制备工艺对酚醛树脂基炭分子筛性能影响

以工业酚醛树脂㈣为碳源,三嵌段聚合物F127作为模板剂制备炭分子筛材料。采用TG、SEM、FTIR和N_2-BET等表征手段对制备的炭分子筛进行了表征,研究了前驱体制备工艺对炭分子筛孔径分布的影响。结果表明,F127用量、搅拌时间、反应温度对炭分子筛孔径分布影响很大。在酚醛树脂与F127质量比1:1,反应温度45℃,搅拌时间6 h,800℃炭化条件下制备的炭分子筛孔径分布最为集中,BET比表面积和单点总孔容分别为716.59 m~3·g~(-1)和0.55775 cm~3·g~(-1)。     

陕北中低温煤焦油减压馏分的GC-MS分析

以陕北中低温煤焦油轻油为原料,在减压(1 kPa)蒸馏装置中切取＜100℃,100℃～170℃,170℃～200℃,200℃～240℃,240℃～270℃,270℃～300℃和300℃～340℃7段馏分.利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定了馏分中化合物的组成和结构.结果表明,蒸馏终温为340℃可得到煤焦油约95％(质量分数);在各个馏分中都分布有脂肪烃类化合物;蒽菲类化合物主要分布在170℃～240℃馏分中;低级酚主要分布在＜100℃馏分中,酚类含量约占45％,其中苯酚含量为7.46％,甲酚含量为13％;高级酚分布于100℃～170℃和170℃～200℃馏分中;270℃～300℃和300℃～340℃馏分中也有少量低级酚和烯烃被发现,可能是高温下长链脂肪烃和高级酚类化合物发生热裂解所致.     

煤层气变压吸附用炭分子筛的制备研究

为解决煤层抽放气中CH4/N2的分离问题,以椰壳炭化料为原料,采用炭化、活化和炭沉积相结合的方法,以苯为沉积剂,改变工艺条件,制备了不同性能的炭分子筛,研究了炭分子筛前驱体的种类、苯流量对炭分子筛分离效果的影响,结果表明,在炭化温度450℃,炭化时间40 min,活化温度850℃,活化时间120 min时制备的炭分子筛前驱体,进一步制成炭分子筛对CH4/N2的分离效果最好;在750℃,沉积时间30 min,苯流量0.45 m L/min时制备的炭分子筛对CH4/N2的分离效果最好。     

热缩聚煤沥青压型制备分子筛炭膜：（Ⅳ）活化法在碳膜制备上的应用

在碳沉积法和表面涂层法制备分子筛炭膜的基础上，在氧化气氛下对所制得的分子筛炭膜进行适当活化，可以大大提高分子筛炭膜对Ｈ２／ＣＯ２的分离性能。实验结果表明，在７５０℃通入ＣＯ２／Ｎ２的分离系数由活化前的１１．５上升到２７．８，Ｈ２的渗透速率略有提高，ＣＯ２稍有下降，与其它几种膜材料Ｈ２／ＣＯ２的分离性能相比，活化制得分子筛炭膜有很大的优越性。     

热缩聚煤沥青压型制备分子筛炭膜 (IV)活化法在炭膜制备上的应用

在破沉积法和表面涂层法制备分子筛炭膜的基础上，在氧化气氛下对所制得的分子筛炭膜进行适当活化，可以大大提高分子筛炭膜对H_2／CO_2的分离性能．实验结果表明，在750℃通入CO_2／N_2的混合气（体积比为1：4），对前述两种方法制得的分子筛炭膜活化30min，H_2／CO_2的分离系数由活化前的11．5上升到27．8，H_2的渗透速率略有提高，CO_2稍有下降．与其它几种膜材料H_2／CO_2的分离性能相比，活化制得分子筛炭膜有很大的优越性．     

高硫石油焦基炭分子筛的制备及吸附铜离子的工艺研究

以高硫石油焦为原料,采用KOH活化法制备高比表面积炭分子筛,研究所制备高硫石油焦基炭分子筛对铜离子吸附能力,通过改变制备的工艺条件,考察其吸附性能。实验结果表明:高硫石油焦破碎325目以上时,再利用KOH进行活化,在活化温度为750℃,碱炭比为3:1的工艺条件下制备的炭分子筛对铜离子的吸附效果最好,其吸附率可达到15.96%。     

炭分子筛的无粉尘化技术研究

本文提出了一种可有效提高空分用炭分子筛的耐磨强度，去除其表面浮灰的方法。将原料炭分子筛在一定浓度的酚醛树脂有机溶液中浸渍３ｈ．沥干后放入电热转炉内在Ｎ２气中保护下，以一定的升温速率加热到３００～７００℃并恒温一定时间，冷却到室温，炭分子筛的表面即被一层致密的、孔隙结构发达的、带金属光泽的有机膜所包覆。有机膜的存在基本不影响分子筛的原有空分性能，但消除了炭分子筛的表面浮灰，并显著地提高了其耐磨强度。     

石油渣油制备活性炭研究 活化过程对活性炭性能影响研究(二)

活化过程的目的是要赋予活性炭一定的表面特性，从而使之具有一定的吸附性能，活化过程对活性炭的性能有很大影响，活化过程优化是活性炭研制中重要的内容，本文对石油渣油制备活性炭中活化参数的优化进行了研究，结果表明：活化温度、活化介质（ 水蒸汽） 的流量及烧失率均有一个最佳范围，在活化温度为９００℃、水蒸汽流量为０－１５ｍｌ（ 液）／ｍｉｎ ．ｇ 、烧失率为５５ ％ － ６５ ％ 的范围内，活性炭可以获得最佳的表面性质，对最佳活化条件下获得的活性炭孔分布研究表明，活性炭的孔分布窄，最可几孔径在５Ａ－ ６Ａ 之间，接近炭分子筛的孔径，本文还对活化过程的动力学规律进行了研究。     

用于超级电容器的生物形态多孔炭的制备及表征

以天然木质材料为原料,以ZnCl2为活化剂,采用一步化学活化法制备了保留木材天然结构的生物形态多孔炭。研究了活化工艺参数对多孔炭的孔结构和表面形貌的影响,并初步探讨了活化机理。结果表明:活化剂ZnCl2对于生物形态多孔炭具有很好的活化作用,通过改变ZnCl2/多孔炭的浸渍比、活化温度,可以调控多孔炭的孔结构和表面形貌。活化温度450℃,浸渍比为7时,多孔炭的BET比表面积为771.6m2/g;浸渍比为5,活化温度900℃,多孔炭的BET比表面积为951.34m2/g。ZnCl2具有催化脱羟基和脱水的作用,并促进芳烃缩合反应,对多孔炭表面产生造孔和扩孔作用,随着浸渍比的提高和活化温度的升高,扩孔作用明显。     

陕北中低温煤焦油重油减压馏分的GC-MS分析

以陕北中低温煤焦油重油为原料,在减压(1 k Pa)蒸馏装置中切取100℃,100—170℃,170—200℃,200—240℃,240—270℃,270—300℃和300—340℃7段馏分。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定了馏分中化合物的组成。结果表明:蒸馏终温为340℃馏分收率(质量分数)为88.5%;各馏分中都分布有脂肪烃类化合物;蒽菲类化合物主要分布在170—240℃馏分中;低级酚主要分布在100℃,酚类质量分数约56%,其中苯酚质量分数为17%,甲酚质量分数为22%;270—300℃和300—340℃馏分也有少量低级酚和烯烃被发现。减压蒸馏可减少煤焦油蒸馏过程中发生缩聚、分解和结焦的可能性。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。