浅议炼油厂循环水水质持续改进

针对中国石油吉林石化公司炼油厂循环水存在的问题,采取了新型复合缓蚀阻垢剂、杀菌剂优选、水冷器工艺改进、旁滤改造、物料泄漏处理方法的创新等改进措施,取得明显的处理效果;为其他炼油厂循环水水质改进提供了借鉴.     

中央空调环保型水处理剂的研究及应用

根据郑州华联商贸城中央空调循环水系统的水质情况和结垢分析,结合郑州地区水质特点,制备了一种新型低磷环保型的水质处理剂HL-08,其磷含量≤5%(以PO(3-)4).静态、旋转挂片、动态试验及在中央空调循环水系统中的实际应用结果表明,该处理剂缓蚀阻垢效果良好,循环水排污水中磷质量浓度<1.0mg/L(以P计),符合国标(...     

新安化工有机硅厂循环水无磷缓蚀药剂的开发与应用

文章扼要地介绍了中海油天津化工研究设计院针对浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司有机硅厂循环水系统无磷缓蚀药剂的开发和现场运行方案。新安化工有机硅厂补充水水质属于低硬度低碱度,在采用无磷缓蚀药剂解决排放问题的同时,取得了令人满意的应用效果。     

无磷药剂在中低碱度硬度水系统中的应用研究

采用静态及动态模拟实验法对自主开发的无磷药剂在中低碱度、硬度水系统中的综合缓蚀、阻垢性能进行了应用研究,分别考察了不同浓缩倍率条件下的缓蚀、阻垢性能。实验结果表明,无磷药剂配方在极低硬度、低碱度水质和中等碱度、硬度条件下,其综合缓蚀、阻垢性能良好,能够有效满足中低碱度、硬度循环水系统的缓蚀阻垢需求。     

低浓缩倍数的水质稳定方法

工业循环水的水质稳定技术一般采用缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌、剥离药剂。进口大化肥装置的水质稳定方法大都是高浓缩倍数下的复合配方。我厂为中型化肥厂,循环水水稳处理采用L—2配方在低浓缩倍数下运行的方案,效果显著并有较大的经济收益。简单介绍如下:     

高频吸垢技术在循环冷却水处理中的应用

高频吸垢水处理技术是一种采用纯物理方法对循环水进行处理的新技术,它通过特殊的高频电流彻底改变水质,使循环水变成具有杀菌、除垢、除锈、防垢、防锈的小分子还原水,增强循环水的溶解、渗透能力。生产实践表明,采用高频吸垢水处理技术水质能达到广东省循环水质标准中的各项要求,不仅在吸垢缓蚀方面取得明显效果,而且可大幅度节省水的消耗。     

无磷缓蚀剂在中碱中硬水质中对A3碳钢的缓蚀性能

开发了一种酰胺类无磷缓蚀剂,在中碱度中硬度水质中进行了缓蚀应用研究。选用A3碳钢作为测试对象,采用旋转挂片失重法和电化学阻抗法对酰胺类无磷缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行研究。测试结果表明,该酰胺类无磷缓蚀剂在中碱度中硬度的循环水水质下具有良好的缓蚀性能,能够有效地满足循环水系统的金属缓蚀需求。     

工业循环冷却水成套水处理技术的研究与应用

中海油天津化工研究设计院设计开发的缓蚀阻垢水处理技术,能够使腐蚀性水质的海水淡化水成功地作为补充水应用于循环冷却水系统,保证循环水稳定运行,确保正常生产。     

大氮肥循环水系统腐蚀率偏高的原因分析

针对氮肥厂循环水系统出现的腐蚀问题,分析腐蚀主要原因为氨带来的pH值波动、微生物繁殖和缓蚀阻垢剂缓蚀性能不足所致.采取相应措施后循环水水质明显改善,腐蚀得到有效控制.     

循环水系统全面优化升级改造

正山东晋煤明水化工集团有限公司现有6套循环水系统,规模较大,用水量较多。为了降低pH和提高杀菌效果,在循环水系统中分别加入HCl和NaClO,使循环水中Cl~-和Na~+增加很多,这些离子均是腐蚀促进剂,对设备防腐不利,因此被迫加大系统排污及增加缓蚀剂量。为改善循环水现状、减少一次水用量、提高循环水水质、降低用水     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.