热处理对载银抗菌二氧化硅多孔材料结构和性能的影响

用有机-无机杂化工艺制备载银抗菌二氧化硅多孔块体材料。考察热处理制度对抗菌块体的制备及结构、银价态、银离子释放速度、抗菌性能的影响。600℃热处理的抗菌块体紫外-可见吸收光谱表明：SiO2载体中富含银离子,并且此抗菌块体在水中能保持较长期(14d)的稳定溶出。抗菌实验显示此材料对大肠杆菌有良好的抑菌、杀菌作用。     

离子交换法合成非晶态铝硅酸盐抗菌材料研究

合成了以非晶态铝硅酸盐为基体,银离子作为主要抗菌成分的无机抗菌剂粉体。通过改变离子交换反应中溶液的抗菌离子浓度、反应时间等因素,探讨了用离子交换法制备载银非晶态铝硅酸盐抗菌粉体的最佳工艺和条件。利用电子显微镜扫描技术、X射线衍射技术和抗菌性能测试,对非晶态铝硅酸盐及其抗菌材料的结构与性能进行表征与考察。研究表明：非晶态铝硅酸盐粒径较小,粒径分布范围窄,具有良好的离子交换和吸附性能。恒温下载银的离子交换反应,必须严格控制pH值,应注意银离子浓度不宜大于0．3mol／L。同时载入锌离子或铜离子,并不与银离子明显地互相干扰,相反有利于稳定无机抗菌剂中银离子的存在。所合成的抗菌材料样品,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和绿脓杆菌等,均表现出良好的抗菌、抑菌性能。     

PP-R管材专用抗菌母料的制备

采用载银无机抗菌剂制得PP-R管材专用抗菌母料，研究了抗菌母料对PP-R管材的抗菌性能、力学性能、耐光性、安全卫生性的影响。结果表明：该抗菌母料属实际无毒级物质；随着抗菌母料的增加，PP-R抗菌管材的抗菌性能增加，当抗菌母料的质量分数为4％时，即抗菌剂在PP-R管材中的质量分数为1％时，PP-R抗菌塑料的性价比最佳；表面处理过的抗菌剂在PP-R中分布均匀、无团聚现象，与PP-R基体树脂具有良好的相容性。添加4％抗菌母料的PP-R抗菌管材对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌的抗菌率都达到99％以上，具有高效、广谱抗菌性能；经55℃的去离子水浸泡16h后，抗菌性能下降较小，具有长效抗菌性能；通过240h的光老化实验后，平均色差为1．36，无明显变色，光老化性能优良；力学性能与空白PP-R管材相当，卫生安全性能符合国家有关食品卫生检验标准。     

抗菌聚丙烯的制备及其性能

以粉状聚丙烯（PP）为原料，选取银系、锌系、银锌复配抗菌剂，采用熔融挤出法，通过双螺杆挤出机制备了抗菌PP，考察了抗菌剂种类对PP性能的影响，并研究了抗菌PP的抗菌防霉性能、耐黄变性、抗菌长久性。结果表明：无机抗菌剂在PP内分散良好；抗菌剂对PP力学性能、结晶性能无明显影响；制备的抗菌PP均表现出了较好的抗菌、防霉性能，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率不低于99.8%，防霉等级达0级；抗菌PP具有较好的耐黄变性及一定的抗菌长久性。     

载银纳米二氧化硅抗菌粉体材料的制备

研究了以平均粒径13nm的二氧化硅为载体，银单质为抗菌剂的载银纳米抗菌粉体材料的制备工艺及抗菌性能。通过化学还原法在其表面负载理论含量为0．7％～4％（质量分数）金属银，采用抑菌环法和振荡烧瓶法对其抗菌性能进行了检测，结果表明，载银3％（质量分数）的纳米二氧化硅在80～140℃烧结温度范围内制得抗菌粉体对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率几乎达到100％，具有优良的抗菌性能，可用于抗菌塑料、抗菌食品包装和抗菌纺织制品等领域。     

