氯霉素乙酰基转移酶基因在家蚕核型多角体病毒P10基因启动子控制下的表达

昆虫核型多角体病毒(NPV)P10基因属于晚期基因,为强启动子所控制,又是病毒复制所非必需的基因。我们对前报的家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)P10基因,应用PCR技术进行ATG区定点突变,在ATG被突变的同时形成一个BglⅡ酶切位点,得到一个不含ATG的BmNPV P10基因启动子。将长为230bp的经突变后的BmNPV P10基因5’端(包括启动子所有特征)片段克隆进pMMTV·CAT质粒中,构建成一个CAT基因在BmNPV P10基因启动子控制下的pBmPl0·CAT瞬间表达质粒。该质粒通过转染进入经野生型BmNPV感染的BmN细胞中,CAT得以表达。证明BmNPV P10启动子是比较强的启动子,可以在BmN细胞表达外源基因,具备了作为表达载体启动子的特性。     

家蚕BmNPV多角体蛋白与外源蛋白共包埋入多角体的研究

为了探索家蚕核型多角体病毒多角体的包装特性,构建了一种不形成多角体但能大量表达绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的重组病毒vBmBac(polh-)-5B-EGFP,将其与野生型BmNPV共同感染BmN细胞,于荧光显微镜下观察到EGFP与多角体可以在同一细胞中同时表达。从感染的BmN细胞中收集纯化多角体,观察到多角体能被激发出绿色荧光,进一步利用Western blot证实多角体中含有EGFP。上述结果表明,多角体可以将自身病毒粒子以外的其他病毒粒子的成分包装进入多角体,表明多角体的包装机制中存在非特异性识别机制。     

异源多角体蛋白对家蚕核型多角体病毒粒子的包装

利用PCR方法从AcMNPV基因组DNA中分离出多角体蛋白基因 ,将该扩增片段克隆到转移载体pBacPAK8中 ,得到重组转移载体pOAc。将该质粒DNA与线性化的Bm BacPAK6病毒基因组DNA共传染BmN细胞 ,得到了能形成多角体且不产生蓝色空斑的重组病毒hp BmNPV。纯化该重组病毒的多角体颗粒 ,并对多角体蛋白、病毒核酸及多角体病毒颗粒进行分析 ,发现AcMNPV的多角体蛋白能在家蚕细胞中大量表达且能在细胞内识别家蚕核型多角体病毒并组装成多角体颗粒 ;病毒基因组DNA因部分交换 ,其酶切行为发生了相应的变化 ;电镜观察发现经AcMNPV多角体蛋白包装的家蚕核型多角体病毒的多角体颗粒大小为1 2 μm～ 2 9μm ,明显小于野生型家蚕核型多角体病毒的多角体颗粒     

家蚕核型多角体病毒BmNPV泛素基因缺失显著降低病毒增殖效率北大核心

【目的】泛素是一类进化上高度保守的、由76个氨基酸组成的多肽,是蛋白质泛素化修饰过程中所必需的底物分子,蛋白质泛素化修饰异常会影响宿主的生长和发育。家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV)基因orf26是一个编码病毒泛素的基因,其在病毒增殖中的具体功能尚不清楚。【方法】本研究利用同源重组的方法将氯霉素(chloramphenicol)基因(Cm)表达盒替换家蚕杆状病毒泛素基因序列3’端的50个碱基对序列,构建携带Cm表达盒的重组BmNPV病毒基因组(Bm-Bacmid^(Ub-KO)),利用转座原理将绿色荧光蛋白基因(green fluorescent protein,gfp)表达盒插入Bm-Bacmid^(Ub-KO)和野生型Bm-Bacmid^(WT)转座位点,构建重组质粒Bm-Bacmid^(Ub-KO-GFP)和Bm-Bacmid^(WT-GFP),以及异位互补型的质粒Bm-Bacmid^(GFP-Ub Rep)。这些重组病毒分别转染家蚕卵巢细胞(Bombyx mori ovarian cell,BmN)后,对转染后的细胞进行绿色荧光观察。【结果】泛素基因缺失后不影响感染性病毒粒子的产生,但与野生型相比,泛素缺失型重组病毒明显降低了感染的细胞中产生的绿色荧光数量。免疫印迹分析表明,泛素缺失后降低重组病毒结构蛋白GP64和VP39在细胞中的表达水平,显著降低病毒增殖效率。生物分析表明,泛素缺失的重组病毒能延缓家蚕半致死时间15 h。【结论】BmNPV泛素基因缺失不影响感染性病毒粒子的产生,但显著降低病毒增殖效率。本研究为阐明泛素在BmNPV增殖中的具体作用提供了实验依据。     

