高直链玉米淀粉/羟丙基甲基纤维素可食性膜的制备及性能研究

以高直链玉米淀粉(HACS)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为主要成膜基材,采用溶液流延法制备了HACS/HPMC可食性膜。研究了不同配比的HACS与HPMC对可食性膜的结晶性能、力学性能、亲水性能和水蒸气阻隔性能等的影响。结果表明,随着HPMC比例的增大,HACS与HPMC之间的氢键作用减弱,复合膜的水溶性增大,连续相由HACS转变为HPMC,但HACS与HPMC的相容性变差。HPMC可有效降低可食性膜的结晶程度并抑制其在储藏过程中的老化。在复合膜中,当HACS与HPMC比例为8∶2时,可食性膜具有最大抗拉强度(7.5 MPa)、断裂伸长率(14.7%)、水接触角(84.33°)和最低水蒸气透过系数(2.17×10~(-10 )g·m·m~(-2)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1))。纯HACS膜和纯HPMC膜的透光性能均优于HACS/HPMC复合膜。     

辣根素和壳聚糖复合涂膜对草莓保鲜的影响

以1.25%的壳聚糖为涂膜基质,通过添加辣根素,分别配制了辣根素质量分数为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%的辣根素/壳聚糖复合涂膜液。以蒸馏水作为对照组,通过浸泡处理,考察不同辣根素浓度对室温下草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的辣根素/壳聚糖复合膜涂液均能在一定程度上抑制草莓失重率和腐烂指数的上升,同时可延缓可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、VC含量和还原糖含量的下降,其中,浓度为0.6%的辣根素/壳聚糖复合保鲜液对草莓的保鲜效果最佳。因此,辣根素/壳聚糖可以作为天然抗菌膜液控制草莓表皮微生物的生长,延长果实的贮藏期。     

不同浓度壳聚糖涂膜对贡柑贮藏品质的影响

以贡柑为研究对象,研究不同浓度(0.5%、1%、1.5%)壳聚糖涂膜对贡柑感官评价、失重率、VC、可滴定酸、还原糖、可溶性固形物含量等贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,1%壳聚糖涂膜处理能够有效延缓贡柑失重率下降,保持较高感官评分,抑制VC、可滴定酸、还原糖、可溶性固形物含量下降;贮藏21天后,贡柑感官评价、失重率、VC含量、可滴定酸含量、还原糖含量、可溶性固形物含量分别为6.4分、5.03%、13.44 mg/100 g、0.31 g/100 g、3.36 g/100 g、11.95%,达到保鲜目的。     

高阻断性那他霉素玉米醇溶蛋白可食用膜的制备及对苹果的保鲜效果

研究那他霉素玉米醇溶蛋白膜的最佳成膜条件和该膜对苹果的保鲜效果。以玉米醇溶蛋白、那他霉素、甘油、乙醇为原料,采用流延法制备成膜。结果表明:涂膜最佳条件为玉米醇溶蛋白和80%乙醇固液比为1∶10(g/m L),那他霉素含量为0.05%,甘油浓度为玉米醇溶蛋白的20%,此条件下制备的膜拉伸强度达2.89MPa,透光率为6.2%。与对照相比,那他霉素玉米醇溶蛋白膜涂膜处理能够显著降低苹果贮存过程中的失重率、褐变度、硬度和呼吸强度,以及总酸度、还原糖和VC含量的损失。     

海藻酸钠复合涂膜对贡柑保鲜效果的影响

以海藻酸钠、壳聚糖和尼泊金复合酯为涂膜材料,采用不同涂膜液对新鲜贡柑进行涂膜保鲜,通过测定其感官评价、VC含量、失重率、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化酶(POD)活性等指标进行评定。结果表明,经1%海藻酸钠+0.3%尼泊金复合酯涂膜处理过的贡柑保鲜效果最优,贮藏第35天时,其感官评价5.7分、失重率10.111%、可溶性糖含量8.208%、可滴定酸含量0.367%、VC含量31.301 mg/100 g、可溶性固形物含量10.27%、POD活性0.680 U/g,能较好保持其营养成分,延长货架期。     

山苍子精油壳聚糖复合涂膜保鲜金柑

为了延长金柑的贮藏期,以金柑为原料,研究室温条件下山苍子精油壳聚糖复合涂膜对金柑果实失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC、总糖、感官等指标的影响。结果表明:山苍子精油壳聚糖复合涂膜抑制了金柑的失重,处理组可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC、总糖、感官均优于对照组。其中失重率、可溶性固形物、VC均有显著性差异,第30天时处理组、对照组的失重率分别为5.92%,8.35%,可溶性固形物分别为10.31%,8.67%,VC分别为15.77,8.32mg/100g。山苍子精油壳聚糖复合涂膜降低了营养物质的消耗,有效地延缓了金柑的衰老。     

