CT Dynamic Analysis of Traumatic Pulmonary Hematoma

目的 观察肺撕裂伤产生的气囊、液气囊及液囊的演变规律,探讨其命名、关系和性质、分型及诊断与鉴别诊断等,以期提高和统一认识.资料与方法 回顾分析近10余年来通过CT动态观察的外伤性肺血肿25例,根据肺撕裂囊腔壁是否有脏层胸膜构成,分为胸膜下血肿与非胸膜下血肿,重点观察囊腔气液量的演变情况.结果 25例共47个血肿,单发11例(44％),多发14例(56％).胸膜下血肿15例32个病灶,气囊3个、液气囊19个及液囊10个,其中前二者3、7、14和18天以内分别演变为液囊者16、4、1、1个;追踪到22个(22/32,69％)病灶完全吸收时间为平均72天.非胸膜下血肿10例15个病灶,液气囊9个,液囊6个,无气囊,其中液气囊在3、7和16天以内分别演变为液囊者5、3、1个;11个(11/15,73％)病灶追踪到完全吸收时间平均95天.本组共31个气囊或液气囊均演变为液囊,且对33个( 33/47,70％)完全吸收的病灶追踪中未见一个逆变为气囊或液气囊.结论 肺血肿可由肺撕裂伤的气囊或液气囊直接或间接演变而来,也可因肺撕裂伤直接形成,且血肿形成后不再逆变.建议将其分为胸膜下和非胸膜下血肿二型.     

肺撕裂伤的螺旋CT诊断

目的 分析肺撕裂伤的螺旋CT表现.方法 29例肺撕裂伤患者,均于伤后1～4 h急诊行CT检查,16例分别于伤后1～3 d,4 d～3周,3周后CT复查.结果 29例肺撕裂伤共38个病灶,右肺单发12例,多发3例,左肺单发10例,多发1例,双肺多发3例.急诊首次CT表现:(1)单发气囊腔3个,液气囊腔10个;(2)多发液气囊腔7个;(3)大片肺出血或大片湿肺内单发或多发低密度气囊12个;(4)单纯肺血肿3个;(5)血肿内泡状积气3个.所有病灶周围均见斑片状、云絮状或晕形磨玻璃样影.16例复查CT表现:(1)1～3 d复查,气囊腔内出现液平;液气囊腔内液体增多;肺出血范围缩小,形成边界清晰肺血肿.病灶周围磨玻璃样影逐渐吸收.(2)4 d～3周复查,16例中有8例变为血肿形态,边界清楚;3例液气囊腔缩小,液平消失,呈厚壁囊腔;5例病灶形态变化不大.所有病灶周围磨玻璃样影缩小、消失.(3)3周后复查,气囊、液气囊缩小,消失;大片肺出血内多发气囊及液气囊完全消失;肺血肿缩小,边界清晰;小血肿吸收消散,残留条索状影;有3例肺血肿半年后复查仍未吸收,表现为肺内肿块.结论 螺旋CT是诊断和动态观察肺撕裂伤的最佳方法.气囊腔,气液囊腔,肺血肿及病灶周围磨玻璃样影是诊断肺撕裂伤的重要征象.     

肺撕裂伤的MSCT表现分析

目的：探讨肺撕裂伤的 MSCT表现。方法回顾性分析31例肺撕裂伤的 MSCT表现。结果31例肺撕裂伤共67个病灶,18例位于肺的背部,靠近或紧贴胸膜,单发11例,多发20例。肺气囊腔9例,肺气液囊腔17例,肺内血肿5例,31例均伴有不同程度的肺挫伤。动态随访肺气囊腔、肺气液囊腔及肺内血肿3种 MSCT表现可相互转换。结论 MSCT是诊断及动态观察肺撕裂伤的最佳检查方法,对临床治疗有重要的指导价值。     

