切削介质对微细铣刀磨损影响的试验研究

在微细铣削加工中,尚缺乏切削介质对刀具磨损影响的研究.在干切削、浇灌切削液、微量切削液和低温冷风介质下,对6061铝合金进行了微细铣削试验,研究了刀具的磨损形式和机理、不同切削介质对刀具磨损、切削力和表面粗糙度Ra的影响规律.同时,确定出能减小刀具磨损和切削力,提高加工质量的最佳切削介质.结果表明:四种切削介质下刀具磨损的形式不完全相同,粘结磨损与磨粒磨损是造成刀具磨损的主要机理;切削力和表面粗糙度Ra的变化趋势可以辅助判断刀具磨损情况;相比于其它切削介质,微量切削液介质下刀具磨损小,切削力低,工件表面质量好,是微细铣削6061铝合金的最佳切削介质.为深入研究微细铣削刀具磨损和实际加工中选择切削介质有一定的参考价值.     

切削介质对微细铣刀磨损影响的试验研究

在微细铣削加工中,尚缺乏切削介质对刀具磨损影响的研究.在干切削、浇灌切削液、微量切削液和低温冷风介质下,对6061铝合金进行了微细铣削试验,研究了刀具的磨损形式和机理、不同切削介质对刀具磨损、切削力和表面粗糙度Ra的影响规律.同时,确定出能减小刀具磨损和切削力,提高加工质量的最佳切削介质.结果表明:四种切削介质下刀具磨损的形式不完全相同,粘结磨损与磨粒磨损是造成刀具磨损的主要机理;切削力和表面粗糙度Ra的变化趋势可以辅助判断刀具磨损情况;相比于其它切削介质,微量切削液介质下刀具磨损小,切削力低,工件表面质量好,是微细铣削6061铝合金的最佳切削介质.为深入研究微细铣削刀具磨损和实际加工中选择切削介质有一定的参考价值.     

椭圆振动辅助切削振动参数对加工SiCp/Al切削力的影响研究

为了研究椭圆振动辅助切削SiCp/Al复合材料的材料去除机理以及不同振动参数对切削力产生的影响,运用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立二维平面的SiCp/Al复合材料切削模型,对比前人不同切削深度下测得切削力的实验数据验证模型正确性,进行椭圆振动辅助切削仿真研究。仿真结果表明,相位差为π/2时平均主切削力和吃刀抗力最小;随着振动频率的增大,平均主切削力和吃刀抗力都有着减小的趋势;X方向振幅对主切削力和吃刀抗力有着显著影响,X方向振幅增大,切削力减小;Y方向振幅增大,主切削力减小但吃刀抗力略有增大。     

NAK80模具钢铣削加工过程中切削力系数识别

在铣削加工过程中,切削力系数会影响加工表面质量和切削参数的选择。为了得到NAK80模具钢铣削加工切削力系数,建立了适应多种工况下的铣削力系数经验模型,通过正交铣削实验分析了立铣NAK80模具钢时各切削参数对三向铣削力系数的影响规律,并采用偏最小二乘法对铣削力系数的二次多项式经验模型进行识别。利用已建立的切削力模型和得到的铣削力系数对一组切削参数下的铣削力进行仿真分析,得出结果与实际实验对比吻合,验证铣削力模型的正确性。     

微径球头铣刀铣削力建模与仿真

以微径球头铣刀铣削力为研究对象,分析了刀具刃线模型.将刀具沿刀轴方向离散为若干切削单元,分别依照单齿切削及两齿切削求得各切削单元的实际瞬时切削厚度.基于实体造型的方法提取了参与切削的切削刃段,并通过实验识别了瞬时切削力系数及主轴径向跳动参数,建立了综合考虑主轴径向跳动、微细铣削所特有的尺度效应的影响及可能出现的单齿切削现象的微径球头铣刀铣削力模型.实验结果验证了所提模型的有效性和可行性.     

高速面铣加工的动态铣削力和刀具振动研究

基于力学式切削力预测方法建立了面铣刀动态铣削模型,该模型充分考虑切削厚度、刀具前角和刀具后刀面磨损对铣削力的影响.在Matlab/Simulink环境下,进行了动态铣削力和刀具振动仿真及其频谱分析,并根据仿真结果对转速、齿数、刀具磨损量等影响因素进行了分析验证,该模型有利于揭示各切削参数对动态铣削力和刀具振动的影响规律,从而为实现切削加工参数优化提供理论支持.     