存放方式对壳聚糖涂膜草莓保鲜效果的影响

[目的]研究提高壳聚糖保鲜草莓的效果。[方法]以新鲜草莓为材料,用不同浓度的壳聚糖溶液涂膜并进行密封与未密封处理。通过测定不同存放时间后草莓腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、VC含量的变化来探讨不同浓度壳聚糖涂膜后存放方式对草莓保鲜效果的影响。[结果]1.0%壳聚糖涂膜密封存放最有利于草莓保鲜,其抑制草莓腐烂率、失重率的下降,延缓了可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、VC含量下降的效果明显好于其他处理。[结论]壳聚糖涂膜后采用密封存放可提高对草莓的保鲜效果。     

温度和甘油对海藻酸钠/羧甲基纤维素钠膜阻隔性的影响

研究干燥温度、甘油含量对海藻酸钠-羧甲基纤维素钠膜性能的影响,以提高膜的阻隔性能。以海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠为成膜材料,通过改变干燥温度以及改变甘油含量,测定水蒸气透过率、透油系数,分析干燥温度、甘油含量对膜阻隔性能的影响。结果表明:对膜液进行热处理,会造成水蒸气透过率和透油系数的增加,适宜的成膜温度是60℃;增加甘油的含量可提高膜的阻氧性,但是对水蒸气透过率影响不明显,适宜的甘油添加量为3%。该研究改进了海藻酸钠-羧甲基纤维素钠膜的阻隔性。     

乳清蛋白成膜条件及其应用

以乳清蛋白(WPC)为基质,研究不同成膜方法对乳清蛋白膜性能的影响以及应用特性。结果表明,物理法的最佳成膜工艺条件为pH 8.0,超声功率240 W,90℃热处理;化学法的条件为添加增塑剂甘油4.0%、还原剂L-半胱氨酸0.10%和交联剂阿魏酸0.20%;酶法的条件为谷氨酰胺转胺酶(TG酶)加酶量20 U/g蛋白,50℃酶解90 min。在最佳成膜工艺条件下,乳清蛋白膜机械性能和阻隔性能均显著提高。综合评价圣女果失重率、抗坏血酸含量和感官评定等指标,乳清蛋白膜对圣女果的涂膜保藏效果依次为:酶法>化学法>物理法,且3种方法均优于不涂膜对照组。     

纳米蒙脱土含量对聚乙烯醇基纳米复合膜包装性能的影响

以聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol,PVA）和纳米钠基蒙脱土（montmorillonite,MMT）为原料,通过溶液
插层-流延成膜法制备不同MMT含量（0、2.5%、5%、10%、15%、20%,以PVA干质量计）的PVA-MMT纳米复合
膜,研究纳米MMT含量对聚乙烯醇基纳米复合膜包装性能的影响。X射线衍射图谱及扫描电镜结果表明,低含量
（5%以下）MMT在纳米复合膜内分散均匀,形成剥离型纳米复合材料,其他含量则形成插层型的纳米复合材料,
PVA结晶形态受纳米材料含量的影响。纳米复合膜的包装性能受纳米MMT含量的影响,随着纳米MMT含量的升
高,PVA-MMT纳米复合膜的水蒸气阻隔性能（水蒸气透过率）和耐水性能（溶解质量损失率、溶胀率和吸湿率）
显著提高（P＜0.05）,而透光性能显著降低（P＜0.05）;在0～5% MMT含量范围内,纳米复合膜拉伸强度随着
纳米MMT含量的增加而提升,而纳米MMT含量高于5%之后,纳米复合膜拉伸强度低于纯PVA膜的拉伸强度,并
且加入纳米材料后,复合膜韧性降低。     

苯乳酸-海藻酸钠涂膜保鲜剂的制备及其在甜樱桃保鲜中的应用

利用苯乳酸的抑菌能力和海藻酸钠的成膜性制备苯乳酸-海藻酸钠涂膜保鲜剂,并应用该保鲜剂对甜樱桃 进行涂膜保鲜。通过测试保鲜剂成膜的性能,确定保鲜剂中海藻酸钠的适宜添加量;通过测定甜樱桃生理指标和品 质指标的变化,研究保鲜剂对甜樱桃的冷藏保鲜效果。结果表明：在6 g/L苯乳酸、5 g/L甘油、5 g/L黄原胶存在的 情况下,海藻酸钠添加量为12 g/L时制备的保鲜剂有较好的成膜性能。应用该保鲜剂保鲜甜樱桃,能较好地抑制甜 樱桃的腐烂,减少水分散失,降低呼吸强度,保持贮藏甜樱桃的色泽和硬度,延缓可溶性固形物和可滴定酸质量分 数的下降,从而有利于降低甜樱桃代谢强度,保持果实品质,延长甜樱桃的保鲜期。     

采前水杨酸结合采后1-MCP处理对李果实贮藏期品质及抗氧化能力的影响

探究采前水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)结合采后1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)处理对李子采后保鲜效果的影响.以李子为试材,研究采前SA(1.0 mmol/L)结合采后1-MCP处理(1μL/L)对李子贮藏期间腐烂率、失重率、硬度、丙二醛、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC含量、H2O2含量...     