零背景转座技术高效构建重组家蚕杆状病毒表达系统

摘要：【目的】获得零转座背景的基于家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus, BmNPV) Bac-to-Bac 系统,为高效经济构建重组BmNPV在家蚕体内表达目标蛋白提供新系统。【方法】利用R6Kγ作为复制子构建新的条件复制型杆状病毒转移载体pRADM,同时封闭BmNPV-Bacmid（BmBacmid）宿主菌（Escherichia coli BmDH10Bac）的Tn7转座受体位点attTn7,获得新的封闭型宿主菌E.coli BmDH10Bac△Tn7。【结果】由于pRADM无法在宿主菌E.coli BmDH10Bac中复制,封闭了attTn7位点的宿主菌也不能再和BmBacmid竞争与转移载体的重组,显著提高了转座效率。封闭宿主菌的attTn7位点,能使转座效率提高近4倍,使用条件复制型转座载体pRADM时,转座效率提高近10倍。而用pRADM转座E.coli BmDH10Bac△Tn7时,转座阳性率为100％。避免了获得重组病毒DNA的鉴定程序,缩短了获得重组蛋白所需时间。用携带红色荧光蛋白基因DsRed的重组质粒pRADM-Red转座E.coli BmDH10Bac△Tn7,获得重组BmBacmid转染BmN细胞,红色荧光蛋白在细胞中得到高效表达。【结论】结果表明pRADM和E.coli BmDH10Bac△Tn7是一种零背景高效构建重组BmNPV的新系统。     

家蚕核型多角体病毒同源重复区hr5的结构和功能

家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)和首蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)是宿主不同的同类昆虫杆状病毒.AcMNPV有5个同源重复区,hr5具较强增强子功能,最近被发现可能参与病毒DNA复制.Maeda等曾将BmNPV hrs图谱定位,最近又报道了BmNPV hr s的结构,但功能研究至今未见报道.与Maeda等同时,从野生型BmNPV基因组中克隆了hr 5区,进行了全序列测定,与Maeda等的报道有一定差别.功能分析证实,含BmNPV hr 5的质粒在辅助病毒存在下,不仅在宿主细胞(BmN)中能进行复制,而且在非宿主细胞 Sf 21中亦能进行复制.此外,不仅完整的BmNPV hr 5(含 8个重复单位),而且部分序列(含6个重复单位)亦显示上述功能.以上研究结果,并对hr 5在病毒 DNA复制过程中可能有的功能进行了探讨.     

利用BmNPV-家蚕表达系统包装重组腺相关病毒2型（rAAV2）研究

腺相关病毒（adeno-associated virus,AAV）是基因治疗中最常用的病毒载体之一,目前用于基因治疗的AAV多利用苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒表达系统（AcMNPV-sf9）包装,但较高的包装成本限制了AAV在基因治疗中的广泛应用。家蚕杆状病毒表达系统与AcMNPV-sf9系统相比,具有包装量更高、成本更低的优势,因此更适用于包装重组腺相关病毒（recombinant adeno-associated virus,rAAV）。首先,将AAV2功能基因cap和rep进行序列优化后合成,克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pVL1393上,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白（enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP）基因和荧光素酶（luciferase,Luc）基因分别作为报告基因克隆到含有巨噬细胞病毒IE（cytomegalovirus-IE,CMV-IE）启动子的病毒转移载体pVL1393-ITRs-MCS上。随后,将构建好的转移载体分别与缺陷型家蚕杆状病毒reBmBac共转染BmN细胞系,获得分别重组有cap、rep和报告基因的家蚕杆状病毒（Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV）。再将纯化的重组病毒（reBm-Cap2、reBm-Rep2）与reBm-EGFP、reBm-Luc分别混合后感染家蚕,收获其表达产物,纯化得到含有目的基因的rAAV病毒。利用rAAV病毒感染哺乳动物细胞后,通过检测EGFP、Luc的表达状态来验证rAAV包装成功与否。结果显示,利用家蚕杆状病毒系统成功包装了rAAV2,并且在哺乳动物细胞中实现了报告基因的表达。     

以核多角体病毒为载体在家蚕中生产外源蛋白

以家蚕核多角体病毒(BmNPV)为载体,在家蚕幼虫或家蚕培养细胞系中表达的外源基因越来越多,其表达的产物已涉及到医用药物、医疗诊断、疫苗生产、生物防治等诸多领域,文章就BmNPV的特性及其基因组构造,多角体蛋白基因的特性,重组BmNPV的构建及其在家蚕幼虫体内和细胞系中的表达,BmNPV-家蚕表达系统的外源蛋白生产效率及其应用等各个方面作了全面、系统的综述.     