SiCp/Al轴向超声振动微铣削的切削特性试验研究

针对SiCp/Al复合材料微铣削刀具易磨损、难以获得高质量加工表面的问题,对40%体积分数的SiCp/Al复合材料采用轴向超声振动进行辅助微铣削,根据轴向超声振动微铣削的切削特点,通过试验研究铣削力信号的幅频特性,三向切削力随主轴转速、切削深度和每齿进给量的变化规律,并与普通微铣削进行和对比。结果表明:采用轴向超声振动辅助微铣削,三向铣削分力都呈现出随主轴转速先增大再缓慢减小的趋势,可使3个方向的铣削力减小10%～50%。     

低温冷风高速铣削TB6钛合金切削力建模与分析

通过TB6钛合金高速铣削试验,研究低温冷风条件下硬质合金立铣刀高速切削高强度合金的切削力变化规律。建立切削力多元二次回归预测模型,运用方差分析检验模型的拟合度,建立模型特征曲面。结果表明:建立的铣削力模型预测值与实测值有较高的一致性;每齿进给量和铣削深度对铣削力影响极显著;冷却条件不同,切削参数交互项对切削力有着不同的影响效果。     

超声振动铣削加工参数对切削力的影响

为了改善传统铣削钛合金的加工条件,研究了进给方向超声振动辅助铣削对切削力的影响。定值计算了不同振动频率、振幅、铣削速度时的净切削时间比,建立了对工件施加超声振动的铣削加工三维有限元模型,根据仿真结果讨论了加工参数对进给方向切削力瞬时值的影响,并结合净切削时间比分析了加工参数对三个方向切削力平均值的影响。研究表明:施加超声振动后切削力明显减小;振动频率小于40kHz和振幅小于30μm时切削力平均值同净切削时间比变化趋势一致,当频率或振幅超过上述值时,刀具、工件间的摩擦力对切削力平均值的影响显著。     

钛合金Ti6Al4V铣削力试验分析

对钛合金Ti6Al4V进行了铣削试验,测量了铣削过程中的切削力.利用最小二乘法对试验数据进行回归分析,建立了切削力的经验模型,得出了切削参数对切削力的影响规律,为优化切削参数、研究切削机理提供了参考依据.     

Zr基大块非晶合金在过冷液相区超塑性成形的摩擦行为及机理研究

采用双杯挤压方法研究了成形温度、应变速率等工艺参数对Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30块体非晶合金在过冷液相区塑性成形时模具和零件之间的摩擦行为的影响。采用有限元模拟方法获得大块非晶合金双杯挤压的摩擦因数标定曲线,有限元模拟中非晶合金的变形采用Kawamura的本构模型,将高温压缩实验的数据拟合,获得本构模型中的参数,结果表明非晶合金在过冷液相区内变形的摩擦因数在0.2~0.7之间。当应变速率较低时,随着温度的升高,摩擦因数总体上降低;而当应变速率较高时,随着温度的升高,摩擦因数先略有上升,然后急剧下降。当温度较低时,随着应变速率增大,摩擦因数显著增大,而在高温时,随着应变速率增大,摩擦因数略微有所减小。按照现代摩擦理论对非晶合金在过冷液相区内成形的摩擦机理进行了分析,认为黏着是摩擦的主导因素。     

WC-Ni3Al硬质合金切削奥氏体不锈钢的切削力及磨损研究

采用正交试验法对WC-Ni3Al硬质合金刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢过程中的切削力及磨损性能进行研究,并对切削深度、进给量以及切削速度对切削力的影响进行分析。利用指数回归分析建立主切削力的经验公式,结合切削用量显著性分析对主切削力进行了对比分析。试验表明:切削深度对切削力的影响最大;与WC-Co硬质合金相比,WC-Ni3Al硬质合金刀具的切削力以及后刀面磨损均优于WC-Co刀具。     

高强度钢高速加工时切削力尺度效应特征规律研究

在切削速度118m/min～463m/min,每齿进给量0.078mm/z～0.2mm/z,切削深度0.2mm～1mm范围内,研究高速端面铣削某新型高强度钢材料(>42HRc、抗拉强度σb>1.2GPa)过程中切削力的变化规律,考察切削用量对铣削力的交互影响与尺度效应规律,并从切削变形机理上进行讨论与分析,使用残差分析与最小二乘法等统计方法,建立切削力与切削用量经验公式。研究结果表明:高速铣削时,切削深度、每齿进给量和两者之间的交互作用为对主切削力有显著影响的效应因素;该类型高强度钢的单位铣削力为45调质钢的1.0729倍～1.7917倍;非自由切削过程在高速切削条件下将会引发切削力的尺度效应。     

Experimental investigation of the three-component forces in finish dry hard turning of hardened tool steel at different hardness levels

In this paper, the effects of cutting speed, depth of cut, feed, workpiece hardness (51, 55, 58, 62, and 65?±?1 HRC), tool flank wear, and nose radius on three-component forces in finish dry hard turning (FDHT) of the hardened tool steel AISI D2 were experimentally investigated by utilizing the PCBN inserts. Experimental results showed that the feed force is the lowest in three-component forces and influence of cutting parameters on it is less than two others in the FDHT of AISI D2. Values of the radial force are higher than those of the cutting force when cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed range from 75 to 301 m/min, and 0.10 to 0.40 and 0.05 to 0.20 mm, respectively, but lower in the range between 0.8- and 1.6-mm nose radius. Values of the cutting force are higher than those of the radial force as the workpiece hardness varies from 51 to 58?±?1 HRC while lower in the range between 62 and 65?±?1 HRC. Besides, there are relations between the changing laws of three-component forces and the softening effect of chip, cohesion effect in the tool–chip junction zone, and intenerating effect of metal in the workpiece surface. The high flank wear formation increases the contact with workpiece surface and hence induces tearing–drawing and welding effect duo to instantaneous high temperature.     