魔芋葡甘露聚糖-壳聚糖复合涂膜对北碚447锦橙贮藏品质的影响

为探究魔芋葡甘露聚糖-壳聚糖复合涂膜对北碚447锦橙贮藏品质的影响,分别采用0.5%魔芋葡甘露聚糖+1%壳聚糖复合涂膜,0.5%魔芋葡甘露聚糖涂膜和空白处理北碚447锦橙。以5 d为一个周期,15 ℃温度贮藏,共贮藏5个周期,测定贮藏期间果实的总糖、可滴定酸、V_C、固形物、总酚等指标。结果表明,复合涂膜处理可有效延缓果实品质的下降,与0.5%魔芋葡甘露聚糖涂膜和空白处理对比,复合膜组能够明显抑制果实总糖、可滴定酸、V_C、总黄酮、总酚含量的下降,减缓果实中丙二醛的积累,使锦橙保持了较好的果实品质。证明了复合涂膜处理相比单独0.5%KGM保鲜效果更好。     

CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE AND EDIBLE COATING EFFECTS ON STORAGE LIFE AND QUALITY OF TOMATOES

Tomatoes at pink stage maturities were coated with Semperfresh^TM edible fruit coating which is composed of sucrose esters of fatty acids, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mono-diglycerides of fatty acids. One group of coated and uncoated tomatoes were stored at 23 × 2C under air atmosphere, another group was stored at 12C under air atmosphere and third group was stored at 12C, 93–95% RH in a controlled atmosphere (CA) containing 3% CO₂, 3% O₂ and 94% N₂. Samples of tomatoes were analyzed for firmness, weight loss, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, sugars, ascorbic acid and lycopene to examine changes in quality during storage. Semperfresh^TM edible fruit coating was found to be significantly effective at both storage temperatures (23 × 2C and 12C) in air to delay changes in firmness, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, sugars, ascorbic acid and lycopene. Semperfresh^TM fruit coating reduced fruit weight loss as compared to fruit without coating but the difference between coated and uncoated tomatoes was not significant. Shelf-life of pink tomatoes was increased 3 days at 23 × 2C and 6 days at 12C in air by coating. CA storage delayed compositional changes in tomatoes significantly as compared to air storage of coated and uncoated tomatoes. CA storage also had a significant potential for reducing weight loss and microbial spoilage. Tomatoes were stored 40 days in CA. Coated and uncoated tomatoes exhibited the same results in CA.     

邻苯基苯酚结合果蜡涂膜处理对采后贡柑贮藏品质的影响

为延长贡柑贮藏期,探究邻苯基苯酚结合果蜡涂膜处理对采后贡柑果实的保鲜效果,本研究以采后德庆贡柑果实为实验材料,研究了0.2％浓度邻苯基苯酚结合果蜡涂膜处理对采后贡柑在常温贮藏期间果实品质的影响,观察和测定了贮藏期间果实的腐烂率、硬度、可滴定酸(TA)、可溶性固形物(TSS)、维生素C(VC)、细胞膜的通透性、丙二醛(M...     

Shelf life extension of minimally processed water caltrop (Trapa acornis Nakano) fruits coated with chitosan

Freshwater caltrop (Trapa acornis Nakano) fruits are very perishable and susceptible to browning, and thus have a short shelf life. In this study, minimally processed water caltrop (MPWC) fruits were treated with 0.0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of chitosan aqueous solutions, respectively, and stored at 4 ± 1 °C, 80–85% relative humidity for 15 day. Effects of the chitosan coating on MPWC fruit shelf life and qualitative attributes were evaluated by investigating fresh weight loss, browning index, phytochemicals and browning‐related enzymes activities. Results showed that 1.0% and 2.0% chitosan coating significantly extended shelf life of MPWC fruit by reducing browning occurrence and fresh weight loss, preserving ascorbic acid, soluble solid and titratable acidity as well as total phenol content, also inhibiting the increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities compared to the control during storage. However, 0.5% chitosan coating seemed to be ineffective in prolonging shelf life and conserving quality of MPWC fruit except for keeping more total phenols during storage in comparison with the control.     

