管理率也存在相关关系(p<0.05)。结论不同省份之间精神卫生资源配置与服务供给不平衡,对社区精神疾病的管理和预防投入较少,资源配置与当前精神卫生服务的重点和发展趋势不匹配。     

热烈庆祝山东省精神卫生中心建院50周年

山东省精神卫生中心位于济南风景秀丽的燕子山北麓。占地5．3万平方米．院内花木飘香，四季常青．环境幽雅．2万余平方米的现代化病房大楼宏伟壮观，格外引人注目。中心始建于1954年，1956年正式开诊．是山东省惟一一家省级精神卫生专业机构。同时设有山东省心理咨询中心、山东省药物依赖治疗中心、山东省精神科临床质控中心、山东省精神疾病司法鉴定所、     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.