锂离子电池LiLa_(0.02)Mn_(1.98)O_4正极材料的合成及电化学性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用液相无焰燃烧法制备单晶多面体LiLa_(0.02)Mn_(1.98)O_4材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段对材料的结构和形貌进行分析,并通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等测试分析材料的电化学性能。结果表明:掺杂La^(3+)没有改变LiMn_(2)O_(4)的尖晶石结构。在25℃、1C和5C倍率条件下,LiLa_(0.02)Mn_(1.98)O_4初始放电比容量分别为112.7和94.5mA·h/g,循环500次后,LiLa_(0.02)Mn_(1.98)O_4的容量保持率为64.42%和81.45%,而LiMn_(2)O_(4)样品的容量保持率分别为53.69%和56.9%;特别是在10C高倍率下,LiMn_(2)O_(4)样品的初始放电比容量仅有44.7mA·h/g,同样条件下,LiLa_(0.02)Mn_(1.98)O_4首次放电比容量达73.5mA·h/g,循环500次后,容量保持率为81.09%。CV和EIS测试发现,掺杂后的材料有较好的循环可逆性,较大的锂离子扩散系数1.04×10^(-16)cm^(2)/s,对循环2000次后的极片进行分析,材料的晶体结构和颗粒形貌基本没有变化,适量的La掺杂能够稳定材料的晶体结构,有效抑制Jahn-Teller,提高材料的循环性能。     

NaV1-xCrxPO4F的合成及电化学性能

采用高温固相法合成掺杂改性的NaV1-xCrxPO4F(x=0,0.04,0.08)作为钠离子电池正极材料。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对材料的晶体结构和形貌进行表征。从材料的晶体结构、恒流充放电测试和循环性能等方面分析掺杂元素Cr在改善材料性能中的作用。结果表明:掺Cr后的材料电化学循环稳定性得到较好的改善,首次放电容量达到83.3 mA.h/g,效率高达90.3%,循环20次后可逆容量保持率仍然有91.4%。     

尖晶石/层状异质结构xLiM_2O_4?(1-x)LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2锂离子电池正极材料的制备及电化学性能

采用原位诱导法制备得到了一系列x Li M_2O_4?(1-x)Li Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2(M=Ni,Co,Mn;x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)尖晶石/层状异质结构复合材料。借助X射线衍射、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、恒电流间歇滴定技术和恒电流充放电测试表征手段对材料的晶体结构、微观形貌和电化学性能进行了研究。电化学性能结果表明:x=0.2材料的倍率性能和循环性能最佳,在2.7~4.3 V、1C下循环100次后,放电比容量为137 m A?h/g,容量保持率为93%;10C时的放电比容量为112 m A?h/g,相比于原始Li Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2材料在10C的放电比容量(95 m A?h/g)有较大提高。此外,快充慢放能力测试也证实了该材料的结构稳定,其在5C充、1C放的充放电机制下,循环100次后的放电比容量还能高达120 m A?h/g,容量保持率为87%。恒电流间歇滴定技术(GITT)的结果表明。x=0.2材料的D_(Li+)值比原始Li Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2材料的要高出一个数量级,说明尖晶石相的引入从根本上改善了材料的电化学性能。     

导电Ti_3O_5包覆纳米铝粉的制备及其作为双离子电池负极材料的电化学性能（英文）

采用导电的Ti_3O_5作为外壳包覆纳米铝粉制备了Al@Ti_3O_5核壳结构材料,并将其作为负极材料应用到双离子电池(DIB)中。使用中间相碳微球(MCMB)作为正极材料,Al@Ti_3O_5作为负极材料制作Al@Ti_3O_5-MCMB双离子电池。结果表明,电池的放电平台可达4.5 V,在电流倍率0.5 C下(电流基于正极石墨的理论比容量计算,1 C=372 mAh·g~(-1))放电比容量达到130.6 mAh·g~(-1),比能量密度为278.8 Wh·kg~(-1)。并且在高倍率5 C下循环1000次过程中容量基本保持110 m Ah·g~(-1)不变,循环后容量保持率达到92.9%。     

Cr~(3+)掺杂LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料的制备及性能

采用高温固相法合成了Cr~(3+)掺杂的LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4正极材料,研究了掺杂量对材料物理性能和电化学性能的影响。利用XRD、SEM对材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果显示,样品具有棱边清晰的尖晶石形貌。讨论了不同Cr~(3+)掺杂量对LiCrxNi_(0.5-0.5x)Mn_(1.5-0.5x)O_4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)正极材料性能的影响。充放电测试、循环伏安和交流阻抗测试结果表明:当Cr~(3+)的掺杂量为x=0.1时(LiCr_(0.1)Ni_(0.45)Mn_(1.45)O_4)正极材料的性能最好,0.1、0.5、1、2及5 C的首次放电比容量依次为131.54、126.84、121.28、116.49和96.82 mAh·g~(-1),1 C倍率下循环50次,容量保持率仍为96.5%。     

LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C的合成及电化学性能

采用高温固相法合成Ni2+、Mn2+共掺杂的LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C正极材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和电化学测试技术等研究材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。结果表明:Ni2+和Mn2+共掺杂后的LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C材料仍然具有LiFePO4/C橄榄石型晶体结构,且掺杂后材料的放电比容量和循环性能都得到显著改善。在0.1C和1C下放电时,未掺杂LiFePO4/C的首次放电比容量仅分别为153和140 mA.h/g,而Ni2+、Mn2+共掺杂的LiFe0.95Ni0.02Mn0.03PO4/C材料首次放电比容量分别为165和145 mA.h/g,且在1C下循环100次后容量保持率仍然为97.6%。     

高压实密度LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2正极材料的制备及性能

将Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)(OH)_2前驱体、碳酸锂与H_3BO_3按一定配比高效混合,采用固相烧结法制备高压实密度LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2粉体正极材料,探讨H_3BO_3添加量对正极材料物理性能、极片压实密度及电化学性能的影响。使用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料的物理性能,将正极材料制作成软包装全电池,并对其电化学性能进行测试。结果表明:H_3BO_3具有助熔作用;能增加一次粉体正极材料颗粒的粒径,并提高颗粒致密度,对正极材料的晶体结构没有影响,但对正极材料粒径、pH、比表面积及振实密度等产生影响。将H_3BO_3添加量为0.6%(质量分数)时制备的LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2正极材料制成正极片后,其极限压实密度最高达到3.9 g/cm~3;与采用常规LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2正极材料制成的正极片(压实密度≤3.5 g/cm~3)相比,其体积能量密度提高约11.4%;0.5C首次放电比容量为153.64(mA·h)/g,1C循环首次放电比容量为152.22(mA.h)/g,100次循环容量保持率为96.99%,其综合电化学性能优于常规LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2正极材料的。     

F~-掺杂LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料的制备及性能研究

为改善LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4的倍率性能和循环性能,采用二步固相法制备了F-掺杂的LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4-x)F_x(x=0,0.05,0.1,015,0.2)正极材料,讨论了不同F掺杂量对材料性能的影响。X射线衍射、扫描电镜结果表明,掺杂和未掺杂的正极材料都为单一的尖晶石结构,粒度分布均匀。充放电测试、循环伏安和交流阻抗测试结果表明:当F的掺杂量为x=0.1时(LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(3.9)F_(0.1))正极材料的性能最好,0.1,0.5,1,2及5C倍率的首次放电比容量依次为129.07,123.59,118.49,114.49和92.57 mAh/g。1C倍率下循环30次,容量保持率仍为98.84%。     

LiFePO4/C锂离子电池正极材料的电化学性能

以碳凝胶作为碳添加剂,采用固相法制备了复合型LiFePO4/C锂离子电池正极材料.研究了不同掺碳量对样品性能的影响.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和碳硫(质量分数)分析方法对所得样品的晶体结构、表面形貌、含碳量进行分析研究.结果表明:样品中的碳含量(质量分数)分别为0%、5%、10%、22%,所得样品均为单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,碳的加入使LiFePO4颗粒粒径减小.另外,碳分散于晶体颗粒之间,增强了颗粒之间的导电性.合成样品的电化学性能测试结果表明,掺碳后的LiFePO4放电比容量和循环性能都得到显著改善.其中,含碳量为22%的LiFePO4/C在0.1 C倍率下放电,首次放电容量达143.4 mA·h/g,充放电循环6次后电容量为142.7 mA·h/g,容量仅衰减0.7%.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO_4/C复合材料及其性能

为了提高LiFePO4的电化学性能,以柠檬酸为络合剂和碳源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO4/C复合正极材料。采用FTIR和XRD等对前驱体及产物进行表征,并测试样品的电化学性能。结果表明:经700℃烧结10h所得产物具有单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,碳含量为10.81%(质量分数)。样品在0.1C下首次放电比容量为127.1mA·h/g,在0.2C、0.5C、1C下首次放电比容量分别为106.1、83.3、70.6mA·h/g。该样品在0.1C下经过20次循环后,容量还保持为126.3mA·h/g,衰减仅为0.035%。循环伏安和交流阻抗测试表明该材料具有较好的电化学性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.