利用优化改造的家蚕杆状病毒表达系统提高NS1表达产量

为优化家蚕杆状病毒表达系统,提高外源基因的表达产量。文中通过同源重组技术,用串联的氯霉素基因(Cm)表达盒和绿色荧光蛋白基因(egfp)表达盒将其替换,从而获得Chitinase和Cystein Protease两个基因缺失的家蚕杆状病毒载体。通过转座,将多角体启动子控制的家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)ns1基因表达盒,定点插入到改造后的该分子载体中。将重组载体转染Bm N细胞,获得能表达家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)NS1的缺失型重组病毒;另外,将多角体启动子控制的ns1基因转座到野生型Bm-bacmid中,获得能表达Bm BDV NS1的野生型重组病毒。将这两种病毒分别皮下注射家蚕,对感染后的家蚕血液中NS1表达水平进行比较,发现缺失Chitinase和Cystein Protease重组病毒感染的家蚕血液中,NS1的表达量是对照组的3倍,从而建立了一种高效表达可溶性NS1蛋白的方法,为靶蛋白的结构与功能研究奠定基础。     

创建可视化的家蚕杆状病毒表达系统表达家蚕二分浓核病毒非结构蛋白NS1

重组杆状病毒感染昆虫细胞是表达外源蛋白常用的一种方法。为有效鉴定转染的细胞中是否产生了重组病毒粒子,对质粒pFastBacI进行改造,构建了极早期基因ie1启动子控制的绿色荧光蛋白egfp基因表达盒,以及多角体基因启动子控制的外源DNA的一个通用型双表达载体;通过酶切、连接的方式,将家蚕二分浓核病毒ns1基因连接到多角体启动子下游;在转座酶的介导下,该供体质粒上部分序列可转座到穿梭载体Bm-Bacmid上,进而构建可同时表达egfp和ns1基因的重组杆粒。将构建的该重组杆粒DNA转染BmN细胞,通过观察可视化的绿色荧光信号,可迅速判定转染后的细胞中重组病毒粒子产生的情况,收集转染后的细胞培养上清,将其感染BmN细胞,对感染4 d后的细胞总蛋白进行Western blotting分析,结果表明能杂交到一条36 kDa大小的特异蛋白,表明NS1蛋白成功获得了表达,进而为深入研究ns1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

转座子介导的多角体基因表达及提高病毒粒子的感染效率

现行的杆状病毒表达外源基因的方法是将外源基因取代病毒中的多角体基因,因而得到的重组杆状病毒感染活体时不能经口感染,只能进行针刺注射,效率低且易引起活体感染其他疾病。将家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mor inucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV)中的多角体基因(polyhedrin,poly)及其启动子片段克隆到转座子载体pigA3GFP中,将其与辅助质粒pHA3PIG利用脂质体介导法导入家蚕细胞中,经过多次筛选获得稳定的转基因家蚕细胞。之后先将BmPAK6(含LacZ)及BmGFP(含GFP)重组病毒分别感染转基因细胞,再将得到的重组病毒经口感染5龄家蚕幼虫。结果显示,重组杆状病毒可以经口感染家蚕幼虫。这些研究表明来自于转基因家蚕细胞的poly基因表达产物可以提高重组杆状病毒经口感染家蚕率,为解决杆状病毒表达系统中重组病毒不能经口感染家蚕幼虫的问题提供新思路。     

Use of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and an insect baculovirus vector for high-level expression and secretion of biologically active mouse interleukin-3

Using the virus vector derived from a baculovirus of Bombyx mori (Bm), we constructed an infectious recombinant virus carrying the mouse interleukin-3 (IL-3) cDNA placed downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. Silkworms infected in vivo with recombinant virus or the silkworm-derived BmN cell line infected in vitro secreted large amounts of IL-3 into hemolymph or culture medium, respectively. On a per volume basis, about 20-fold more activity was found in the culture supernatants of the infected BmN cells and 10000-fold more activity was detected in the hemolymph as compared to supernatants obtained from COS7 monkey cells transfected with plasmid pcD-IL3 using the SV40 early promoter [Yokota et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 (1984) 1070-1074]. Three distinct species of Il-3 of molecular masses, 18, 20 and 22 kDa were produced and all were converted to a 15-kDa protein by N-glycanase digestion, indicating that silkworm cells glycosylated IL-3. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the IL-3 purified from tissue culture medium and hemolymph were identical to that of mammalian-derived IL-3, showing that silkworm cells recognized the mammalian signal sequence and cleaved it at the correct position. The purified silkworm-produced IL-3 had biological activities indistinguishable from IL-3 produced by mammalian cells as assessed by mast-cell proliferation assays, colony-formation assays using mouse bone marrow cells, and by receptor-binding assays using [125I]IL-3.     

