M1.95P2O7:0.05Eu3+（M=Ba,Sr,Ca）红色荧光粉的制备及其发光性能

以尿素为燃料,采用溶液燃烧法合成出M2P2O7:Eu3+(M=Ba,Sr,Ca)红色荧光粉。利用X射线衍射和荧光光谱研究了激活剂Eu3+对3种荧光粉晶体结构和发光性能的影响。结果表明,制得样品分别为纯相的六方晶系Ba2P2O7、正交晶系Sr2P2O7和四方晶系Ca2P2O7。光谱分析表明,M2P2O7:Eu3+(M=Ba,Sr,Ca)的激发峰位置和发射峰位置均基本相同。M1.95P2O7:0.05Eu3+(M=Ba,Ca)发射红光,其对应于5D0→7F2电偶极跃迁的612nm发射峰强度高于对应于5D0→7F1磁偶极跃迁的588nm和593nm发射峰,说明Eu3+在M2P2O7(M=Ba,Ca)基质中处于非对称格位;而Sr1.95P2O7:0.05Eu3+发射橙红光,Eu3+在Sr2P2O7基质中处于对称格位。在394nm激发下,M1.95P2O7:0.05Eu3+(M=Ba,Sr,Ca)的色度坐标分别为(0.35,0.21)、(0.24,0.15)、(0.35,0.21)。这3种荧光粉均能被394 nm紫外光和464 nm蓝光有效激发,发射红光或橙红光。     

蓝光激发的Na_2ZnSiO_4:Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉的合成及发光特性

以H3BO3作助熔剂,采用溶胶–凝胶法合成了Na2Zn Si O4:Eu3+红色荧光粉。用X射线衍射、荧光光谱分析对样品的结构及发光特性进行了表征,探讨了H3BO3助熔剂添加量和掺Eu3+量对Na2Zn Si O4:Eu3+发光性能的影响。结果表明:所得样品属于单斜晶系,样品的激发光谱主要由一系列线状谱峰组成,激发主峰为465 nm,归属于Eu3+的7F0→5D2特征跃迁。在波长为465 nm蓝光激发下发射红光,发射峰分别为578、591、613、653和701 nm,对应于Eu3+的5D0→7FJ(J=0,1,2,3,4)跃迁,发射主峰位于613 nm(5D0→7F2)处。当Eu3+和H3BO3的摩尔掺杂量分别为5%和0.8%时,样品的荧光发光强度最大。Na2Zn Si O4:Eu3+有望成为蓝光激发的白光发光二极管(w-LED)用红色荧光粉。     

燃烧法制备白光LED用红色荧光粉SrBPO_5∶Sm~(3+)及发光性能

用H3BO3作为助熔剂、尿素为燃料,采用燃烧法在较低的起始温度(650℃)下制备了的纳米级SrBPO5∶Sm3+红色荧光粉。研究了该荧光粉样品的相结构、形貌和发光特性。结果表明:SrBPO5∶Sm3+样品属于三方晶系,空间群为P3121;该荧光粉平均粒径为200nm、分散性较好。样品在近紫外光404nm的激发下发射红光,发射主峰位于558、596和645nm处,分别对应于Sm3+的4 G5/2→6 H5/2、4 G5/2→6 H7/2和4 G5/2→6 H9/2的跃迁;当Sm3+的最佳摩尔掺杂量为10%,对于既可作为助熔剂又是原料的H3BO3过量0.8%时,样品的发射峰强度最强。SrBPO5∶Sm3+有望成为近紫外激发的白光LED用新型红色荧光粉。     

白光LED用Ca0.5-yWO4∶Eu3+0.25,Li+0.25,Sm3+y红色荧光粉的合成及发光特性

采用固相法制备了白光LED红色荧光粉Ca0.71WO4∶Sm3+0.04,Li+0.25和Ca0.5-yWO4∶Eu3+0.25,Li+0.25,Sm3+y(y=0.00,0.02,0.04,0.06),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光分光光度计以及稳态/瞬态荧光光谱仪研究了荧光粉样品的物相、Sm3+的掺杂量对荧光粉发光性能以及荧光寿命的影响.XRD分析表明,合成的样品均为白钨矿结构.荧光光谱表明,所合成的系列荧光粉均可以被近紫外光(393 nm)和蓝光(464 nm)有效激发,其发射主峰位于615nm处,归属于Eu3+的5D0→7F2跃迁.发光衰减曲线表明,Sm3+的掺杂对荧光粉Ca0.5WO4∶Eu3+0.25,Li+0.25荧光寿命没有影响.实验结果表明,在系列Ca0.5-yWO4∶Eu3+0.25,Li+0.25,Sm3+y荧光粉中Sm3+的最佳掺杂量为4％(摩尔分数).     