聚丙烯／余斗发沸石基抗菌剂抗菌塑料的制备及其性能研究

制备了Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌剂，结合正交试验得出了制备Cu^2＋型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件。将各型抗菌剂与聚丙烯（PP）、接枝PP混熔后制得高浓度抗菌母粒，再按一定比例加入到PP中制备PP抗菌塑料，并对PP抗菌塑料的力学性能和抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明：制备各型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件为交换温度60℃、交换时间8h、交换液浓度为0．08mol／L；加入3％的抗菌母粒（或1．5％的抗菌剂）对PP力学性能的影响较小，PP抗菌塑料具有良好的抗细菌性能，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都超过95％。此外，Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌塑料中存在Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋协同抗菌效应。     

具有代表性的无机抗菌剂及其特征

详细地介绍了几种无机抗菌剂和抗菌材料（如银沸石系列抗菌剂和抗菌玻璃）的物理性质,化学性质和抗菌性能及在各个方面的应用。     

抗菌粉末涂料

以无机氧化物包覆银离子抗菌剂制备的抗菌粉末涂料抑菌效果好、时效长。介绍抗菌添加剂 ,抗菌粉末涂料的涂膜性能及抗菌效果。     

氧化铈掺杂复合无机抗菌剂在LDPE中的应用研究

以氧化饰、无机抗菌剂、低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）等为原料，采用掺杂复合、双辊混炼等方法，制备抗菌LDPE材料，并进行分散性能、抗菌抑菌性能、力学性能的分析测试；结果表明：氧化铈掺杂复合无机抗菌剂，可改善无机抗菌剂与LDPE树脂的相容性．提高无机抗菌剂在LDPE材料中的分散均匀性。增强抗菌LDPE材料的抑菌性能和力学性能。     

聚丙烯抗菌塑料的研制

先将自制载银沸石无机抗菌剂表面处理，再与聚丙烯（PP）混合，经双螺杆挤出得到高浓度的抗菌母粒，然后按一定比例添加到PP中制备抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌剂的添加量对PP抗菌母粒抗菌性能的影响，抗菌剂在PP抗菌塑料中的分散性，以及PP抗菌塑料的抗菌性能、力学性能。结果表明，含质量分数1％抗菌剂的抗菌母粒PP在抗菌塑料中分散均匀，基体力学性能不受影响，其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等的抗菌率都达到96％以上，具有长效抗菌性能以及良好的缓释性能。     

载银煤/LLDPE抗菌复合材料

采用固-液吸附及熔融挤出相结合的方法制备一种新型的栽银煤/LLDPE抗菌复合材料(ACCPE).利用现代分析测试手段如IR、XRD、SEM对制备的复合材料进行表征.探讨复合材料的机械性能、流变性能、Ag~+释放特性及抗菌性能.结果表明:复合材料具有良好的机械性能、加工性能和抗菌性能,并且在大肠杆菌的抗菌实验中,Ag~+与煤显示出良好的加合作用.     

Activity of antibacterial compounds immobilised on montmorillonite

The activities of antibacterial compounds, such as cetylpyridinium (CP), cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA), silver ions and metallic silver, immobilised on montmorillonite (MMT), were tested in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium bacteria. The results of bacterial growth tests were confirmed by determination of the minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs). Unlike CP and CTA, the intercalated silver ions were easily released from MMT by ion-exchange with Na⁺ and acted as very effective antibacterial substances in the long term. Their bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects were determined. Generally, antibacterial compounds are effective when they are released from an inorganic carrier. Metallic silver was prepared by reduction of intercalated Ag⁺ with sodium borohydride. Antibacterial effects of metallic silver were not observed.     

Antibacterial activity of resin-containing triethylenetetramine side chains and/or thiol groups–metal complexes

Four chelating resins containing triethylenetetramine side chains and/or thiol groups were made from macroreticular 2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate, styrene–divinylbenzene (DVB), or methyl methacrylate–DVB copolymer beads, and then the resins bearing metal ions such as Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ were made. The antibacterial activity of the resins bearing metal ions against Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was investigated. The resins containing thiol groups showed the higher adsorption capacity for silver ions than for other metal ions. The resins, which contain both triethylenetetramine side chains and thiol groups, bearing silver ions (RE-TTA-Ag) exhibited high antibacterial activity against bacteria, especially E. coli, without the residual silver ions in water after contacting with bacteria. The activity of the RE-TTA-Ag did not decrease even after reusing several time. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