人促红细胞生成素基因在家蚕体中的高效表达

人促红细胞生成素(EPO)是一种调控红系干细胞增殖、分化和成熟的糖蛋白激素。将合成的EPO cDNA插入杆状病毒转移载体pBlueBacⅢ,使其置于Ph基因强启动子控制之下,获得了转移载体pBlueBacEPO。将pBlueBacEPO DNA与野生型BmNPV DNA共转染BmN细胞,经空斑纯化,获插入EPO cDNA的重组病毒rBmNPVEPO。经Sonthern杂交和PCR扩增鉴定证明人EPO基因已正确组建于BmNPV的预定位置。将重组病毒rBmNPVEPO穿刺接种5龄幼虫和蛹,收集感染第3～5d的幼虫血淋巴和3～6.5d蛹血淋巴。用ELISA检测幼虫血淋巴中EPO表达量高达62800u/mL,蛹血淋巴中表达量达74000u/mL。Western blot结果显示幼虫血淋巴和蛹血淋巴均有一条明显的免疫杂交带,分子量均约为26kD。用TF1细胞对幼虫表达产物进行了生物活性测定,每毫升血淋巴中EPO活性约为63000u。     

Construction of the Bac-to-Bac System of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedroviru

To construct the Bac-to-Bac expression system of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus(BmNPV),a transfer vector was constructed which contained an Escherichia coli(E.coli)mini-F replicon and a lacZ:attTN7:lacZ cassette within the upstream and downstream regions of the BmNPV polyhedrin gene.B.mori larvae were cotransfected with wild-type BmNPV genomic DNA and the transfer vector through subcutaneous injection to generate recombinant viruses by homologous recombination in vivo.The genomic DNA of budded viruses extracted from the hemolymph of the transfected larvae was used to transform E.coli DH10B.Recombinant bacmids were screened by kanamycin resistance,PCR and restriction enzyme(REN)digestion.One of the bacmid colonies,BmBacJS13,which had similar REN profiles to that of wild-type BmNPV,was selected for further research.To investigate the infectivity of BmBacJS13,the polyhedrin gene was introduced into the bacmid and the resultant recombinant(BmBacJS13-ph)was transfected to BmN cells.The budded viruses were collected from the supernatant of the transfected cells and used for infecting BmN cells.Growth curve analysis indicated that BmBacJS13-ph had a similar growth curve to that of wild-type BmNPV.Bio-assays indicated that BmBacJS13-ph was also infectious to B.mori larvae.     

Construction of the Bac-to-Bac System of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedroviru

To construct the Bac-to-Bac expression system of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), a transfer vector was constructed which contained an Escherichia coli (E. coli) mini-F replicon and a lacZ: attTN7: lacZ cassette within the upstream and downstream regions of the BmNPV polyhedrin gene. B. mori larvae were cotransfected with wild-type BmNPV genomic DNA and the transfer vector through subcutaneous injection to generate recombinant viruses by homologous recombination in vivo. The genomic DNA of budded viruses extracted from the hemolymph of the transfected larvae was used to transform E. coli DH10B. Recombinant bacmids were screened by kanamycin resistance, PCR and restriction enzyme (REN) digestion. One of the bacmid colonies, BmBacJS13, which had similar REN profiles to that of wild-type BmNPV, was selected for further research. To investigate the infectivity of BmBacJS13, the polyhedrin gene was introduced into the bacmid and the resultant recombinant (BmBacJS13-ph) was transfected to BmN cells. The budded viruses were collected from the supernatant of the transfected cells and used for infecting BmN cells. Growth curve analysis indicated that BmBacJS13-ph had a similar growth curve to that of wild-type BmNPV. Bio-assays indicated that BmBacJS13-ph was also infectious to B. mori larvae.     