肺撕裂伤的影像诊断

目的探讨肺撕裂伤的影像表现。方法10例肺撕裂伤患者，均于伤后1-5h行X线和CT检查，其中7例行X线和CT复查。结果10例肺撕裂伤患者累及10侧14叶肺，共21个病灶。其中右肺上叶1例1个病灶，右肺下叶2例2个病灶，右肺上下叶受累1例2个病灶，左肺下叶受累3例9个病灶，左肺上下叶受累3例7个病灶。X线片表现：9个病灶呈边缘光滑的空洞样团块影，12个病灶呈边缘模糊的团片状密度增高影，其内夹杂或不夹杂密度减低区。16-32d大多呈小斑片或索条影。CT表现为：高密度肺血肿6个、气液囊腔15个。21个病灶中，15个病灶内见到16个囊腔，其中单腔14个，双腔1个。16个囊腔内均可见气-液平面。动态观察，气囊在伤后1-5h初诊时最大，肺出血则在伤后2-3d复诊时最大，血肿吸收速度明显慢于气囊。16-32d后大多呈小斑片或索条影。结论影像检查是发现、诊断和动态观察肺撕裂伤的最佳方法，CT优于X线片。气液囊腔是肺撕裂伤的特征性影像表现。     

肺撕裂伤的CT诊断及分型

目的 分析肺撕裂伤的CT征象并探讨其分型.方法 回顾性分析28例肺撕裂伤的CT表现.结果 28例患者共累计47个肺叶(63个病灶),其中右肺上叶10个,右肺中叶7个,右肺下叶18个,左肺上叶8个,左肺下叶20个,63个病灶中34个位于肺表面或胸膜下,20个位于脊柱旁,9个病灶位于肺深部.CT表现为肺气囊14个、肺气液囊17个、胸膜下气泡影22个,肺血肿10个,肺撕裂伤周围均合并不同程度的肺挫伤.CT分型为Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型12例;Ⅲ型8例,Ⅰ型+Ⅱ型同时存在3例.25例患者伴有肋骨骨折,13例患者合并血气胸,6例患者合并皮下气肿,2例患者合并纵隔气肿,1例患者合并血管损伤.结论 CT检查可早期发现、诊断和动态观察肺撕裂伤,气液囊及胸膜下气泡影为其特征性表现.     

肺撕裂伤的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT对肺撕裂伤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析32例（68个病灶）肺撕裂伤的CT表现。结果：32例肺撕裂伤患者,共68个病灶,其中58个病灶位于肺表面或紧靠胸膜,10个病灶位于肺的中央,多发15例,单发17例。CT表现为肺气囊肿、气液囊肿、血肿。其中气囊肿9例,气液囊肿18例,肺撕裂伤伴肺内血肿5例。肺撕裂伤周围均有不同程度肺挫伤。CT分型Ⅰ型20例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型1例,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型同时存在6例。结论：CT检查是早期发现、诊断、分型及动态观察肺撕裂伤的最佳方法,并可对治疗、转归及预后起指导作用。     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨闭合性胸外伤中肺撕裂伤的CT分型及临床意义.方法 将63例肺撕裂伤据CT表现分为单纯型肺撕裂伤(脏层胸膜完整,无气胸或血气胸征)和复杂型肺撕裂伤(伴有脏层胸膜破裂,有气胸或血气胸征)两组.并对其CT与临床资料进行回顾性比较分析.结果 63例中,脏层胸膜完整的单纯型肺撕裂伤35例(56%),多为肺边缘局灶性肺假性囊肿病灶,无并发症,均经保守治疗后消散快,平均住院16 d.伴有脏层胸膜破裂的复杂型肺撕裂伤28例(44%),肺内损伤范围较大,伴有肺挫伤20例(71%),并发肺膨胀不全或肺不张15例(54%),局部肺感染3例(11%),行胸腔穿刺或闭式引流19例(69%),开胸手术1例(4%),平均住院58 d.结论肺撕裂伤据CT表现是否伴有脏层胸膜破裂町分为单纯型肺撕裂伤和复杂型肺撕裂伤,CT分型诊断对临床治疗方案的选择和预后的早期判断有帮助.     

