球形DDNP制备技术研究

采用硫化钠直接中和还原苦味酸，采用盐酸单一加料法，通过自主研制的F-1晶型控制剂，制得高品质球形二硝基重氮酚（DDNP），平均粒径大于350μm，其100目筛上物达到95％以上，散装密度在0．70—0．90g·cm^-3范围可控，耐压性大于40MPa，流散性好，生产过程中没有细小结晶和爆炸性粉尘，产品得率比传统的DDNP制备工艺提高2％-3％，生产过程不需漂洗细小结晶工序，同时采用部分母液循环的办法，单位产品的工艺用水量为30-35 kg／kg（DDNP），目前已实现工业化生产。     

氨基苦味酸钠制备新技术研究

氨基苦味酸钠(简称钠盐)是制备DDNP的关键中间体,钠盐的结晶形貌和得率直接影响到DDNP的质量和得率。本文通过硫化钠直接还原苦味酸制得了利于重氮化反应的钠盐结晶。通过正交试验,考察了反应温度、硫化钠浓度、加料时间和搅拌速度对钠盐的影响。结果表明,制备钠盐的最佳条件为:反应温度55～60℃,硫化钠浓度12.5%,加料时间25min,搅拌速度155～160转/min。在此条件下,钠盐的得率提高了5%～10%,达到88%,DDNP得率提高了4%～8%。     

球形DDNP制备方法的改进研究

为了改善现有DDNP的质量,提高其流散性、耐压性,采用硫化钠直接还原苦味酸,代替传统的碳酸钠中和、硫化钠还原制取氨基苦味酸钠,采用自主研制的F-1晶形控制剂代替传统的连苯三酚,并且循环使用部分废水,制备出了球形DDNP.结果表明,新制备的球形DDNP的平均粒径大于350μm,表观密度为0.75～0.90g/cm~3,其耐压性大于40MPa,流散性好,对RDX的极限起爆药量为0.15g;并且,DDNP得率提高4%～8%,达到64%～65%(以苦味酸作为分母),产品的总废水量降为70～85kg/kg(以DDNP作为分母).     

2，4，7，9-四氮杂双环［4.3.0］壬酮合成工艺的改进

以乙二胺、乙二醛和脲为原料，通过曼尼希反应合成２，４，７，９－四氮杂双环「４．３．０」壬酮，研究了时间、温度、ｐＨ值等因素对合成反应得率的影响。通过改变加料顺序、控制反应温度和反应时间，使产物的得率由４２％提高到７６．１％。     

白腐真菌-泥炭净化处理DDNP废水

二硝基重氮酚(DDNP)是苯酚的硝基衍生物,是一种优良的起爆药,其生产废水中主要含有重氮基、硝基等难降解的化合物,有强酸或强碱性,且毒性高。DDNP生产产生的废水水质分析显示数量最大的是硝基类化合物。依据工厂实际,提出了用白腐真菌－泥炭处理DDNP废水的生化和物理方法。采用培养、驯化的白腐真菌时,废水处理条件为:泥炭添加量5%~9%; 温度(37±2)℃; pH值4.5±0.5; 硫酸锰加入量1 mg·L-1; 时间约7 d。出水结果显示:色度几乎为零,pH≈6.0,COD_cr≈120 mg·L-1,符合国家二级排放标准。      

硝酸肼镍起爆药应用于工业纸火雷管的研究

为解决DDNP 起爆药在雷管应用中存在的问题,提出采用硝酸三肼合镍(NHN)起爆药替代DDNP起爆药.根据NHN的基础性能,对工业8号纸火雷管的结构与工艺进行重新设计,并进行了性能试验.结果表明:采用NHN起爆药可克服DDNP起爆药带来的污染严重问题,生产工艺合理、产品性能安全可靠.     

利用锅炉烟气处理DDNP废水

介绍了利用锅炉烟气处理DDNP废水的技术,详细说明了脱硫、除尘的技术原理与工艺过程,确定设备为麻石除尘器.通过计算DDNP废水的处理量与实际应用,表明该技术能够满足废水处理的要求.     

C_6H_2(NO_2)_3ONH_4的晶形控制与性能表征

采用苦味酸和氨水制备出不敏感单质炸药苦味酸铵(C_6H_2(NO_2)_3ONH_4)。在此基础上研究晶形控制剂聚乙烯醇对苦味酸铵形貌及性能的影响,用SEM、XRD、DSC对其进行分析,并测试其撞击感度。结果表明:晶形控制的苦味酸铵性能有很大改观,其为粒径0.5μm的类球形,X射线的衍射角和特征峰没有变化,较原样品表观活化能提高4.701 k J·mol-1,热爆炸临界温度提高13.63℃,特征落高(H50)提高7.25%。研究表明通过晶形控制的苦味酸铵更钝感,具有较好的热安定性。     

硝酸异丙酯制备工艺研究

采用硝酸酯化法，在尿素和硝酸铵存在时，于１００℃下将异丙醇硝化制取硝酸异丙酯，得率可达８５％以上，纯度可达９８％以上。     

提高三乙醇胺硝酸盐得率的研究

对制取三乙醇胺硝酸盐工艺过程中影响产品得率的主要因素进行研究，得到提高产品得率的优化工艺条件。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.