家蚕表达人表皮生长因子gp67信号肽融合蛋白及生物活性的研究

人表皮生长因子(hEGF), 一种由53个氨基酸残基组成的单链多肽, 具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要探讨家蚕表达人表皮生长因子gp67信号肽融合蛋白的生物活性。采用家蚕杆状病毒表达系统来表达该信号肽融合蛋白。构建了重组质粒pBacPAKS-hEGF, 将该重组质粒与线性化病毒Bm-BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕细胞, 筛选获得重组病毒vBacPAK-SEGF, 用vBacPAK-SEGF感染家蚕BmN细胞和五龄蚕, Western blot检测表明在家蚕细胞、五岭幼虫的血淋巴和蛹中均有约12 kD的目的蛋白表达。ELISA检测发现在家蚕细胞中的表达量为23 mg/ 106细胞, 五龄幼虫中的表达量可达到82 mg/mL血淋巴。利用小鼠成纤维细胞Balb/c3T3分析家蚕表达的hEGF信号肽融合蛋白的生物活性, 结果表明表达产物能显著促进Balb/c3T3细胞的增值。另外, 研究还发现hEGF信号肽融合蛋白可使新生ICR小鼠体重增 加, 睁眼和萌齿时间提前。本研究为进一步开发利用家蚕表达的hEGF提供理论基础。     

Abnormal formation of polyhedra resulting from a single mutation in the polyhedrin gene of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus

A spontaneous mutant that produces a single abnormally large cubic polyhedron per infected cell was isolated from a polyhedra-positive recombinant Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Both wild-type and mutant virus produce two forms of virus particles, budded virions and occluded virions. However, occluded virions are not found within the polyhedra of cells infected with mutant virus, as with the wild-type virus. These large cubic polyhedra do not have the typical lattice-like structure normally seen in wild-type polyhedra and are noninfectious. Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (SF9) cells which were infected with this virus had low infectivity to larvae. No significant alterations were found in the viral genome by restriction enzyme analysis, and no mutations were found in the 25K gene. A single point mutation resulting in an amino acid change of Gly25 to Asp was identified in the polyhedrin gene. A transfer vector containing the entire polyhedrin gene including the point mutation was constructed and used to cotransfect Sf9 cells with a polyhedron-negative recombinant virus. Large cubic polyhedra were once again observed, confirming that the Gly25 to Asp mutation is responsible for the formation of abnormal polyhedra.     

人GDNF在甲醇酵母及家蚕幼虫中的表达

将人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)基因克隆入酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,酶切线性化后电穿孔导入酵母细胞进行整合,经G418筛选得到多拷贝转化子,甲醇诱导表达。将人GDNF基因克隆入昆虫病毒转移载体pBacPAK8中,与线性化Bm-BacPAK6修饰病毒基因组DNA共转染家蚕细胞,经体内重组,筛选到重组病毒。用重组病毒感染家蚕幼虫,5d后收集血淋巴。SDS-PAGE和蛋白质印迹杂交结果证实了酵母培养上清液及家蚕幼虫血淋巴中含有GDNF蛋白。活性研究表明,甲醇酵母及家蚕幼虫表达的GDNF蛋白能促进多巴胺能神经元的存活和突起生长。     

Identification and characterization of the p35 gene of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus that prevents virus-induced apoptosis.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) genome revealed the existence of a gene homologous to the p35 gene of Autographa californica NPV (AcNPV), which has been shown to prevent virus-induced apoptosis. The BmNPV p35 gene showed 96.1% nucleotide and 89.6% predicted amino acid sequence identity to the AcNPV p35 gene. A mutant BmNPV (BmP35Z) lacking a functional p35 gene induced apoptosis-like cell degradation in infected BmN cells. However, unlike the p35-deleted AcNPV mutant (vAcAnh), BmP35Z replicated normally and produced polyhedral inclusion bodies. The patterns of protein synthesis and the percentages of viable BmN cells remaining following infection with either wild-type BmNPV or BmP35Z were nearly identical. BmP35Z also replicated in silkworm larvae without showing any apparent apoptotic response in infected hemocytes, fat body, or other tissues. Time to death of larvae infected with BmP35Z was similar to that for wild-type-infected larvae, and significant numbers of polyhedral inclusion bodies were produced. These results indicate that viral factors (or genes) other than p35 or host cell factors play a role in inducing, accelerating, or interfering with apoptotic processes. The evolution of baculovirus genomes is also discussed with reference to comparative analysis of the p35 and p94 gene sequences. The p94 gene is found immediately upstream of p35 in AcNPV; in BmNPV, however, the p94 gene was nearly completely missing, presumably because of large deletions in a BmNPV ancestor virus having a gene similar to the AcNPV p94 gene.