Mechanistic modeling of cutting forces in micro-end-milling considering tool run out,minimum chip thickness and tooth overlapping effects

This work proposed an improved mechanistic model for prediction of cutting forces in micro-milling process. The combined influences of tool run out, trochoidal trajectory of the tool center, overlapping of tooth, edge radius and minimum chip thickness are incorporated in this model to realize the exact cutting phenomenon. Moreover, an improved undeformed chip thickness algorithm has been presented by considering tool run out, minimum chip thickness and trajectory of all passing teeth for one complete revolution of the tool instead of only the current tooth trajectory. For estimation of tool run out, a model based on the geometry of the two fluted end mill cutter has been developed. Effects of trochoidal trajectory of the tool center and tool run out are found to be significant as each tooth has a different chip load. Further, the effect of minimum chip thickness is found to be significant at lower feed value. The proposed model has been validated by micro-milling experiments on Ti6Al4V-titanium alloys using uncoated flat end mill cutter. The predicted cutting forces were found to be in good agreement with the experimental cutting forces in both feed and cross feed directions.     

基于正交试验的高速切削淬硬模具钢的切削力研究

通过正交设计方案,对淬硬到60HRC的冷作模具钢Cr12MoV进行高速车削切削力试验,分析了切削用量和刀具变量对切削力的影响规律,并建立了切削力的经验公式。得到如下结论:切削用量中,切削速度对切削力影响最小,进给量和背吃刀量对切削力影响较大;三个方向力中,轴向力最小,径向力和主切削力相接近,与常规切削相比,径向力偏大;小刀尖圆弧半径的PCBN刀具是进行高速切削淬硬钢时的理想刀具;经验公式预测值与实测值之间存在约5%-20%的误差。     

微细铣削硬铝时切削用量对表面粗糙度的影响

利用自研的三轴微小型立式数控铣床和微径立铣刀(直径小于1mm),通过双因素及中心复合实验设计的方法,分析微细铣削硬铝LY12过程中的铣削参数(包括每齿进给量、轴向切深、主轴转速、刀具直径以及刀具悬伸量)对工件表面粗糙度的影响,重点探讨了每齿进给量和轴向切深对表面粗糙度的交互影响,并建立了数学模型,为微细铣削工艺参数的选择和表面质量的控制提供了基本依据。     

Prediction of cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness of Al6061/SiC composite for end milling operations using RSM

The results of mathematical modeling and the experimental investigation on the machinability of aluminium (Al6061) silicon carbide particulate (SiCp) metal matrix composite (MMC) during end milling process is analyzed. The machining was difficult to cut the material because of its hardness and wear resistance due to its abrasive nature of reinforcement element. The influence of machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius on the cutting force has been investigated. The influence of the length of machining on the tool wear and the machining parameters on the surface finish criteria have been determined through the response surface methodology (RSM) prediction model. The prediction model is also used to determine the combined effect of machining parameters on the cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness. The results of the model were compared with the experimental results and found to be good agreement with them. The results of prediction model help in the selection of process parameters to reduce the cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness, which ensures quality of milling processes.     

Energy Dissipation and Tool-Workpiece Contact in Ultra-Precision Machining

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the dissipation of mechanical energy when machining at depths of cut less than several micrometers. Cutting and thrust forces which resulted in the orthogonal ultra-precision flycutting of Al 6061-T6 were measured over a range of depth of cut of 20 μ-m down to 0.01 μm at a cutting speed of 0.8 m-sec^?1. Measurement of the tool-workpiece contact length indicated that it may become the characteristic length scale when machining al submicrometer depths of cut. Evidence suggests that the process may be viewed as transitioning from a cutting-dominant to plowing/sliding indentation-dominant process. Tool edge condition was seen to have a significant effect on the resulting forces when the depth of cut was below the tool edge radius.     

Effect of tilted plate vibration on solidification and microstructural and mechanical properties of semisolid cast and heat-treated A356 Al alloy

To optimize the machining process, finding the minimum uncut chip thickness is of paramount importance in micro-scale machining. However, strong dependency of the minimum uncut chip thickness to the tool geometry, workpiece material, tool-work friction, and process condition makes its evaluation complicated. The paper focuses on determination of the minimum uncut chip thickness experimentally during micro-end milling of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with respect to influences of cutting parameters and lubricating systems. Experiments were carried out on a CNC machining center Kern Evo with two flute end mills of 0.8 and 2 mm diameters being used in the tests for micro- and macro-milling, respectively. It was found that the micro-milling caused more size effect than macro-milling due to higher surface micro-hardness and specific cutting forces. The specific cutting force depended strongly on feed rate (f _z) and lubricating system, followed by depth of cut (a _p) and cutting speed (v _c), mainly in the micro-scale. All output parameters were inversely proportional to the specific cutting force. Finally, depending on different process parameters during micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V, the minimum uncut chip thickness was found to vary between 0.15 and 0.49 of the tool edge radius.