SrIn2O4∶Sm3+的发光特性及其在发光二极管中的应用

采用高温固相法制备了SrIn2-xO4∶xSm3+红色荧光粉,研究了荧光粉的发光特性.在410nm近紫外光激发下,SrIn2O4∶Sm3+荧光粉呈红色光发射,发射光谱主峰位于607 nm,对应sm3+的4G5/2→6H7/2跃迁发射.研究了Sm3+掺杂量对荧光粉发射强度的影响,发现随Sm3+掺杂量的增大,荧光粉的发射强度先增大、后减小;Sm3+摩尔掺杂量为0.1时,发光强度最大;能量传递对应的临界距离Rc为1.2 nm,其浓度猝灭机理为电多极相互作用.此外,添加碱金属离子A+ (A=Li,Na,K)提高了荧光粉的发射强度,且以添加Na+时效果最好.将该荧光粉与405 nm n-UV芯片组合,获得了红光发射.     

红色荧光粉LiGd(MoO4)2:Sm3+的制备与性能

利用Sm3+作为激活剂采用高温固相法制备了LiGd1-x(MoO4)2:xSm3+(x=0,0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020,0.030,0.040,0.050,0.060,0.080,0.100)系列红色荧光材料.测量了荧光粉的X射线衍射谱、激发光谱和发射光谱.在紫外光的激发下,该荧光粉的发射光谱为峰值位于564、608、648nm的三峰谱线,其中位于648nm处的红光发射最强.监测648nm发射峰得到的材料的激发光谱为一峰值位于275nm的宽谱和主峰位于363、376、404nm的线状谱线,说明该荧光粉可被紫外光和近紫外光有效地激发.研究了Sm3+掺杂浓度对LiGd(MoO4)2:Sm3+荧光粉的各发射峰发光强度的影响,得出Sm3+的最佳掺杂量(摩尔分数)为3.0％.对浓度猝灭的原因进行了探讨,结果表明该荧光粉是一种较好的用于白光LED的红色发光材料.     

Li_2ZnSiO_4∶Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉的制备及其发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了适合于近紫外激发的Li2ZnSiO4∶Eu3+红色荧光粉,用X射线衍射、红外光谱和荧光光谱对样品进行了结构及发光性能表征。结果表明:合成样品为四方晶相Li2ZnSiO4晶体。样品的激发光谱由O2--→Eu3+电荷迁移带和Eu3+的离子特征激发峰组成。在波长为395nm的紫外激发下样品发射红光,发射主峰位于613nm,对应于Eu3+离子的5 D0→7 F2跃迁。随着Eu3+掺杂量的增加,其发光强度先增加后减小,Eu3+的最佳摩尔掺量为3.5%。     

BaMoO_4:Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉的制备及发光性质

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了BaMoO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉,差热(DSC) 和X射线衍射(XRD)研究结果表明,经过700 ℃高温烧结后可得到BaMoO4纯物相.粒度分析结果表明,经700 ℃烧结后样品的粒径约为 200 nm,随着烧结温度的升高,产物的粒径明显增大,当烧结温度为800 ℃时,样品的粒径约为 500 nm.分别以392 nm 的近紫外光和 462 nm 的可见光激发样品,BaMoO4:Eu3+荧光粉发红光,对应于Eu3+的4f-4f跃迁,其中以615 nm附近的5D0→7F2电偶极跃迁发光最强,当Eu3+的掺杂浓度约为25 mol %时,在616 nm处的发光强度最大.荧光粉在392 nm和462 nm的吸收分别与紫外光和蓝光LED芯片相匹配.因此,BaMoO4:Eu3+荧光粉是一种可能应用在白光LED上的红色荧光材料.     

稀土铕离子掺杂钨酸镧钡发光材料的制备及研究

采用高温固相法制备BaLa2WO7:Eu3+荧光粉,结果表明:BaLa2WO7晶体是属于单斜晶系结构,空间群P21/b,BaLa2WO7:Eu3+系列荧光粉可以被394 nm的近紫外光和464 nm可见光有效激发最强发射峰为620 nm的红光,属于Eu3+离子的5D0→7F2跃迁,并且当Eu3+的掺杂浓度为9%,焙烧温度为1300℃时荧光粉的发光性能最佳。     

Ca2B5O9Cl:Eu2+蓝色荧光粉的发光特性

采用高温固相法合成了Ca2B5O9Cl:Eu2 蓝色荧光粉,并对其发光性质进行了研究.该荧光粉在近紫外370 nm激发下的发射光谱为峰值位于453 nm的宽带发射,对应了Eu2 的4f65d→4f78S7/2特征跃迁发射.监测453nm的发射峰,得到其激发光谱为250～450nm的宽带,与产生350～410nm辐射的紫外发光二极管(ultraviolet light-emitting diode,UV-LED)管芯匹配很好.当CaCl2用量为理论用量的1.1倍,H3BO3用量为理论用量的1.3倍,Eu2 掺杂浓度为6%时,蓝光发射最强.Ca2B5O9Cl:Eu2 是适合UV-LED管芯激发的白光发光二极管用高亮度蓝色荧光粉.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。