创伤后肺血肿影像表现及病理机制探讨

目的 讨论创伤后肺血肿的影像表现及创伤机制。方法 4例创伤后肺血肿患者均经正侧位X线胸片检查，1例又经CT检查。2例分别于创伤后7d及3个月至6个月经随访复查。结果 X线胸片显示，4例的不同肺野均有大小不等的囊状透亮区，囊壁薄而光滑，囊底有气液平面．CT对该种病变显示更为清晰。这些影像表现随不同的创伤机制和时期而有多种变化。结论 肺血肿的影像表现与创伤机制及时期密切相关，需与一些其他疾病进行鉴别。     

肺外伤性血肿的影像学诊断

目的:总结肺外伤性血肿的影像学表现。方法:回顾性总结分析13例肺外伤性血肿的影像学资料。结果:13例肺外伤性血肿单发11例、多发2例,共计15个血肿,其中发生在右肺上叶4个、右肺中叶2个、右肺下叶3个、左肺上叶2个、左肺下叶4个。血肿均表现为圆形、椭圆形,早期边缘模糊、迟发边缘光整。13例患者于伤后1~3h内均进行首次胸部影像学检查,发现肺挫伤、肺撕裂伤、气胸、液气胸、肋骨、脊椎及锁骨、肩胛骨骨折及胸壁挫伤等11例,而发现血肿仅2例。伤后1周内复查新发现血肿4例,而7例血肿为1周后复查发现,最长1例为外伤6个月后发现。13例肺外伤性血肿病例中11例经影像学动态观察证实、2例经皮穿刺证实。结论:X线、CT影像学检查是发现和诊断肺外伤性血肿最佳方法,CT检查优于X线,动态变化是肺外伤性血肿的特征性影像表现。     

Primary extraosseous pulmonary osteogenic sarcoma: CT findings.

This is a report of a primary extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma of the lung. The patient presented with fever and productive cough. Chest radiography and CT showed a cavitary lesion with an air-fluid level. The lesion was treated as an abscess. Despite aggressive antibiotic therapy and drainage, the patient continued to deteriorate rapidly. At autopsy the lesion was found to be a primary extraosseous pulmonary osteogenic sarcoma.     

The air-fluid level in cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis

Pulmonary tuberculosis has long been associated with the formation of cavities in the lung. Many reports in the literature indicate that the occurrence of air-fluid levels in tuberculosis is unusual. The authors present 18 cases of proved active cavitary tuberculosis where air-fluid levels occurred during the active phase of the disease. The consideration of tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of an air-fluid containing pulmonary cavity is emphasized and the pathogenesis of cavity formation is discussed.     

320排螺旋CT双入口灌注技术在肺结核的临床应用

目的：探讨320排螺旋CT双入口灌注技术在定量评估活动性肺结核血流灌注中的临床应用价值,比较不同类型肺结核病灶的血流灌注情况。方法：23例肺结核病例按形态学分3组：结核球8例,空洞型病灶4例,浸润型病灶11例。所有患者均行全肺CT动态容积扫描,利用灌注软件获取兴趣区的灌注参数值：肺动脉血流量（PF）、支气管动脉血流量（BF）及灌注指数（PI）,并对不同类型肺结核病灶的血流灌注参数进行统计学分析。结果：结核球病灶PF（41．51±10．32）ml／（rain·100m1）、BF（11．87±5．76）ml／（min·100m1）、PI（0．72±0．09）;浸润型病灶PF（82．53±51．57）ml／（min·100m1）、BF（40．20±19．06）ml／（min·100m1）、P10．66±0．07;空洞型病灶PF（36．15土12．88）ml／（rain·100m1）、BF（23．69±4．51）ml／（min·100m1）、P10．51±0．14。3组病灶的PF值均大于BF值（P〈0．05）。浸润病灶与结核球、浸润病灶与空洞型病灶的BF和PF值差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但结核球与空洞型病灶的BF、PF值差异无统计学意义。3组病灶的PI值差异无统计学意义。结论：对肺结核的血供灌注研究表明,结核性病变同时接受肺循环和体循环供血,其中肺循环占优势。3组病灶中浸润型病灶的灌注值（PF和BF）最高,空洞型病灶的PF值最低,结核球病灶的BF值最低。     

创伤性肺血肿的治疗与转归

目的总结创伤性肺血肿的治疗经验。方法 21例胸部创伤后肺血肿患者采取有创治疗3例,非手术治疗18例,对其临床资料,包括致伤因素、合并伤情、血肿大小、治疗措施、远期随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果创伤性肺血肿多合并肺挫伤、肋骨骨折、血气胸,肺血肿直径〈20mm组咯血持续时间以及血肿吸收时间明显短于直径〉20mm组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。21例获随访4～8个月,预后良好。结论非手术治疗创伤性肺血肿预后良好。     

