YAG:Ce3+微粉的制备及光谱性能

本文以高分子网络凝胶法制备Ｙ３Ａｌ６Ｏ１２（ＹＡＧ）Ｃｅ＾３＋微粉，并测试其光谱特性。与普通的共沉淀法合成的（ＹＡＧ）：Ｃｅ＾３＋相比，高分子网络凝胶法于比较低的温度下（９９０℃）获得ＹＡＧ物相，合成的（ＹＡＧ）：Ｃｅ＾３＋微粉光谱谱峰存在明显的蓝移现象。     

高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米YAG粉体

以Al（NO3）3硝酸铝和Y（N32）3硝酸钇为原料，采用高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米YAG粉体，对网络凝胶机理和胶体的煅烧过程进行了研究。研究表明干凝胶在900℃煅烧即可全部转变为YAG纯相，没有YAM、YAP等中间相生成。所制备的粉体粒度尺寸大小为20nm左右，颗粒呈球形，有轻微团聚。     

高能球磨与反应烧结合成YAG：Ce^3＋荧光粉的研究

采用高能球磨和反应烧结相结合的方法在1300℃、碳还原气氛下合成了YAG：Ce^3＋荧光粉，通过X射线衍射分析（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜图谱（FESEM）、荧光光谱（Ex，Em）研究了反应时间、Ce^3＋的掺杂量对荧光粉性能的影响。研究结果表明，当反应时间为6h时获得的产物为单一的YAG相，颗粒分布均匀且接近球形；当掺杂Ce抖的摩尔分数x=0．06时，荧光粉的相对发射强度最大。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备YAG的若干影响因素

采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法，以柠檬酸为络合剂，利用硝酸盐制备出了YAG粉体。实验合成了Y2O3占35％-40％（摩尔分数）的YAG粉体，利用热重，差热分析（TG／DTG）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、透射电镜（TEM）等手段对YAG前驱体及煅烧物粉体进行了表征。结果表明，通过提高对前驱体的煅烧温度，延长煅烧时间等方法，在900℃下煅烧不同配比的YAG前驱体，均制得了纯相的YAG粉体，表明在以往YAG的合成中易出现的中间相，并不只是组分的不均匀性造成的，还与煅烧温度和煅烧时间有关。     

YAG：Ce，Tb粉体的共沉淀法制备与发光性能

以NH4HC03溶液为沉淀剂，采用共沉淀法制备了前驱体，在氩气气氛中经1200℃煅烧2h合成了Y2.91-xCe0.06TbxAl5O12（YAG：Ce，Tb）粉体。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱仪对样品的结构、形貌及发光性能进行了表征。所得粉体为体心立方相YAG：Ce，Tb。粉体颗粒团聚成珊瑚虫形。YAG...     

(Ceo.67Tb0.33)MgAl11O19荧光粉的溶胶-凝胶法合成及发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成（Ce0.67Tb0.33）MgAl11O19绿色荧光粉。利用TG-DTA和XRD等实验技术，研究了荧光粉的形成过程，找出了最佳合成条件，并对其粉体形貌和发光性能进行研究。结果表明，用溶胶、凝胶法合成的（Ce0.47Tb0.33）MgAl11O19是一种性能优良的荧光粉。     

掺杂对白光LED用YAG：Ce荧光粉发光性能的研究

采用高温固相法合成了YAG：Ce荧光粉，研究了掺杂元素对YAG荧光粉发光性能的影响。研究表明：YAG：Ce荧光粉亮度随着Ce含量增加先上升后下降。Sm的掺杂对荧光粉发射光谱峰位无影响，而发光亮度却明显下降。随着Gd掺入量的提高，YAG荧光粉的发射光谱发生红移，发光亮度有所下降。YAG：Ce荧光粉的发射光谱，随着Lu掺入量的提高，发射光谱发生蓝移，发光亮度略有下降。在YAG：Ce中掺入Pr，发射光谱在610nm处出现尖锐的红峰，但随着Pr掺入量的增加，亮度明显下降。     

新型互穿网络超大孔水凝胶的制备、性能及表征

以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为基体，以乙烯基吡咯烷酮为预聚体，利用新型两步聚合法和发泡技术，制备了聚（丙烯酸．丙烯酰胺），聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮互穿网络超大孔水凝胶．采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）等分析技术对所得水凝胶进行了表征，并研究了水凝胶的溶胀行为和凝胶强度．实验结果表明：该水凝胶具有相互连通的孔结构，溶胀行为在几分钟内即可完成；以新型两步法制备的互穿网络结构（IPN），大大提高了超大孔水凝胶的强度，新型两步法是制备IPN的有效方法之一．     

光学基质粉体YAG及荧光粉体Ce:YAG的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法制备出尺寸分布均匀、分散性良好的立方相钇铝石榴石(YAG)与Ce:YAG纳米粉体.考察了煅烧温度和时间对粉体物相和颗粒大小的影响及Ce~(3+)的掺杂量对Ce:YAG粉体的荧光光谱的影响.借助IR、XRD、BET、SEM和荧光分析仪等测试手段对前驱体、YAG及Ce:YAG纳米粉体进行了表征与分析.结果表明:共沉淀前驱体经900℃煅烧2h后可得到纯立方相的YAG(Ce:YAG)纳米粉体;所得Ce:YAG粉体具有较好的荧光特性且Ce~(3+)的掺杂量增加会造成其荧光光谱红移.     

[Li]／[Nb]比变化对Ce：Mn：LiNbO3晶体光折变性能的影响：

采用提拉法生长4种不同[Li]／[Nb]比（0．94，1．05，1．20，1．38）的Ce（0．1％（质量分数））：Mn（0．05％（质量分数））：LiNb03晶体和掺镁量为5％（摩尔分数）的Mg：Ce（0．1％）：Mn（0．015％）：LiNbO3晶体。测试晶体红外光谱，[Li]／[Nb]为1．2和1．38的Ce：Mn：LiNb03晶体OH吸收峰移到3466cm^-1，这是化学计量比的标志吸收峰。Mg（5％（摩尔分数））Ce：Mn：LiNbO3晶体OH吸收峰移到3535cm^-1，这是Mg^2＋达到阈值浓度的标志吸收峰,以锂空位模型解释OH-吸收峰移动机理。采用光斑畸变法测试晶体抗光损伤能力，采用二波耦合光路测试晶体的指数增益系数、响应时间、计算载流子浓度。随着[Li]／[Nb]比增加，这些数据指标增加。[Li]／[Nb]为1．38，Ce：Mn：LiNbO3晶体是化学计量比，它的指数增益系数比Ce：Mn：LiNbO3晶体提高1倍，响应速度和抗光损伤能力提高1个数量级以上，是性能最为优良的光折变晶体材料之一。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.