国际工程施工延误费用索赔的应用

通过对当前国际工程承包市场的施工延误现状的分析,论述施工延误费用索赔在国际工程经营管理中的重要性。并介绍某国际工程如何应用合同赋予承包商的合法权益,获取施工延误所造成的费用损失的赔偿。     

劳务分包工程施工中的索赔

索赔工作是工程承包合同管理工作中的一项重要内容,索赔是否成功也是衡量工程合同管理成功与否的重要因素。对于国际工程承包施工管理来说,索赔是维护施工合同双方合法利益的一项根本性管理措施。 小浪底水利枢纽进水塔工程是中国水利水电第十四工程局于1996年9月以劳务分包的形式从外国承包商手中分包的工程,施工中的索赔与反索赔是在承包商和分包商(我方)之间进行的。该工程开工以来,承包商从施工中的材料浪费、施工机具损坏、安全措施、工程质量等方面向我方进行索赔。我方也在     

国际承包工程中的施工索赔

本文分析了目前国际承包市场的状况，重点阐述了发生施工索赔的主要原因，同时对进行施工索赔的主要理由进行了分析，并罗列出承包商在施工索赔过程中常见的一些错误，以给承包商更多的启示。     

对FIDIC施工合同条件下承包商索赔的探讨

工程施工索赔是承包商保护和实现自身正当权益的一种重要手段。本文从工程索赔的概念与性质出发,通过对新版FIDIC《施工合同条件》的研究,介绍了施工合同中作为承包商索赔依据的明示、默示条款,探讨了该合同条件下的承包商索赔费用和工期的计算,为工程管理者提供参考。     

浅谈工程施工索赔

索赔是在工程承包合同履行过程中，当事人一方由于另一方未履行合同所规定的义务而遭受损失时，向另一方提出赔偿的行为。水利工程建设项目由于规模大，工期长，结构复杂，受自然条件的影响大等特点，实施过程中存在着风险和众多不确定因素。因此在承包工程实际中，索赔是经常发生的正常现象，只有全面了解索赔的起因、种类及掌握索赔的计算方法，才能做好反索赔工作，从而有效控制工程投资。１施工索赔的计算在国际承包工程市场上，一般称工程承包方提出的索赔为施工索赔，即由于业主或其它方面的原因，致使承包商在项目施工中付出了额外的…     

浅析国际水电工程应用P3进度计划进行工期索赔

国际水电工程一般投资大,工期持续几年,同时在项目投入运行后发电效益好,所以业主对工期要求特别严格,在合同中制定多个工程进展里程碑。在水电项目执行过程中,如果工程进展没有达到规定的里程碑,承包商将面临工期延误罚款,单项工程罚款金额在1万美元1天不等,几项工程合计达10万美元1天不等,工期罚款金额巨大。因此,国际水电工程承包商在实施项目时应充分重视工期索赔工作。应用P3进度计划进行工期索赔管理是国际工程项目管理的重要内容,也是进行工期索赔工作的基础。国际水电工程承包商应掌握P3进度计划在工程项目工期索赔中的应用,以提高自身的索赔能力和市场竞争力。     

工程施工索赔意识和索赔管理

分析了工程施工索赔现状及承包商的索赔意识,论述了工程施工索赔管理要点,以期对工程承包商施工索赔管理提供参考。     

关于国际水利工程工期延误的费用索赔浅析

在国际水利工程施工中，由于现场自然条件的改变（而非承包商的原因)引起工程量的增加，势必会导致工期延误和施工费用的增加．给承包商造成工期和经济损失。对于这些损失．承包商只有通过索赔来维护其合理的利益。为了合理地进行索赔工作．对索赔原因、索赔费用构成、索赔费用计算等方面进行了分析．分析的内容对施工单位承包国际水利工程有一定的参考价值。     

黄河小浪底水利水电工程索赔及其处理

水利水电工程规模宏大,施工条件复杂,在整个工程建设中,承包商经常会以各种理由或后续法规等提出索赔.为此,结合小浪底水利枢纽工程国际招标项目的合同管理、索赔处理的实践经验,对水利水电工程索赔进行探讨.     

FIDIC施工合同条件下的承包商索赔探讨

工程施工索赔是承包商保护和实现自身正当权益的一种重要手段。从工程索赔的概念与性质出发，通过对新版FlDIC《施工合同条件》的研究，介绍了施工合同中作为承包商索赔依据的明示、默示条款，探讨了该合同条件下的承包商索赔费用和从期的计算，为工程管理者提供了参考。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.