Hypothesis on the evolution of cavitary lesions in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection: thin-section CT and histopathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of our study were to evaluate the thin-section CT findings of the cavitary form of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection and correlate these imaging findings with the histopathologic findings concerning the development of bronchiectasis and of centrilobular nodules and cavitary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed thin-section CT scans (2.5-mm collimation, both axial and coronal reformation images) of 24 cases (male-female ratio, 13:11; mean age, 61 years; age range, 43-82 years) of the cavitary form of culture-proven Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex pulmonary infection including two cases with lobectomy specimens. Any changes in CT findings detected on the follow-up CT scans that were available for seven patients (follow-up interval, 6-24 months; mean, 12 months) were also assessed. RESULTS: Thin-section CT findings were bronchiectasis (24/24 patients, 100%), a patent bronchus running into a cavitary lesion (the "feeding bronchus" appearance) (18/24, 75%), nodules less than 10 mm (17/24, 71%), centrilobular nodules (17/24, 71%), nodules of 10-30 mm (13/24, 54%), peribronchial nodules (8/24, 33%), lobular consolidation (6/24, 25%), bronchial wall thickening (4/24, 17%), and consolidation (2/24, 8%). Two lobectomy specimens showed large cavitary consolidations with the feeding bronchus appearance on pathologic specimens. In two patients, small peribronchial nodules had changed into cavitary nodules with the feeding bronchus appearance on follow-up CT, which represented inflamed focal cystic bronchiectasis. CONCLUSION: In the cavitary form of M. avium-intracellulare complex pulmonary infection, the feeding bronchus appearance is another very frequent thin-section CT finding. This appearance may suggest that peribronchial nodules of M. avium-intracellulare complex infection evolve into inflamed focal cystic bronchiectasis manifesting as cavitary lesions.     

Imaging of pulmonary hydatid cyst in children

PURPOSE: We present the various imaging features of pediatric pulmonary hydatidosis based upon a series of 232 cases. The importance of chest radiographs and thoraco-abdominal ultrasound is emphasized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 232 children with pulmonary hydatidosis is presented. The 232 cases (130 boys and 102 girls, age range: 18 months to 14 years) were studied between January 1982 and December 2001. Chest radiographs were available in all cases, chest ultrasound in 156 cases and abdominal ultrasound in 212 cases. CT was only performed in 40 cases. Surgery was performed for all patients. Diagnosis was confirmed with serology tests and/or pathological study of resected cysts. RESULT: The total number of pulmonary cysts detected on chest radiographs was 344. The right lung was more frequently affected than the left (208 lesions). A simple cyst was the most commonly observed lesion (220 cysts). Complicated forms were noted in 118 cases. 180 cysts were observed at ultrasound. A simple cyst presenting as an anechoic mass was noted in 140 cases. In 38 cases, the lesion was heterogeneous. In two lesions endocystic germinal membranes were detected. CT visualized 50 lesions. Thirty three lesions were complicated with endocystic floating or collapsed membranes. Bronchiectasis was observed in seven cases. CONCLUSION: Chest radiographs and thoraco-abdominal ultrasound are very useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatidosis and evaluation of lesion extension. CT is useful for diagnosis of atypical or complicated lesions and to detect bronchiectasis.     

急性壁间血肿合并穿透性主动脉溃疡的MSCTA诊断

目的评价多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)技术在急性壁间血肿合并穿透性溃疡的临床应用价值。方法对20例急性壁间血肿合并穿透性溃疡患者行MSCTA检查,结合二维和三维重建技术进行图像分析。结果按照Stanford分型,A型:5例,B型:15例。所有病例均未显示真假腔及撕裂内膜片,均合并主动脉穿透性溃疡。主动脉壁间血肿(aortic intramural hematoma,IMH)表现为主动脉壁"环"形或"新月"形增厚,伴钙化内膜内移12例,胸腔积液8例,心包积液4例。穿透性溃疡20例共28个病灶,表现为主动脉壁上的溃疡样突起(ulcerlike pro-jection,ULP),其中穿透性主动脉粥样硬化性溃疡(penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer,PAU)14例共22个(79%)病灶,6个(21%)ULP病灶均单发。结论 MSCTA是一种有效、无创的诊断急性壁间血肿合并穿透性溃疡的检查方法,能为临床诊断和治疗提供重要信息。