褪黑素处理对蜂糖李果实的保鲜效应

通过测定蜂糖李贮藏期间果实呼吸强度、失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C(V_C)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及感官品质的变化,研究不同浓度褪黑素(0、50、150、250、350和450 μmol/L)处理对蜂糖李果实采后常温(23±2)℃贮藏过程中保鲜效应影响。结果表明:适宜浓度(150~350 μmol/L)褪黑素处理能够有效地降低蜂糖李果实的呼吸强度和失重率,延迟果实软化、保持果实较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸,减少V_C的降解,维持果实较好的感官品质和风味;提高POD活性,抑制PPO活性的上升,降低丙二醛的积累,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,延缓果实的成熟与衰老。实验结果表明,250 μmol/L的褪黑素溶液处理保鲜效果最好。     

气调冷藏集装箱对蔬菜贮藏的保鲜效果

为探讨气调冷藏集装箱的保鲜效果,以常见蔬菜小白菜、油麦菜、芹菜、菠菜为试材,在1 ℃条件下,分别用气调冷藏集装箱与普通冷库贮藏,气调环境为5%±1% O₂、95%±1% N₂,相对湿度为90%±5%,乙烯脱除模块每天凌晨脱除0.5 h,臭氧杀菌模块每天灭菌一次,浓度2 g·min?1,时间是10 min,而普通冷库除冷藏外不再增加其他措施。通过测定贮藏期间蔬菜的失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸、呼吸强度、丙二醛、叶绿素指标,评价设备保鲜性能。结果表明,与普通冷库相比,在45 d贮藏期内,气调冷藏集装箱明显能有效防止蔬菜水分的散失,维持较高的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量,在一定程度上抑制了果蔬的呼吸作用,降低抗坏血酸、叶绿素的消耗,减轻叶片细胞膜质过氧化的程度,能有效延缓蔬菜腐烂变质的时间,保持蔬菜较好的贮藏品质。因此,气调冷藏集装箱对大批量蔬菜的贮藏具有良好的应用前景。     

1-MCP对木纳格葡萄的保鲜效果

为寻找新型、无硫的鲜食葡萄保鲜方法,以新疆木纳格葡萄为试材,研究0.5、1.0和1.5 μL/L的1-MCP熏蒸处理对其在常温(25±0.5) ℃和冷藏(0~3) ℃贮藏期间果实的主要品质、生理指标及其作用效果的影响。结果表明:1-MCP熏蒸处理能在不同程度上降低常温贮藏条件下以及冷藏条件下葡萄的脱粒率、腐烂率、果穗失重率和果梗褐变,保持葡萄的硬度、可溶性固形物、V_C含量、可溶性糖含量以及可滴定酸含量。室温贮藏结束时,1.0 μL/L浓度1-MCP处理的葡萄可溶性糖含量为10.18%,比对照组高出29.36%,可溶性固形物比对照组高出20.65%,而失重率却比对照组低34.85%。冷藏贮藏结束时,1.0 μL/L浓度1-MCP处理的葡萄腐烂率为26.13%,比对照组低30.49%,而V_C含量比对照组高出34.38%。0.5 μL/L和1.5 μL/L的1-MCP处理对维持果实品质也有一定的作用,但是效果均不如1.0 μL/L处理的果实明显。综上所述,1.0 μL/L浓度的1-MCP处理的葡萄腐烂率最低,果实的外在品质和内在品质下降幅度最小,保鲜效果最好。     

Influence of edible coating on quality of plum (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus salicina</Emphasis> Lindl. cv. ‘Sapphire’)

Edible coating may enhance the boundary layer resistance resulting in enhanced shelf life of fruits. Plums (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. ‘Sapphire’) were treated with coating material based on carbohydrate (Versasheen) with sorbitol as plasticizer and stored at 20 °C and 85% RH. The influence of coating on the gas transmission rates was estimated using a carrier of 100% cellulose paper. Coating treatment reduced the transmission rate of CO₂, O₂, and H₂O. Changes in fruit weight, fruit flesh firmness, color parameters (L*, a*, and hue angle), soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, ethylene, CO₂, malondialdehyde (MDA), and VIS/NIR fruit reflectance spectrum were recorded in 2-day interval. Edible coating was effective in delaying the increase of pH and the loss of firmness, titratable acidity, L*, hue angle, and MDA. The incorporation of sorbitol showed beneficial effects on decreasing the weight loss, CO₂, and ethylene exchange. In the room temperature storage period, not only fruit ripening was measurable in the VIS (350–750 nm) and NIR (750–1,400 nm) wavelength ranges due to the decrease in the fruit chlorophyll absorption but also water loss, respectively. After 5-day room temperature storage the chlorophyll absorption peak in the spectra was already beyond the detection limit in all treatments, while after 3-day storage, the coating effect on the spectral intensities was feasible to separate control from coated plums.