高补强水合硅抗菌剂的制备及抗菌效果探讨

我国抗菌产业在短短的几年时间内已成长为一个年产值超700亿元的新产业。迄今为止所报道的无机抗菌剂虽然添加到制品中或多或少有一定的抗菌效果,但在分散性、吸附性及补强性方面均比较弱。本文采用来源较广泛且价格便宜的硫酸与泡花碱在银离子附载情况下以双股流工艺合成一种抗菌率高、加工性好的绿色环保的无机水合硅抗菌剂,具有合成工艺简单,成本低,抗色变性好,同时具有高补强高分散性等优点,对大肠杆菌抗菌率达100%,特别适用于抗菌塑料加工制品等领域。通过研究探讨合成条件对产品外观、性能及抗菌效果的影响,以及添加剂对银离子氧化色变问题的预防,经研究最佳的附载工艺为恒温95℃,恒搅拌速度400r/min,pH值为2,水合硅浆料与附载离子摩尔比为50∶1,添加剂与浆料溶液质量比为0.05%。     

Effect of crosslinker feed content on catalaytic activity of silver nanoparticles fabricated in multiresponsive microgels

We investigated the effect of crosslinking density of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels on catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles fabricated hybrid microgels. Multiresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with 2, 4, 6 and 8 mole percentage of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. These microgels were characterized by dynamic light scattering and were used as microreactors to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Hybrid system was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of hybrid microgels with different crosslinker content was compared by studying the reduction of pnitrophenol as a model reaction. Kinetics of reaction was monitored by spectrophotometry. The value of the apparent rate constant decreases from 0.568 to 0.313min^?1, when content of crosslinker are increased from 2 to 8 mole percentage respectively. This decreases in value of apparent rate constant is due to increase in diffusional barrier offered by high crosslinking of polymer network at high mole percentages of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide.     

Purification of water from heavy metal of lead by nanocomposite of Ce-TZP/Al2O3

In this study, nanocomposites of Ce-TZP/Al₂O₃ with four different mole percent of alumina from 20% to 80% were prepared by aqueous combustion synthesis method and effects of alumina mole fraction on the adsorption of lead ions were investigated. Lead (Pb²⁺) ion adsorption process was performed at the temperature of 25°C, contact time of 100 minutes for all the samples. The results showed that as the alumina content increases in the nanocomposite, the adsorption capacity of lead increases which was 63.72% for the nanocomposite containing 80% alumina. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy were applied to characterize the powders and the samples after the adsorption reaction.     

掺杂Eu~(3+)或Tb~(3+)的(Gd,Lu)_2O_3粉体的发光性能

采用高温固相法在空气中合成了(Od,Lu)2O3,(Gd,Lu)2O3:Eu3+和(Gd,Lu)2O3:Tb3+系粉体.研究了二元系中Lu2O3的摩尔分数对抑制Gd2O3高温相变、粉体的发光性质和光谱性质的影响.结果表明:在(Gd,Lu)2O3系粉体中,当Lu2O3的摩尔分数(下同)大于40%时,能在煅烧温度不低于1 700℃情况下,抑制Gd2O3的相变得到利于制备透明陶瓷的立方相结构.而且随着Lu3+离子的浓度增加,先后观察到红移和蓝移现象;在(Gd,Lu)203:Eu3+系粉体中,粉体的发光强度随着Lu3+掺杂量增加而减小,Eu3+的最佳掺杂量为7%;在(Gd,Lu)2O3:Tb3+系粉体中,Tb3+离子的最佳掺量为1%.     

磷酸盐抗菌粉体的研究及应用

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了以磷酸钙为载体的Ag+系无机抗菌粉体,通过不同的反应条件,如反应物浓度、pH值及焙烧温度等对粒子影响的比较,从中获得了最佳的反应条件.最后再将其配入涂料中制得一种新型抗菌涂料,经抗菌测试表明,用这种抗菌粉体制得的涂料具有良好的抗菌效果.     

载银/铜NaA分子筛的制备及抗菌性能研究

探讨了液相离子交换法制备载银/铜NaA分子筛抗菌剂的实验条件,并对载银/铜NaA分子筛样品中载银、铜的含量,抗变色性能及对大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌的抗菌性进行检测。结果表明,与单独载银的NaA分子筛相比,载银/铜NaA分子筛中银和铜含量分别达到5.5%和1.6%,色差更小,抗菌性显著提高。